2021

release

Classroom in a Book®
The official training workbook from Adobe
Brian Wood
Adobe Illustrator Classroom in a Book® (2021 release)
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ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) iii

 CONTENTS

GETTING STARTED 1
About Classroom in a Book® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Installing the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Fonts used in this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Online Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Lesson files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Web Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Accessing the lesson files and Web Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Restoring default preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
To delete or save the current Illustrator preferences file . . . . . 4
To restore saved preferences after completing the lessons . . 5
Additional resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Adobe Authorized Training Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

WHAT’S NEW IN ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR (2021 RELEASE) 6

Illustrator on the iPad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Recolor artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Snap to glyph enhancements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Cloud document enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Other enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

A QUICK TOUR OF ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR (2021 RELEASE) 8

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Creating a new document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Drawing a shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Editing shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Applying and editing color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Editing strokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Working with layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Creating shapes using the Shape Builder tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

iv CONTENTS
 Working with type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Warping text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Creating with the Curvature tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Creating and editing a gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Creating symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Editing symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Working with effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Aligning artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1 GETTING TO KNOW THE WORK AREA 28

Introducing Adobe Illustrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Opening an Illustrator file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Exploring the workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Getting to know the toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Finding more tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Working with the Properties panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Working with panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Moving and docking panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Switching workspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Saving a workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Using panel and context menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Changing the view of artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Using view commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Using the Zoom tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Panning in a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Viewing artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Navigating multiple artboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Using the Artboards panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Panning with the Navigator panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Arranging multiple documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) v

 2 TECHNIQUES FOR SELECTING ARTWORK 58
Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Selecting objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Using the Selection tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Selecting and editing with the Direct Selection tool . . . . . . . . 63
Selecting with a marquee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Hiding and locking objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Unlocking objects you’ve locked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Selecting similar objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Selecting in Outline mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Aligning objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Aligning objects to each other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Aligning to a key object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Distributing objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Aligning anchor points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Aligning to the artboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Working with groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Grouping items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Editing a group in Isolation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Creating a nested group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Exploring object arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Arranging objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Selecting objects behind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

3 USING SHAPES TO CREATE ARTWORK FOR A POSTCARD 82

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Creating a new document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Working with basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Creating rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Editing rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Rounding corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Rounding individual corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Creating and editing ellipses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Creating and editing circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Changing stroke width and alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Creating a polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Editing the polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Creating a star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

vi CONTENTS
 Editing the star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Drawing lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Using Image Trace to convert raster images into editable vector art . . 103
Cleaning up traced artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Working with drawing modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Placing artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Using Draw Inside mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Editing content drawn inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Working with Draw Behind mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Finishing up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

4 EDITING AND COMBINING SHAPES AND PATHS 112

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Editing paths and shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Cutting with the Scissors tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Joining paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Cutting with the Knife tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Cutting in a straight line with the Knife tool . . . . . . . . . 119
Outlining strokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Using the Eraser tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Erasing in a straight line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Assemble the first dinosaur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Creating a compound path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Combining shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Start by creating shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Working with the Shape Builder tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Assemble the second dinosaur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Combining objects using Pathfinder effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Understanding shape modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Reshaping a path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Using the Width tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Assemble the last dinosaur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

5 TRANSFORMING ARTWORK 138

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Working with artboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Adding artboards to a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Editing artboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) vii

 Copying artboards between documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Aligning and arranging artboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Setting options for artboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Reordering artboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Working with rulers and guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Creating guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Editing the ruler origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Transforming content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Working with the bounding box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Positioning artwork using the Properties panel . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Scaling objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Reflecting objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Rotating objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Transforming with the Free Transform tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Shearing objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Positioning the bicyclist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Using Puppet Warp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

6 USING THE BASIC DRAWING TOOLS 166

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Creating with the Curvature tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Drawing paths with the Curvature tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Drawing a river path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Editing a path with the Curvature tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Creating corners with the Curvature tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Creating dashed lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Drawing with the Pencil tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Drawing paths with the Pencil tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Drawing straight lines with the Pencil tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Joining with the Join tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Adding arrowheads to paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

