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Complete Blood Count & Biochemical Analysis

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30 views15 pages

Complete Blood Count & Biochemical Analysis

Uploaded by

Manaswini Swain
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Authenticity Check

CID : 2408008640
Name : [Link] SWAIH
Use a QR Code Scanner
Age / Gender : 43 Years / Female Application To Scan the Code

Consulting Dr. : ABHAY SAHOO Collected : 20-Mar-2024 / 07:35


Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 11:43

PROSELF SILVER
CBC (Complete Blood Count), Blood
PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
RBC PARAMETERS
Haemoglobin 11.6 12.0-15.0 g/dL Spectrophotometric
RBC 4.52 3.8-4.8 mil/cmm Elect. Impedance
PCV 36.8 36-46 % Calculated
MCV 81.5 80-100 fl Measured
MCH 25.7 27-32 pg Calculated
MCHC 31.5 31.5-34.5 g/dL Calculated
RDW 15.1 11.6-14.0 % Calculated
WBC PARAMETERS
WBC Total Count 8220 4000-10000 /cmm Elect. Impedance
WBC DIFFERENTIAL AND ABSOLUTE COUNTS
Lymphocytes 24.9 20-40 %
Absolute Lymphocytes 2046.8 1000-3000 /cmm Calculated
Monocytes 7.5 2-10 %
Absolute Monocytes 616.5 200-1000 /cmm Calculated
Neutrophils 60.9 40-80 %
Absolute Neutrophils 5006.0 2000-7000 /cmm Calculated
Eosinophils 6.5 1-6 %
Absolute Eosinophils 534.3 20-500 /cmm Calculated
Basophils 0.2 0.1-2 %
Absolute Basophils 16.4 20-100 /cmm Calculated
Immature Leukocytes -

WBC Differential Count by Absorbance & Impedance method/Microscopy.


PLATELET PARAMETERS
Platelet Count 294000 150000-400000 /cmm Elect. Impedance
MPV 10.4 6-11 fl Measured
PDW 24.1 11-18 % Calculated
RBC MORPHOLOGY
Hypochromia Mild
Microcytosis -

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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 13:30

Macrocytosis -
Anisocytosis -
Poikilocytosis -
Polychromasia -
Target Cells -
Basophilic Stippling -
Normoblasts -
Others -
WBC MORPHOLOGY -
PLATELET MORPHOLOGY -
COMMENT Eosinophilia

Specimen: EDTA Whole Blood

ESR, EDTA WB-ESR 33 2-20 mm at 1 hr. Sedimentation

Clinical Significance: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also called a sedimentation rate is the rate red blood cells sediment in a
period of time.

Interpretation:
Factors that increase ESR: Old age, Pregnancy,Anemia
Factors that decrease ESR: Extreme leukocytosis, Polycythemia, Red cell abnormalities- Sickle cell disease

Limitations:

‡ It is a non-specific measure of inflammation.


‡ The use of the ESR as a screening test in asymptomatic persons is limited by its low sensitivity and specificity.

Reflex Test: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is the recommended test in acute inflammatory conditions.

Reference:

‡ Pack Insert
‡ Brigden ML. Clinical utility of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. American family physician. 1999 Oct 1;60(5):1443-50.
*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD CPL, Andheri West
*** End Of Report ***

[Link] THAKKER
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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 15:16

PROSELF SILVER
PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
GLUCOSE (SUGAR) FASTING, 90.1 Non-Diabetic: < 100 mg/dl Hexokinase
Fluoride Plasma Impaired Fasting Glucose:
100-125 mg/dl
Diabetic: >/= 126 mg/dl

SGOT (AST), Serum 16.2 5-32 U/L NADH (w/o P-5-P)

SGPT (ALT), Serum 13.7 5-33 U/L NADH (w/o P-5-P)

*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD CPL, Andheri West
*** End Of Report ***

[Link] THAKKER
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Services)

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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 15:24

