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SLAB ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION BY CSI SAFE v20
ACCORDING TO TCVN 5574:2018 & TCVN 2737:2323
(BASED ON THE CALCULATION METHOD OF EN 1992-1-1:2004)
[Clause 11 & Appendix G of TCVN 2737:2023 replace Appendix M of TCVN 5574:2018]
1. CONTENT
1. CONTENT ...................................................................................................................................1
2. THEORETICAL BASIS ...................................................................................................................2
3. PRACTICAL CALCULATIONS .........................................................................................................3
3.1. Basic........................................................................................................................................3
3.2. Building the calculation model .................................................................................................3
3.3. Select the applicable standards ................................................................................................4
3.4. Define Material Characteristics ................................................................................................4
3.5. Define Reinforcement Parameters for Crack Analysis ................................................................5
3.6. Define load cases for calculating floor deflection ......................................................................8
3.7. Viewing Analysis Results ........................................................................................................ 10
4. DEFLECTION CONTROL (SAGGING DEFLECTION) ........................................................................ 13
5. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 14
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2. THEORETICAL BASIS
− Deflection calculation (sagging) is computed according to SLS (service limit state), calculated with
characteristic loads (without overload factors).
− Deflection needs to be calculated under the influence of:
• Regular, temporary long-term, and temporary short-term loads when deflection needs to be
restricted due to technological requirements or structure.
• Regular and temporary long-term loads when deflection needs to be restricted due to
aesthetic requirements.
• Considering the long-term performance of the reinforced concrete structure, factors such as
creep and shrinkage as well as the long-term effects of various loads need to be considered.
− If deflection mainly depends on bending deformation, the deflection value is determined based
on the curvature.
− According to section [Link] of TCVN 5574:2018:
The calculation of deflection for reinforced concrete components is conducted under the
condition: f ≤ fu. Where:
f : is the deflection of the reinforced concrete component under the action of
external forces.
fu : is the permissible limit value of deflection for the reinforced concrete
component.
[Clause 11 and Appendix G of TCVN 2737:2023 replace Appendix M of TCVN 5574:2018]
𝒇 ≤ 𝒇𝒖
When mainly affected by bending (flexion)
𝐿
1
𝑓𝑚 = ∫ ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑥 ( ) ⅆ𝑥
𝑟 𝑥
0
Members without cracks in the tensile region: Members cracked in the tensile region:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( )= ( ) +( ) ( )=( ) −( ) +( )
𝒓 𝒓 𝟏 𝒓 𝟐 𝒓 𝒓 𝟏 𝒓 𝟐 𝒓 𝟑
1 1
( ) due to the short-term effect of 0.65L ( ) due to the short-term effect of D + L
𝑟 1 𝑟 1
1 1
( ) due to the long-term effect of D + 0.35L ( ) due to the short-term effect of D + 0.35L
𝑟 2 𝑟 2
1
( ) due to the long-term effect of D + 0.35L
𝑟 3
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3. PRACTICAL CALCULATIONS
3.1. Basic
− In practical calculations, we can use the SAFE software and Eurocode 2 standards with
equivalent material parameters to analyze and determine floor deflection. This article utilizes
SAFE Version 20.3.0.
− The total deflection 𝑓 at this point is calculated as follows:
f = f1 – f2 + f3
Where: f1 : deflection due to short-term effects of all loads
f2 : deflection due to short-term effects of long-term loads
f3 : deflection due to long-term effects of long-term loads
− Load cases include:
• Dead load of the structure (G)
• Supper Imposed Dead load (G’)
• Partition, masonry wall (G’w)
• Live load (Q1, Q2... Q9)
Note: Load conditions for floor slab should be considered for the following cases: Full Load, Loading of
Odd Spans, Loading of Even Spans, Loading by Pairs of Adjacent Spans, as follows:
3.2. Building the calculation model
− Method 1: Create the model directly in SAFE 20.3.0 software.
− Method 2: Export the floor model to be calculated (in “. f2k” file format) from the ETABS model.
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3.3. Select the applicable standards
Select Design → Concrete Slab/Beam Design → Design Preferences…
Select Design Code: Select the applicable standards.
Min. Cover Slabs: Choose the concrete cover and the position of the steel reinforcement layer.
3.4. Define Material Characteristics
Select Define → Material Properties
Check and adjust the material parameters exported from ETABS (MAT1, MAT2, MAT3… if available)
Select MAT1 → Modify / Show Material…
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3.5. Define Reinforcement Parameters for Crack Analysis
Select Analyze → Cracking Analysis Options
Reinforcement Source:
User Specified Rebar/ Design Slab Rebar:
Reinforcement specified by the user/Program
calculates automatically. (default option)
Quick Tension Rebar Specification: User quickly
specifies reinforcement.