7 DRAWING WITH THE PEN TOOL 184

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Understanding curved paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
An introduction to drawing with the Pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Getting started with the Pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Selecting and editing paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Drawing straight lines with the Pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

viii CONTENTS
 Starting with curved paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Drawing a curve with the Pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Drawing a series of curves with the Pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Converting smooth points to corner points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Combining curves and straight lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Creating artwork with the Pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Drawing the swan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Editing paths and points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Deleting and adding anchor points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Converting between smooth points and corner points . . . . 206
Working with the Anchor Point tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

8 USING COLOR TO ENHANCE ARTWORK 210

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Exploring color modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Working with color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Applying an existing color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Creating a custom color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Saving a color as a swatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Creating a copy of a swatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Editing a global swatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Editing a nonglobal swatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Using the Color Picker to create color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Using Illustrator swatch libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Adding a spot color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Creating and saving a tint of a color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Converting colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Copying appearance attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Creating a color group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Using the Color Guide panel for creative inspiration . . . . . . . 228
Applying colors from the Color Guide panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Using Recolor Artwork to edit colors in artwork . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Recoloring artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Working with Live Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Creating a Live Paint group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Painting with the Live Paint Bucket tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Modifying a Live Paint group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) ix

 9 ADDING TYPE TO A PROJECT 240
Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Adding type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Adding text at a point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Adding area type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Converting between area type and point type . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Importing a plain-text file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Threading text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Formatting type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Changing font family and font style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Activating Adobe Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Applying fonts to text in Illustrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Fixing missing fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Changing font size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Changing text color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Changing additional character formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Changing paragraph formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Working with glyphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Vertically aligning area type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Using glyph snapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Resizing and reshaping type objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Creating columns of text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Reshaping type objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Sampling text formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Creating and applying text styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Creating and applying a paragraph style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Practicing paragraph styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Editing a paragraph style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Creating and applying a character style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Editing a character style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Wrapping text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Warping text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Reshaping text with a preset envelope warp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Editing the envelope warp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Working with type on a path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Creating text outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

x CONTENTS
10 ORGANIZING YOUR ARTWORK WITH LAYERS 274
Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Understanding layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Creating layers and sublayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Creating new layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Creating a sublayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Editing layers and objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Finding content in the Layers panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Moving content between layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Viewing layer content differently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Reordering layers and content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Locking and hiding layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Duplicating layer content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Pasting layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Applying appearance attributes to a layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Creating a clipping mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

11 GRADIENTS, BLENDS, AND PATTERNS 298

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Working with gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Applying a linear gradient to a fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Editing a gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Saving a gradient as a swatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Adjusting a linear gradient fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Applying a linear gradient to a stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Editing a gradient on a stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Applying a radial gradient to artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Editing the colors in the radial gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Adjusting the radial gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Applying gradients to multiple objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Adding transparency to gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Applying a freeform gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Editing a freeform gradient in Points mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Applying color stops in Lines mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Working with blended objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Creating a blend with specified steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) xi

 Modifying a blend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Creating and editing a smooth color blend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Creating patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Applying an existing pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Creating your own pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Applying your pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Editing your pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

12 USING BRUSHES TO CREATE AN AD 328

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Working with brushes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Using Calligraphic brushes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Applying a Calligraphic brush to artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Editing a brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Drawing with the Paintbrush tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Editing paths with the Paintbrush tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Removing a brush stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Using Art brushes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Applying an existing Art brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Creating an Art brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Editing an Art brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Using Pattern brushes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Creating a Pattern brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Applying a Pattern brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Editing the Pattern brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Using Bristle brushes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Changing Bristle brush options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Painting with a Bristle brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Grouping Bristle brush paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Working with the Blob Brush tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Drawing with the Blob Brush tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Editing with the Eraser tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

xii CONTENTS
13 EXPLORING CREATIVE USES OF EFFECTS AND GRAPHIC STYLES 356
Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Using the Appearance panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Editing appearance attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Adding another fill to content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Adding multiple strokes and fills to text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Reordering appearance attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Using live effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Applying an effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Editing an effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Styling text with a Warp effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Temporarily disabling effects to make edits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Applying other effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Applying a Photoshop effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Working with 3D effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Using graphic styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Applying an existing graphic style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Creating and applying a graphic style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Updating a graphic style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Applying a graphic style to a layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Scaling strokes and effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