PROSELF SILVER
KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS
PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
BLOOD UREA, Serum 25.8 12.8-42.8 mg/dl Kinetic
BUN, Serum 12.0 6-20 mg/dl Calculated
CREATININE, Serum 0.65 0.51-0.95 mg/dl Enzymatic
eGFR, Serum 112 (ml/min/1.73sqm) Calculated
Normal or High: Above 90
Mild decrease: 60-89
Mild to moderate decrease: 45-
59
Moderate to severe decrease:30
-44
Severe decrease: 15-29
Kidney failure:<15

Note: eGFR estimation is calculated using 2021 CKD-EPI GFR equation w.e.f 16-08-2023
TOTAL PROTEINS, Serum 7.1 6.4-8.3 g/dL Biuret
ALBUMIN, Serum 3.9 3.5-5.2 g/dL BCG
GLOBULIN, Serum 3.2 2.3-3.5 g/dL Calculated
A/G RATIO, Serum 1.2 1-2 Calculated
URIC ACID, Serum 3.5 2.4-5.7 mg/dl Enzymatic
PHOSPHORUS, Serum 4.5 2.7-4.5 mg/dl Molybdate UV
CALCIUM, Serum 9.1 8.6-10.0 mg/dl N-BAPTA
SODIUM, Serum 138 135-148 mmol/l ISE
POTASSIUM, Serum 5.0 3.5-5.3 mmol/l ISE
CHLORIDE, Serum 101 98-107 mmol/l ISE

*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD CPL, Andheri West
*** End Of Report ***

[Link] THAKKER
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Pathologist & AVP( Medical Services)

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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 15:16

PROSELF SILVER
VITAMIN B12
PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
VITAMIN B12, Serum 509 197-771 pg/ml ECLIA

Intended Use:

‡ Vitamin B12 is also referred to as cyanocobalamin/cobalmin.


‡ It is essential in DNA synthesis, haematopoiesis & CNS integrity.
‡ It cannot be synthesized in the human body & is seldom found in products of plant origin.
‡ The absorption of Vit B12 depends on the presence of Intrinsic factor (IF) & may be due to lack of IF secretion by the gastric mucosa
(e.g. gastrectomy, gastric atrophy) or intestinal malabsorption (e.g. ileal resection, small intestinal diseases).
‡ Dietary Sources of vitamin B12 are meat, fish, eggs & dairy products.

Clinical Significance:

‡ Vitamin B12 or folate are both of diagnostic importance for the recognition of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, especially in the
context of the differential diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia.
‡ Untreated deficiencies will lead to megaloblastic anemia, irreversible central nervous system degeneration, peripheral neuropathies,
dementia, poor cognitive performance & depression.

Interpretation:
Increased In- Vit B12 supplements, chronic granulocytic leukemia, COPD, Chronic renal failure, diabetes, leucocytosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis,
obesity, polycythemia vera, protein malnutrition, severe CHF, uremia, Vit A intake, estrogens, drugs such as chloral hydrate.
Decreased In- Inflammatory bowel disease, pernicious anaemia, strict vegetarians, malabsorption due to gastrectomy, smoking, pregnancy,
multiple myeloma & haemodialysis. Alcohol & drugs like aminosalicylic acid, anticonvulsants, cholestyramine, cimetidine, colchicine,
metformin, neomycin, oral contraceptives, ranitidine & triamterine also cause a decrease in Vit B12 levels.

Reflex Tests: Active B12 (holotranscobalamin), Folate, Homocysteine, Methylmalonic acid (MMA) and Intrinsic factor antibody & parietal cell
antibody.

