Date:- 27.4.
2024
EXPONENTS
Q.1. Evaluate the following:
a.( )3
3
5
Ans. 3
5 ×× =3
5
3
5
27
125
b.( 10 )4
3
Ans. 3
10 × 103 × 103 × 103 = 81
10000
c.( )3
−3
2
Ans. −3
2 ×−32 ×−32 = −27
8
d.( )4
−1
3
Ans. −1
3 × × ×−1
3
−1
3
−1
3 = 1
81
Q.2. Express the following as powers of
rational numbers:
a. 32
Ans. 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 =
(2)5
b.
−27
125
Ans. −3
5 × ×
−3
5
−3
5 = ( )3−3
5
j. a b c 6 6 6
2 2 2
x y z
Ans.
a 3 b 3 c3 2
xyz
Date:- 27.4.2024
LAWS OF EXPONENTS
Powers with Same Base
Quotient with Same Base
Power of a Power
Product to a Power
Quotient to a Power
Zero Power Rule
Negative Exponent Rule
Powers With the Same Bases
As per this law, for any non-zero term a,
am×an = am+n
where m and n are real numbers.
5
Example 1: What is the simplification of 5 × 51 ?
Solution: 55 × 51 = 55+1 = 56
-4
Example 2: What is the simplification of (−6) × (−6)-7?
Solution: (−6)-4 × (−6)-7 = (-6)-4-7 = (-6)-11
Note: We can state that the law is applicable for negative terms also.
Therefore the term m and n can be any integer.
Quotient with Same Bases
As per this rule,
am/an = am-n
where a is a non-zero term and m and n are integers.
-5 -3
Example 3: Find the value when 10 is divided by 10 .
Solution: As per the question;
10-5/10-3
= 10-5-(-)3
= 10-5+3
= 10-2
= 1/100
Power Raised to a Power
According to this law, if ‘a’ is the base, then the power raised to the power of base ‘a’ gives
the product of the powers raised to the base ‘a’, such as;
(am)n = amn
where a is a non-zero term and m and n are integers.
3
Example 4: Express 8 as a power with base 2.
Solution: We have, 2×2×2 = 8 = 23
Therefore, 83= (23)3 = 29
Product to a Power
As per this rule, for two or more different bases, if the power is same, then;
an bn = (ab)n
where a is a non-zero term and n is the integer.
Example 5: Simplify and write the exponential form of: 1/8 x 5-3
Solution: We can write, 1/8 = 2-3
-3
Therefore, 2 x 5-3 = (2 × 5)-3 = 10-3
Quotient to a Power
As per this law, the fraction of two different bases with the same power is represented as;
an/bn = (a/b)n
where a and b are non-zero terms and n is an integer.
3
Example 6: Simplify the expression and find the value:15 /53
Solution: We can write the given expression as;
(15/5)3= 33 = 27
Zero Power
According to this rule, when the power of any integer is zero, then its value is equal to 1, such
as;
a0 = 1
where ‘a’ is any non-zero term.
0
Example 7: What is the value of 5 + 22 + 40 + 71 – 31 ?
0
Solution: 5 + 22 + 40 + 71 – 31 = 1+4+1+7-3= 10
Negative Exponent Rule
According to this rule, if the exponent is negative, we can change the exponent into positive
by writing the same value in the denominator and the numerator holds the value 1.
The negative exponent rule is given as:
a-m = 1/am
Example 8:
-2
Find the value of 2
Solution:
Here, the exponent is a negative value (i.e., -2)
Thus, 2-2 can be written as 1/22
2-2 = 1/22
2-2 = 1/4
In other words, we can say that, if “a” is a non-zero number or non-zero rational number, we
can say that a-m is the reciprocal of am.