14 CREATING ARTWORK FOR A T-SHIRT 384

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Working with symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Using default Illustrator symbol libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Editing a symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Working with dynamic symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Creating a symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Breaking a link to a symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Replacing symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Working with Creative Cloud libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Adding assets to a Creative Cloud library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Using library assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Updating a library asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Working with global editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) xiii

 15 PLACING AND WORKING WITH IMAGES 406
Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Combining artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Placing image files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Placing an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Transforming a placed image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Cropping an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Placing a Photoshop document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Placing multiple images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Masking images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Applying a simple mask to an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Editing a clipping path (mask) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Masking with a shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Masking an object with text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Finishing the masked text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Creating an opacity mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Editing an opacity mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Working with image links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Finding link information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Embedding and unembedding images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Replacing an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

16 SHARING PROJECTS 432

Starting the lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Packaging a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Creating a PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Creating pixel-perfect drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Previewing artwork in Pixel Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Aligning new artwork to the pixel grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Aligning existing artwork to the pixel grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Exporting artboards and assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Exporting artboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Exporting assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

INDEX 448

xiv CONTENTS
 4 EDITING AND COMBINING
SHAPES AND PATHS

Lesson overview
In this lesson, you’ll learn how to do the following:
• Cut with the Scissors tool.
• Join paths.
• Work with the Knife tool.
• Outline strokes.
• Work with the Eraser tool.
• Create a compound path.
• Work with the Shape Builder tool.
• Work with Pathfinder effects to create shapes.
• Work with the Reshape tool.
• Edit strokes with the Width tool.

This lesson will take about 45 minutes to complete. To get the lesson
files used in this chapter, download them from the web page for this
book at [Link]/IllustratorCIB2021. For more information,
see “Accessing the lesson files and Web Edition” in the Getting Started
section at the beginning of this book.

112
Soon after you begin creating simple paths and
shapes, you will most likely want to use them to
create more complex artwork. In this lesson, you’ll
explore how to edit and combine shapes and paths.

113
 Starting the lesson
In Lesson 3, you learned about creating and making edits to basic shapes. In this
lesson, you’ll take basic shapes and paths and learn how to edit and combine them
to create artwork for a few dinosaur illustrations.
� Note: If you 1 To ensure that the tools function and the defaults are set exactly as described in
have not already this lesson, delete or deactivate (by renaming) the Adobe Illustrator preferences
downloaded the project
file. See “Restoring default preferences” in the “Getting Started” section at the
files for this lesson
to your computer from beginning of the book.
your Account page,
make sure to do so
2 Start Adobe Illustrator.
now. See the “Getting
3 Choose File > Open. Locate the file named
Started” section at the
beginning of the book. L4_end.ai, which is in the Lessons >
Lesson04 folder that you copied onto
your hard disk, and click Open. This file
contains the finished artwork.

4 Choose View > Fit All In Window; leave

the file open for reference, or choose File >
Close (I closed it).

5 Choose File > Open. In the Open dialog

box, navigate to the Lessons > Lesson04
folder, and select the L4_start.ai file on
your hard disk. Click Open.
6 Choose File > Save As. If the Cloud
Document dialog box opens, click Save On
Your Computer to save it locally.
� Tip: By default, the 7 In the Save As dialog box, change the name
.ai extension shows on to [Link] (macOS) or Dinosaurs
macOS, but you can add
the extension on either (Windows), and choose the Lesson04
platform in the Save As folder. Leave Adobe Illustrator (ai) chosen from the Format menu (macOS) or
dialog box. Adobe Illustrator (*.AI) chosen from the Save As Type menu (Windows)
and then click Save.
8 In the Illustrator Options dialog box, leave the Illustrator options at their default
settings, and click OK.
9 Choose Window > Workspace > Reset Essentials.

� Note: If you don’t see Reset Essentials in the Workspace menu, choose Window > Workspace >
Essentials before choosing Window > Workspace > Reset Essentials.

114 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

Editing paths and shapes
In Illustrator, you can edit and combine paths and shapes in a variety of ways � Note: You’ll explore
to create your own artwork. Sometimes that may mean starting with simpler other methods for
transforming artwork in
paths and shapes and using different methods to produce more complex paths. Lesson 5.
This includes working with the Scissors tool ( ), the Knife tool ( ), and the
Eraser tool ( ); outlining strokes; joining paths; and more.

