KM44203 Heat Transfer (Sem 2-22/23)
Chapter 02- Conduction
2–57 Consider a solid cylindrical rod of length 0.15 m and diameter 0.05 m. The top and
bottom surfaces of the rod are maintained at constant temperatures of 20°C and 95°C, re-
spectively, while the side surface is perfectly insulated. Deter- mine the rate of heat transfer
through the rod if it is made of (a) copper, k 380 W/m · °C, (b) steel, k 18 W/m · °C, and (c)
granite, k 1.2 W/m · °C.
2–63 A spherical container of inner radius r1 2 m, outer ra- dius r2 2.1 m, and thermal
conductivity k 30 W/m · °C is filled with iced water at 0°C. The container is gaining heat by
convection from the surrounding air at T 25°C with a heat transfer coefficient of h 18
W/m2·°C. Assuming the inner surface temperature of the container to be 0°C, (a) express the
differential equation and the boundary conditions for steady one-dimensional heat
conduction through the container, (b) ob- tain a relation for the variation of temperature in
the container by solving the differential equation, and (c) evaluate the rate of heat gain to the
iced water.
3–18 Consider a 1.2-m-high and 2-m-wide glass window whose thickness is 6 mm and thermal
conductivity is k =0.78 W/m · °C. Determine the steady rate of heat transfer through this glass
window and the temperature of its inner surface for a day during which the room is
maintained at 24°C while the temperature of the outdoors is 5°C. Take the convection heat
transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of the win- dow to be h1 =10 W/m2 · °C
and h2 =25 W/m2 · °C, and disregard any heat transfer by radiation.
3–19 Consider a 1.2-m-high and 2-m-wide double-pane window consisting of two 3-mm-thick
layers of glass (k = 0.78 W/m · °C) separated by a 12-mm-wide stagnant air space (k 0.026
W/m · °C). Determine the steady rate of heat transfer through this double-pane window and
the temperature of its inner surface for a day during which the room is maintained at 24°C
while the temperature of the outdoors is 5°C. Take the convection heat transfer coefficients
on the inner and outer surfaces of the window to be h1 = 10W/m2 ·°C and h2 = 25 W/m2 · °C,
and disregard any heat transfer by radiation.
3–47 Two 5-cm-diameter, 15–cm-long aluminum bars (k =176 W/m · °C) with ground surfaces
are pressed against each other with a pressure of 20 atm. The bars are enclosed in an in-
sulation sleeve and, thus, heat transfer from the lateral surfaces is negligible. If the top and
bottom surfaces of the two-bar sys- tem are maintained at temperatures of 150°C and 20°C,
re- spectively, determine (a) the rate of heat transfer along the cylinders under steady
conditions and (b) the temperature drop at the interface.
3–55 A 12-m-long and 5-m-high wall is constructed of two layers of 1-cm-thick sheetrock (k
=0.17 W/m · °C) spaced 12 cm by wood studs (k =0.11 W/m · °C) whose cross section is 12 cm
5 cm. The studs are placed vertically 60 cm apart, and the space between them is filled with
fiberglass insulation (k =0.034 W/m · °C). The house is maintained at 20°C and the ambient
temperature outside is 5°C. Taking the heat transfer coefficients at the inner and outer
surfaces of the house to be 8.3 and 34 W/m2 · °C, respectively, determine (a) the thermal
resistance of the wall considering a representative section of it and (b) the rate of heat
transfer through the wall.
3–52 A 4-m-high and 6-m-wide wall consists of a long 18-cm 30-cm cross section of horizontal
bricks (k 0.72 W/m · °C) separated by 3-cm-thick plaster layers (k =0.22 W/m · °C). There are
also 2-cm-thick plaster layers on each side of the wall, and a 2-cm-thick rigid foam (k =0.026
W/m · °C) on the inner side of the wall. The indoor and the outdoor temperatures are 22°C
and 4°C, and the convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and the outer sides are h1
=10 W/m2 · °C and h2 =20 W/m2 · °C, respectively. Assuming one-dimensional heat transfer
and disregarding radi- ation, determine the rate of heat transfer through the wall.
3–73 Consider a cold aluminum canned drink that is initially at a uniform temperature of 3°C.
The can is 12.5 cm high and has a diameter of 6 cm. If the combined convection/radiation
heat transfer coefficient between the can and the surrounding air at 25°C is 10 W/m2 · °C,
determine how long it will take for the average temperature of the drink to rise to 10°C. In an
effort to slow down the warming of the cold drink, a person puts the can in a perfectly fitting
1-cm-thick cylindrical rubber insulation (k = 0.13 W/m · °C). Now how long will it take for the
average temperature of the drink to rise to 10°C? Assume the top of the can is not covered.
3–88 A 2-mm-diameter and 10-m-long electric wire is tightly wrapped with a 1-mm-thick
plastic cover whose thermal conductivity is k =0.15 W/m · °C. Electrical measurements indi-
cate that a current of 10 A passes through the wire and there is a voltage drop of 8 V along
the wire. If the insulated wire is ex- posed to a medium at T =30°C with a heat transfer
coefficient of h =24 W/m2 · °C, determine the temperature at the interface of the wire and
the plastic cover in steady operation. Also determine if doubling the thickness of the plastic
cover will increase or decrease this interface temperature.
4–14 The temperature of a gas stream is to be measured by a thermocouple whose junction
can be approximated as a 1.2-mm-diameter sphere. The properties of the junction are k
=35W/m·°C, =8500kg/m3, and Cp =320J/kg·°C, and the heat transfer coefficient between
the junction and the gas is h =65 W/m2 · °C. Determine how long it will take for the
thermocouple to read 99 percent of the initial temperature difference.
4–17 To warm up some milk for a baby, a mother pours milk into a thin-walled glass whose
diameter is 6 cm. The height of the milk in the glass is 7 cm. She then places the glass into a
large pan filled with hot water at 60°C. The milk is stirred constantly, so that its temperature
is uniform at all times. If the heat transfer coefficient between the water and the glass is 120
W/m2 · °C, determine how long it will take for the milk to warm up from 3°C to 38°C. Take the
properties of the milk to be the same as those of water. Can the milk in this case be treated
as a lumped system? Why?