Limitations: Preservatives, such as fluoride and ascorbic acid may cause interference

Reference: Vitamin B12 Pack insert

*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD CPL, Andheri West
*** End Of Report ***

[Link] THAKKER
M.D. (PATH), DPB
Pathologist and AVP( Medical
Services)

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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 14:30

PROSELF SILVER
GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN (HbA1c)
PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
Glycosylated Hemoglobin 5.6 Non-Diabetic Level: < 5.7 % HPLC
(HbA1c), EDTA WB - CC Prediabetic Level: 5.7-6.4 %
Diabetic Level: >/= 6.5 %
Estimated Average Glucose 114.0 mg/dl Calculated
(eAG), EDTA WB - CC

Intended use:
‡ In patients who are meeting treatment goals, HbA1c test should be performed at least 2 times a year
‡ In patients whose therapy has changed or who are not meeting glycemic goals, it should be performed quarterly
‡ For microvascular disease prevention, the HbA1C goal for non pregnant adults in general is Less than 7%.
Clinical Significance:
‡ HbA1c, Glycosylated hemoglobin or glycated hemoglobin, is hemoglobin with glucose molecule attached to it.
‡ The HbA1c test evaluates the average amount of glucose in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months by measuring the percentage of
glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood.

Test Interpretation:
‡ The HbA1c test evaluates the average amount of glucose in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months by measuring the percentage of
Glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood.
‡ HbA1c test may be used to screen for and diagnose diabetes or risk of developing diabetes.
‡ To monitor compliance and long term blood glucose level control in patients with diabetes.
‡ Index of diabetic control, predicting development and progression of diabetic micro vascular complications.
Factors affecting HbA1c results:
Increased in: High fetal hemoglobin, Chronic renal failure, Iron deficiency anemia, Splenectomy, Increased serum triglycerides, Alcohol
ingestion, Lead/opiate poisoning and Salicylate treatment.

Decreased in: Shortened RBC lifespan (Hemolytic anemia, blood loss), following transfusions, pregnancy, ingestion of large amount of Vitamin
E or Vitamin C and Hemoglobinopathies

Reflex tests: Blood glucose levels, CGM (Continuous Glucose monitoring)

References: ADA recommendations, AACC, Wallach·s interpretation of diagnostic tests 10th edition.

*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD CPL, Andheri West
*** End Of Report ***

[Link] THAKKER
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Pathologist & AVP( Medical Services)

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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 15:16

PROSELF SILVER
VITAMIN D TOTAL (25-OH VITAMIN D)
PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
25-hydroxy Vitamin D, Serum 46.4 Deficiency: < 10 ng/ml ECLIA
Insufficiency: 10 - 30 ng/ml
Sufficiency: 30 - 100 ng/ml
Toxicity: > 100 ng/ml
Intended Use:
‡ Diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency
‡ Differential diagnosis of causes of rickets and osteomalacia
‡ Monitoring vitamin D replacement therapy
‡ Diagnosis of hypervitaminosis D
Clinical Significance: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus and in
the mineralization of bone. Measured 25-OH vitamin D includes D3 (Cholecalciferol) and D2 (Ergocalciferol) where D2 is absorbed from food and
D3 is produced by the skin on exposure to sunlight. The major storage form of vitamin D is 25-OH vitamin D and is present in the blood at up to
1,000 fold higher concentration compared to the active 1,25-OH vitamin D; and has a longer half life making it an analyte of choice for
determination of the vitamin D status.

Interpretation:
Increased In- D intoxication & Excessive exposure to sunlight
Decreased In: Lack of sunlight, Steatorrhea, Biliary and Portal cirrhosis, Pancreatic insufficiency, Inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's
disease, Malabsorption, Thyrotoxicosis , Dietary osteomalacia, Anticonvulsant osteomalacia, Celiac disease and Rickets

Reflex Tests: Serum Calcium, PTH and BMD

Limitation:
‡ For diagnostic purposes, results should be used in cunjunction with other data; e.g. symptoms, results of other tests, clinical
impressions, etc.
‡ Heterophilic antibodies in human serum can react with reagent immunoglobulins, interfering with in vitro immunoassays. Patients
routinely exposed to animals or to animal serum products can be prone to this interference and anomalous values may be observed.
‡ Patients routinely exposed to animals or to animal serum products can be prone to this interference and anomalous values may be
observed.
‡ Various methods for measuring vitamin D are available but correlate with significant differences.