Cutting with the Scissors tool

There are several tools that allow you to cut and divide shapes. You’ll start with the
Scissors tool ( ), which splits a path at an anchor point or on a line segment to
create an open path. Next, you’ll cut a shape with the Scissors tool and reshape it.
1 Click the View menu, and make sure that the Smart Guides option is selected.
A checkmark appears when it’s selected.
2 Choose 1 Dino 1 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of
the Document window. Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window to make sure
the artboard fits in the document window.

3 Select the Selection tool ( ) in the toolbar, and click the purple shape on the left
side of the artboard.
4 Press Command and + (macOS) or
Ctrl and + (Windows) three times to zoom in
to the selected artwork.
After you modify this shape, you’ll add it to
the dinosaur head on the right side of the
same artboard to complete the beak.
5 With the shape selected, in the toolbar press and hold on the Eraser
tool ( ), and select the Scissors tool ( ).

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 115

 6 Move the pointer over the top edge of the shape, in the middle (see the first
part of the following figure). When you see the word “intersect” and a vertical
magenta line, click to cut the path at that point and then move the pointer away.

� Note: To learn more Cuts made with the Scissors tool must be somewhere on a line or a curve rather
about open paths and than on an end point of an open path. When you use the Scissors tool to click
closed paths, see the
section “Working with the stroke of a closed shape, like the shape in this example, the path is cut where
basic shapes” in you click so that it becomes an open path.
Chapter 3.
7 Select the Direct Selection tool ( ) in the toolbar. Move the pointer over the
selected (blue) anchor point and drag it up.

8 From where you originally cut the shape, drag the other anchor point up and to
the left until a magenta alignment guide shows, indicating it’s aligned with the
other anchor point you just dragged.

Notice that the stroke (the yellow border) doesn’t go all the way around the
shape. That’s because cutting a shape with the Scissors tool makes an open path.
If you only want to fill the shape with a color, it doesn’t have to be a closed path.
It is, however, necessary for a path to be closed if you want a stroke to appear
around the entire fill area.

116 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

Joining paths
Suppose you draw a “U” shape and later decide to
close the shape, essentially joining the ends of the
“U” with a straight path. If you select the path, you
can use the Join command to create a line segment
between the end points, closing the path. Open path Endpoints
joined
When more than one open path is selected, you can
join them to create a closed path. You can also join
selected end points of two separate paths. Next, you’ll join
the ends of the path you just edited to create a closed shape again.
1 Select the Selection tool ( ) in the � Tip: If you wanted
toolbar. Click away from the path to to join specific anchor
points from separate
deselect it and then click in the purple paths, select the anchor
fill to reselect it. points and choose
Object > Path > Join
This step is important because only one or press Command+J
anchor point was left selected from the (macOS) or Ctrl+J
previous section. If you were to choose (Windows).

the Join command with only one anchor

point selected, an error message would appear. By selecting the whole path,
when you apply the Join command, Illustrator simply finds the two ends of the
path and connects them with a straight line.
2 Click the Join button in the Quick � Tip: In Lesson 6,
Actions section of the Properties panel. you’ll learn about the
Join tool ( ), which
When you apply the Join command allows you to join
two paths at a corner,
to two or more open paths, by default
keeping the original
Illustrator first looks for and joins the curve intact.
paths that have end points located
closest to each other. This process is
repeated every time you apply the Join command
until all paths are joined.
3 In the Properties panel, change the
stroke to 0 by clicking the down arrow
icon until the stroke is removed.
Next, you’ll round the corners on the
top of the shape.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 117

 4 Select the Direct Selection tool ( ) in the toolbar and drag across the top of the
shape to select the top two anchors.
5 Drag one of the corner radius widgets toward the center of the shape to round
the corners.

6 Choose Select > Deselect and then choose File > Save.

Cutting with the Knife tool

You can also use the Knife tool ( ) to cut vector artwork. Using the Knife tool,
you drag across a shape, and instead of creating open paths, you end up with
closed paths.
1 Press the spacebar to access the Hand tool, and drag in the document window
to see the green shape to the right.
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected,
click the green shape.
Any objects selected will be cut by the
Knife tool. If nothing is selected, it will
cut any vector objects it touches.

3 Click Edit Toolbar ( ) at the bottom

of the toolbar. Scroll in the menu that
appears and toward the bottom of the
menu you should see the Knife tool ( ).
Drag the Knife tool directly onto the
Scissors tool ( ) in the toolbar. When
the Scissors tool shows a highlight, release
to add the Knife tool to the list of tools.
4 Press the Escape key to hide the menu.