Minimum Reinforcing Ratios Used for Cracking
Analysis: Minimum Reinforcing Ratios Used for
Cracking Analysis:
• Tension Reinforcing can be set to μ = 0.003
• Compression Reinforcing μ = 0
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Under Display → Show Crack Widths…
(after running the model analysis: Analyze → Run Analysis & Design)
In the Cracking Modulus of Rupture: choose one of the following options:
• Program Default: Program calculates automatically
• User Specified: User specifies the parameter fctm - the average tensile strength of concrete
at 28 days. For example, for concrete B25 with fctm = 2.2 MPa
TCVN B15 B20 B22.5 B25 B30 B35 B40 B45
fck
C12/15 C16/20 C18/22 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C32/40 C35/45
(MPa)
Eurocode
fctm
1.6 1.9 2.05 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.02 3.2
(MPa)
TCVN B50 B55 B60 B65 B70 B80 B90 B100
fck
C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 C55/67 C60/75 C70/85 C80/95 C90/105
(MPa)
Eurocode
fctm
3.5 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0
(MPa)
Figure: Comparison of concrete grades according to TCVN (Vietnamese) & EC2 (European)
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The parameters affecting crack calculation according to Eurocode 2-2004:
EC2 exempts the SLS from the compression stress of concrete for the XC exposure class.
However for class XD and XF the verification is kept.
The R is replaced by lu (= 0.225 for C ≤ 30MPa, and = 0.28 for C ≥ 40 MPa)
• under combination Characteristic G+Q, reinforcement s < 0.8*fyk
• under combination Characteristic G+Q, concrete XD, XF, XS: b < 0.6*fck
• crack opening under combination Quasi Permanent G+2*Q, which
2 = 0.3 (residential areas, offices, traffic area with 30kN < vehicle weight ≤ 160kN)
2 = 0.6 (congregation, shopping, traffic area with vehicle weight ≤ 30kN)
2 = 0.8 (storage)
cracking opening: wk = sr max * (sm - cm)
[A] if a + ≤ 5(c + /2) for beams: sr max = k3*c + k1*k2*k4* eff
k1 = 0.8 (HA) or 1.6 (RL)
k2 = 0.5 (bending); 1.0 (single traction); or ( + )()
k3 = 3.4 (if c ≤ 25mm) otherwise 3.4*(25mm/c)^(2/3)
c: cover to the longitudinal reinforcement
k4 = 0.425
eff = As/Ac,eff (As = At, tensioned steel section),
Ac,eff = concrete section that covering the tensioned steel section = b*min [2.5(ht - d) ; (ht_y)/3 ; ht/2]
[B] if a + > 5(c + /2) for slabs: sr max = 1.3 (h - x)
sm - cm = (s - kt*(fct,eff/eff)*(1 + e*eff))/Es ≥ 0.6*s/Es
with kt = 0.6 (short-term loading), 0.4 (long-term loading)
s = stress of reinforcement At; e = Es/Ecm
value of wk max is according to the exposure class
• X0, XC1: 0.4 mm
• XC2, XC3, XC4: 0.3 mm
• XD1, XD2, XS1, XS2, XS3: 0.3 mm (0.2 mm per France annex)
• XD3: special provisions of the nature of the aggressive agent
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3.6. Define load cases for calculating floor deflection
Go to Define → Load Cases → Add New Case…
f1 - deflection due to short-term effects of all loads:
f2 - deflection due to the short-term effects of long-term loads:
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Note: According to TCVN 2737-1995, the live load consists of two components: immediate and long-term.
The long-term component can be taken as 0.3 for most common types of live loads, and for warehouses,
this value is 0.8. For precise values, refer to the draft of TCVN 2737-2020 and EN1990:2002.
f3 - deflection due to the long-term effects of long-term loads:
This combination refers to the long-term effects of long-term loads, using two characteristics: Creep
Coefficient (CR) for creep and Shrinkage (SH) for concrete shrinkage.
The creep coefficient can be obtained from Table 11 of TCVN 5574:2018, depending on the concrete grade
and the relative humidity of the surrounding air. For example, for B25 concrete and humidity above 75%,
we have CR = 1.8.
The shrinkage coefficient can be taken as 0.0003 or determined by calculation.
Calculate the creep and shrinkage coefficients according to Eurocode 2-2004.
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Declare the load combination for calculating deflection: f = f1 - f2 + f3 (for each case and similarly for
the 09 cases calculating deflection).
Go to Define → Load Combinations… → Add New Combo…
3.7. Viewing Analysis Results
Go to Analyze → Run Analysis & Design to execute the model analysis.
Go to Display → Show Deformed Shape… (F6) to view the floor deflection results for all load cases from
F1 to F9.
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The value of deflection:
The relative deflection of the floor panel in
the Lx direction:
Δx = Δ – 0.5 (Δx1+Δx2)
The relative deflection of the floor panel in
the Ly direction:
Δy = Δ – 0.5 (Δy1+Δy2)
Check deflection:
Max (Δx; Δy) < [Δ]
[Δ] is the limit deflection, taken from Table
M.1 of TCVN 5574:2018
Clause 11 and Appendix G of TCVN 2737:2023 replace Appendix M of TCVN 5574:2018
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4. DEFLECTION CONTROL (SAGGING DEFLECTION)
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5. REFERENCES
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