Reference:

‡ Wallach's interpretation of diagnostic tests


‡ Vitamin D kit insert
*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD CPL, Andheri West
*** End Of Report ***

[Link] THAKKER
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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 15:24

PROSELF SILVER
LIPID PROFILE
PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
CHOLESTEROL, Serum 174.5 Desirable: <200 mg/dl CHOD-POD
Borderline High: 200-239mg/dl
High: >/=240 mg/dl
TRIGLYCERIDES, Serum 193.5 Normal: <150 mg/dl GPO-POD
Borderline-high: 150 - 199
mg/dl
High: 200 - 499 mg/dl
Very high:>/=500 mg/dl
HDL CHOLESTEROL, Serum 38.3 Desirable: >60 mg/dl Homogeneous
Borderline: 40 - 60 mg/dl enzymatic
Low (High risk): <40 mg/dl colorimetric assay
NON HDL CHOLESTEROL, 136.2 Desirable: <130 mg/dl Calculated
Serum Borderline-high:130 - 159 mg/dl
High:160 - 189 mg/dl
Very high: >/=190 mg/dl
LDL CHOLESTEROL, Serum 97.0 Optimal: <100 mg/dl Calculated
Near Optimal: 100 - 129 mg/dl
Borderline High: 130 - 159
mg/dl
High: 160 - 189 mg/dl
Very High: >/= 190 mg/dl
VLDL CHOLESTEROL, Serum 39.2 < /= 30 mg/dl Calculated
CHOL / HDL CHOL RATIO, 4.6 0-4.5 Ratio Calculated
Serum
LDL CHOL / HDL CHOL RATIO, 2.5 0-3.5 Ratio Calculated
Serum
*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD CPL, Andheri West
*** End Of Report ***

[Link] THAKKER
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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 15:24

PROSELF SILVER
THYROID FUNCTION TESTS
PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
Free T3, Serum 4.2 3.5-6.5 pmol/L ECLIA
Free T4, Serum 14.2 11.5-22.7 pmol/L ECLIA
First Trimester:9.0-24.7
Second Trimester:6.4-20.59
Third Trimester:6.4-20.59
sensitiveTSH, Serum 7.55 0.35-5.5 microIU/ml ECLIA
First Trimester:0.1-2.5
Second Trimester:0.2-3.0
Third Trimester:0.3-3.0

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Reg. Location : Andheri West (Main Centre) Reported : 20-Mar-2024 / 15:24

Interpretation:
A thyroid panel is used to evaluate thyroid function and/or help diagnose various thyroid disorders.

Clinical Significance:
1)TSH Values between high abnormal upto15 microIU/ml should be correlated clinically or repeat the test with new sample as physiological
factors
can give falsely high TSH.
2)TSH values may be trasiently altered becuase of non thyroidal illness like severe infections,liver disease, renal and heart severe burns,
trauma and surgery etc.
TSH FT4 / T4 FT3 / T3 Interpretation
High Normal Normal Subclinical hypothyroidism, poor compliance with thyroxine, drugs like amiodarone, Recovery phase of non-
thyroidal illness, TSH Resistance.
High Low Low Hypothyroidism, Autoimmune thyroiditis, post radio iodine Rx, post thyroidectomy, Anti thyroid drugs, tyrosine
kinase inhibitors & amiodarone, amyloid deposits in thyroid, thyroid tumors & congenital hypothyroidism.
Low High High Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, excess iodine or thyroxine intake,
pregnancy related (hyperemesis gravidarum, hydatiform mole)
Low Normal Normal Subclinical Hyperthyroidism, recent Rx for Hyperthyroidism, drugs like steroids & dopamine), Non thyroidal
illness.
Low Low Low Central Hypothyroidism, Non Thyroidal Illness, Recent Rx for Hyperthyroidism.
High High High Interfering anti TPO antibodies, Drug interference: Amiodarone, Heparin, Beta Blockers, steroids & anti
epileptics.
Diurnal Variation:TSH follows a diurnal rhythm and is at maximum between 2 am and 4 am , and is at a minimum between 6 pm and 10 pm.
The variation is on the order of 50 to 206%. Biological variation:19.7%(with in subject variation)