118 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

5 With the Knife tool now selected in the toolbar, move the Knife pointer ( )
above the selected shape. Drag in a “U” shape to cut into the shape.

6 Choose Select > Deselect.

7 Select the Selection tool ( ), and click the new shape on the top (see the
following figure).
8 Click the Fill color box in the Properties panel, make sure the Swatches option
( ) is selected in the panel that appears, and click to select a darker green.
I chose the color named Dark green.

9 Choose Select > Deselect.

Cutting in a straight line with the Knife tool

By default, as you just saw, dragging across a shape with the Knife tool makes a
free-form cut that is not straight. Next, you’ll see how to cut artwork in a straight
line with the Knife tool to give the dinosaur head (the green shape) a highlight.
1 With the Selection tool ( ) selected, click the large light green shape.
2 Select the Knife tool ( ). Move the pointer just above the top of the shape.
Press the Caps Lock key to turn the Knife tool pointer into crosshairs ( ).
The crosshairs pointer is more precise and can make it easier to see exactly
where you begin cutting.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 119

� Note: Pressing the 3 Press and hold Option+Shift (macOS) or Alt+Shift (Windows), and drag down
Option/Alt key keeps all the way across the shape to cut it into two. Release the mouse button and
the cut straight. Adding
the Shift key (Option/
then the keys.
Alt-Shift) constrains the
cutting to a multiple
of 45 degrees.

4 Press and hold Option (macOS) or Alt (Windows), and drag down from the
top of the shape, down, at a slight angle, all the way across the shape to cut it
into two. Release the mouse button and then the key. This way, you can cut in a
straight line in any direction.

5 Choose Select > Deselect.

6 Select the Selection tool ( ), and click the middle shape you just created (see
the first part of the following figure).
7 Click the Fill color box in the Properties panel, make sure the Swatches option
( ) is selected in the panel that appears, and click to select a lighter green.

8 Drag across all of the green shapes to select them.

9 Click the Group button in the Quick Actions section of the Properties panel.

120 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

10 Press the Caps Lock key to turn off the pointer crosshairs.

Outlining strokes
A path, like a line, can show a stroke color but not a fill color by default. If you create a
line in Illustrator and want to apply both a stroke and a fill, you can outline the stroke
of a path, which converts it into a closed shape (or compound path). Next, you’ll outline
the stroke of a line so you can erase parts of it in the next section to make the final part
used to complete the first dinosaur.
1 Press the spacebar to access the Hand tool and drag in the document window to
see the purple circle to the right.
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected, click
the path of the purple circle.
To erase part of the circle and make it
look like a dinosaur frill, the circle will
need to be a filled shape, not a path. For
an example of what a frill looks like, see
the figure at the start of the next section,
“Using the Eraser tool.” You should also
see a set of gray lines that look like the spokes of a wheel. Those are just guides
used for erasing. They were created by duplicating a straight line several times,
and individually rotating each line 30º from the last.
3 Choose Object > Path > Outline Stroke.
This creates a filled shape that is a closed
path. Next, you’ll erase parts of the shape.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 121

 Using the Eraser tool
\

� Note: You cannot The Eraser tool ( ) lets you erase any area of your
erase raster images,
vector artwork. You can use the Eraser tool on
text, symbols, graphs, or
gradient mesh objects. paths, compound paths, paths inside Live Paint
groups, and clipping content. Whatever artwork you
select is the only artwork you will erase. If you leave
all objects unselected, you can erase any object that
the tool touches across all layers. Next, you’ll use
the Eraser tool to erase part of the selected shape so
it looks like a triceratops frill (see the figure).
1 Press and hold down the mouse button on the
\
Knife tool ( ), and select the Eraser tool ( ) in the toolbar.

� Tip: With the 2 Double-click the Eraser tool ( ) in

Eraser tool selected the toolbar to edit the tool properties.
and nothing selected
in the document, you
In the Eraser Tool Options dialog
could also click the Tool box, change Size to 30 pt to make the
Options button at the eraser larger. Click OK.
top of the Properties
panel to see the options You can change the Eraser tool
dialog box. options, depending on your needs.
3 Move the pointer above the selected
purple circle. Between two guide lines, drag in a “U” shape to create a scallop.

When you release the mouse button, part of the shape is erased, and the shape
is still a closed path. To finish, you’ll erase the bottom of the circle shape.
4 Repeat this around the circle as you see in the figure, leaving the bottom intact.

122 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

5 Move the pointer as in the first part of the following figure. Drag back and forth
across the bottom of the purple circle to erase it.

Erasing in a straight line

You can also erase in a straight line, which is what you’ll do next.
1 Press the spacebar to access the Hand tool, and drag in the document window
to see the partially complete dinosaur to the right.
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected,
click the cream-colored nose horn.
3 Choose View > Zoom In a few times to
see more detail.
4 Double-click the Eraser tool ( ) to edit
the tool properties. In the Eraser Tool
Options dialog box, change Size to 20 pt to make the eraser smaller. Click OK.
5 With the Eraser tool ( ) selected, move the pointer to where you see the red
“X” in the first part of the following figure. Press the Shift key, and drag straight
across to the right. Release the mouse button and then the Shift key.

If nothing is erased, try again. Also, it may look like you erased other parts of the
shape, but if nothing else was selected, you didn’t.
6 Choose File > Save.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 123

 Assemble the first dinosaur
To complete the dinosaur you see, you’ll drag and position the artwork you have
worked on to this point.
1 Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window.
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected, drag the purple shape onto the beak of
the dinosaur.
3 Drag the green group of shapes onto the head (see the following figure).
4 Drag the purple frill onto the purple circle behind the head.

5 If the purple frill covers any of the artwork, click Arrange toward the bottom of
the Properties panel and choose Send Backward a few times until it looks like
the figure.

Creating a compound path

Compound paths let you use a vector object to cut a hole in another vector object.
Whenever I think of a compound path, I think of a doughnut shape, which can be
created from two circles. Holes appear where paths overlap. A compound path is
treated like a group, and the individual objects in the compound path can still be
edited or released (if you don’t want them to be a compound path anymore). Next,
you’ll create a compound path to create some art for a dinosaur’s eyes.
1 Choose 2 Dino 2 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of
the Document window.
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected, select the dark gray circle on the left, and
drag it so it overlaps the larger yellow circle to its right.

124 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

 Smart Guides help you align the circles. You can also select the two circles and
align them to each other using the Align options in the Properties panel.
3 Drag across the gray circle and yellow circle to select both. � Tip: You can still
edit the original shapes
4 Choose Object > Compound Path > Make, and leave the artwork selected. in a compound path
like this one. To edit
them, select each
shape individually with
the Direct Selection
tool ( ), or double-
click the compound
path with the Selection
tool, to enter Isolation
mode and select
individual shapes.
You can now see that the dark gray circle has seemingly disappeared, and you
can see through the yellow shape to the aqua background shape. The dark
gray circle was used to “punch” a hole in the yellow shape. With the shape still
selected, you should see “Compound Path” at the top of the Properties panel to
the right.
5 Drag the group of lines that is just to
the right of the yellow shape, into the
center of the yellow shape. The group of
lines should be on top. If it isn’t, choose
Object > Arrange > Bring To Front.
6 Drag across the eye shapes to
select them.
7 Choose Object > Group.
8 Choose Select > Deselect, and then choose File > Save.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 125

 Combining shapes
Creating more complex shapes from simpler shapes can be easier than trying to
create them with drawing tools like the Pen tool. In Illustrator, you can combine
vector objects in different ways. The resulting paths or shapes differ depending on
the method you use to combine the paths. In this section, you’ll explore a few of the
more widely used methods for combining shapes.

Start by creating a shape

Before you can jump into combining shapes, you’ll create a triangle. Then you’ll
combine it with a few other shapes that are already there. Those shapes will then
become the last part of the dinosaur. Before creating the triangle, you’ll swap the fill
and the stroke so that the fill becomes the stroke for the new shape you make.
1 To swap the fill and the stroke of
the shape so that the fill becomes
the stroke, click the Swap Fill And
Stroke option toward the bottom of
the toolbar.
Having a stroke on the shape, rather
than a fill, will make it easier to see the
gray guide path.
2 Press and hold on the Rectangle tool
and select the Polygon tool in the toolbar.
3 To the right of the eye shapes, in the middle of the artboard, you’ll see a few
yellow shapes. Starting in the center of the yellow circle, drag to create a
polygon. While dragging, press the down arrow a few times until the shape has
three sides (triangle). Drag until the shape is as wide as the gray triangle guide,
press the Shift key to straighten it, and release the mouse button and then
the key.