Reflex Tests:Anti thyroid Antibodies,USG Thyroid ,TSH receptor Antibody. Thyroglobulin, Calcitonin

Limitations:
1. Samples should not be taken from patients receiving therapy with high biotin doses (i.e. >5 mg/day) until atleast 8 hours
following the last biotin administration.
2. Patient samples may contain heterophilic antibodies that could react in immunoassays to give falsely elevated or depressed results.
this assay is designed to minimize interference from heterophilic antibodies.

Reference:
[Link] et al. / Best Practice and Research clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 27(2013)
[Link] of the thyroid function tests, Dayan et al. THE LANCET . Vol 357
[Link] ,Text Book of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Biology -5th Edition
[Link] Variation:From principles to Practice-Callum G Fraser (AACC Press)
*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD CPL, Andheri West
*** End Of Report ***

[Link] THAKKER
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Common questions

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The HbA1c test is significant in managing diabetes as it evaluates the average blood glucose levels over the last 2 to 3 months by measuring the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. It helps in screening, diagnosing, and monitoring diabetes and the effectiveness of treatment plans. Factors such as high fetal hemoglobin, chronic renal failure, and iron deficiency anemia can increase HbA1c results, while factors like hemolytic anemia and transfusions can decrease them .

Increased HbA1c levels can result from conditions like chronic renal failure and iron deficiency anemia, while decreased levels can occur due to shortened red blood cell lifespan, such as in hemolytic anemia and recent blood transfusions. These alterations can impact diabetes management, as they may give a misleading impression of glycemic control, necessitating careful interpretation and possibly additional testing like CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring).

The endocrine system plays a pivotal role in vitamin D metabolism, which is crucial for bone health. The active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood. It promotes the absorption of these minerals in the gut and reabsorption in the kidneys, which is essential for bone mineralization. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-OH vitamin D levels are monitored as they are indicators of vitamin D status in the blood .

Elevated serum calcium levels can be an indicator of vitamin D toxicity. Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the gut, and excessive vitamin D (beyond 100 ng/ml) can lead to hypercalcemia, which has clinical manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, weakness, and in severe cases, can affect heart rhythm and lead to confusion .

Subclinical hypothyroidism can be suggested by thyroid function tests when the serum TSH levels are high (above typical ranges) while free T4 and T3 levels remain within their normal ranges. This indicates that the thyroid gland is functioning less efficiently, which may or may not be accompanied by symptoms .

eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate, measures how well the kidneys are filtering waste from the blood. It is used to assess kidney function and is categorized into stages indicating levels of kidney health, from normal function to kidney failure. Maintaining a normal eGFR is crucial for preventing kidney disease-related complications such as cardiovascular disease .

A low HDL cholesterol level, particularly one below 40 mg/dl, is considered high-risk for cardiovascular diseases. HDL is known as 'good cholesterol' because it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream. Low levels can lead to an accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and atherosclerosis .

Vitamin B12 absorption in the human body is dependent on intrinsic factor (IF), which is a protein secreted by the stomach. Lack of IF due to gastric or intestinal issues can lead to malabsorption of vitamin B12. Additionally, dietary sources such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy are crucial for adequate B12 intake since the body cannot synthesize it. Deficiencies in these dietary sources or issues with IF can lead to low B12 levels .

Elevated triglyceride levels, which, according to the serum triglyceride measurement, are considered high when between 200 - 499 mg/dl, can lead to several health issues. High triglycerides are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, pancreatitis, and can contribute to artery hardening or thickening, potentially leading to heart attacks or strokes .

Untreated vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a range of cognitive and nervous system issues, including irreversible central nervous system degeneration, peripheral neuropathies, dementia, poor cognitive performance, and depression. These symptoms occur due to the crucial role of vitamin B12 in DNA synthesis and CNS integrity .

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