4 Drag the top edge of the triangle down to snap to the guide triangle, and drag
the bottom bounding point up to snap to the same guide triangle.

126 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

Working with the Shape Builder tool
The first method you’ll learn for combining shapes involves working with the
Shape Builder tool ( ). This tool allows you to visually and intuitively merge,
delete, fill, and edit overlapping shapes and paths directly in the artwork. Using the
Shape Builder tool, you’ll create a more complex shape for another dinosaur head
from a series of simpler shapes you create.
1 Select the Selection tool ( ) and drag across the existing yellow paths and
the shape you made. The guide path for the triangle is locked, so it won’t
be selected.
2 Change the stroke weight to 5 pt in the
Properties panel. Change the stroke
color to the color named Orange to
make it easier to see.
To edit shapes with the Shape Builder
tool ( ), they need to be selected. Using
the Shape Builder tool, you will now
combine, delete, and paint these simple
shapes to create a single shape.
3 Select the Shape Builder tool ( ) in the toolbar. Move the pointer off the left
side of the shapes, and drag to the right. Release the mouse button to combine
the shapes.

When you select the Shape Builder tool, the overlapping shapes are temporarily
divided into separate objects. As you drag from one part to another, a red
outline appears, showing you the resulting shape when the shapes are
merged together.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 127

 � Tip: You can also press the Shift key and drag a marquee across a series of shapes to combine
them. Pressing Shift+Option (macOS) or Shift+Alt (Windows) and dragging a marquee across
selected shapes with the Shape Builder tool ( ) allows you to delete a series of shapes within
the marquee.

Next, you’ll delete a few shapes. You may want to zoom in to the shapes.

� Note: When you 4 With the shapes still selected, hold down the Option (macOS) or Alt (Windows)
position the pointer key. Notice that, with the modifier key held down, the pointer shows a minus
over the shapes,
sign ( ). Click in the middle of the shape on the far left, not the stroke, to
make sure you see the
mesh within those delete it. Zoom in if you need. Refer to the figure to see which shape to remove.
shapes before clicking
to delete.

5 Move the pointer below the shapes. Hold down the Option (macOS) or Alt
(Windows) key and drag through the rest of the bottom shapes. Release the
mouse button and then the key to remove those shapes.

6 Option-drag (macOS) or Alt-drag (Windows) across the two curved paths to

delete them. Refer to the figure to see what to remove.

128 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

7 Select the Selection tool. To swap the fill and the stroke of the shape so that
the stroke becomes the fill, click the Swap Fill And Stroke option toward the
bottom of the toolbar.

Assemble the second dinosaur

To complete the second dinosaur, you’ll drag and position the artwork you have
worked on to this point.
1 Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window.
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected, drag the yellow eye into place on the
dinosaur and the orange shape onto the nose. Don’t worry about exact
positioning. Leave the last orange shape selected.
3 Choose View > Zoom In a few times to zoom in to the dinosaur.

4 To arrange the orange shape behind the other artwork on the nose, click
Arrange in the Properties panel and choose Send Backward as many times as
necessary. I had to choose it three times.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 129

 5 Click the yellow circle around the eye, and to resize it, press the Shift key and
drag a corner. Release the mouse button and then the key. Drag it into place.

6 To make a copy, Option-drag (macOS) or Alt-drag (Windows) the eye to the

other side. Release the mouse button and then the key.

7 Choose Select > Deselect, and then choose File > Save.

Combining objects using Pathfinder effects

Pathfinder effects, found in the Properties panel or the Pathfinder panel
(Window > Pathfinder), are another way to combine shapes in a variety of ways.
By default, when a Pathfinder effect such as Unite is applied, the original objects
selected are permanently transformed.
1 Choose 3 Dino 3 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of
the Document window.
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected, drag across
the three ellipses with the black strokes to select
them all.
You need to create a combined shape for the
dinosaur head to the right. You will use the
Properties panel and those shapes to create the
final artwork.

130 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

3 With the shapes selected, in the Properties panel on the right, click the Unite � Note: The Unite
button ( ) to permanently combine the three shapes into a path. button in the Properties
panel produces a
similar result as the
Shape Builder tool by
combining multiple
shapes into one.

4 Choose Edit > Undo Add to undo the Unite command and bring all of the
shapes back. Leave them selected.

� Tip: Clicking More Options ( ) in the Pathfinder section of the Properties panel will reveal the
Pathfinder panel, which has more options.

Understanding shape modes

In the previous section, the pathfinders made a permanent change to the shapes.
With shapes selected, Option-clicking (macOS) or Alt-clicking (Windows) any of
the default set of pathfinders showing in the Properties panel creates a compound
shape rather than a standard shape (path). The original underlying objects of
compound shapes are preserved. As a result, you can still select each original object
within a compound shape. Using a shape mode to create a compound shape can be
useful if you think that you may want to retrieve the original shapes at a later time.
1 With the shapes still selected, press the Option (macOS) or Alt (Windows) key
and click the Unite button ( ) in the Properties panel.

This creates a compound shape that traces the outline of what’s left after the
shapes are combined. You’ll still be able to edit the original shapes separately.
2 Choose Select > Deselect to see the final shape. � Tip: To edit the
original shapes in a
3 With the Selection tool, double-click the black stroke of the shape to enter
compound shape like
Isolation mode. this one, you can also
select them individually
You double-clicked the stroke of the shape and not anywhere in the shapes with the Direct
because they do not have a fill. Selection tool ( ).

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 131

 4 Click the edge of the ellipse at the top or drag across the path to select it.
5 Drag the selected ellipse straight down from the blue dot in the center, if you see
it, or from the path stroke. As you drag, press the Shift key. When in position,
release the mouse button and then the Shift key.

6 Press the Escape key to exit Isolation mode.

You will now expand the artwork appearance. Expanding the appearance of a
compound shape maintains the shape of the compound object, but you can no
longer select or edit the original objects. You will typically expand an object
when you want to modify the appearance attributes and other properties of
specific elements within it.
7 Click away from the shape to deselect it and then click to select it again. That
way the entire object is selected, and not just the one shape.
8 Choose Object > Expand Appearance.
The Pathfinder effect is now permanent and the shapes are a single shape.
9 Change the Fill color in the Properties panel to an aqua. Change the stroke
weight to 0.

132 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

Reshaping a path
In Lesson 3 you learned about creating shapes and paths (lines). You can use the
Reshape tool to stretch parts of a path without distorting its overall shape. In this
section, you’ll change the shape of a line, giving it a bit of curve, so you can finish
the nose of one of the dinosaurs.
1 Make sure the Smart Guides are on (View > Smart Guides).
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected, click the green path in the middle of
the artboard.
3 To make it easier to see, press Command and + (macOS) or Ctrl and +
(Windows) a few times to zoom in.
4 Click Edit Toolbar ( ) at the bottom � Note: You may want
of the toolbar. Scroll in the menu that to press the Escape
key to hide the extra
appears, and drag the Reshape tool tools menu.
( ) onto the Rotate tool ( ) in the
toolbar on the left to add it to the list � Note: You can use
of tools. the Reshape tool on
a closed path, like a
5 With the Reshape tool ( ) selected, square or circle, but
move the pointer over the middle of the if the entire path is
path. When the pointer changes ( ), selected, the Reshape
tool will add anchor
drag to the left to add an anchor point points and move
and reshape the path. the path.

The Reshape tool can be used to drag an existing anchor point or path segment. � Note: Only
If you drag from an existing path segment, an anchor point is created. selected anchor points
are adjusted when
6 Move the pointer over the top anchor point of the path and drag it to the left a dragging with the
Reshape tool.
little. Leave the path selected.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 133

 Using the Width tool
Not only can you adjust the weight of a stroke, as you did in Lesson 3, but you can
alter regular stroke widths either by using the Width tool ( ) or by applying width
profiles to the stroke. This allows you to create a variable width along the stroke of
� Tip: You can drag a path. Next, you will use the Width tool to adjust the path you just reshaped.
one width point on
top of another width 1 Select the Width tool ( ) in the toolbar. Move the pointer over the middle of
point to create a
the path you just reshaped, and notice that the pointer has a plus symbol next
discontinuous width
point. If you double- to it ( ) when it’s positioned over the path. If you were to drag, you would
click a discontinuous edit the width of the stroke. Drag away from the line, to the right. Notice
width point, the Width that, as you drag, you are stretching the stroke to the left and right equally.
Point Edit dialog box
allows you to edit both Release the mouse button when the measurement label shows Width at
width points. approximately 0.4 in.

You just created a variable stroke on a path, not a shape with a fill. The new
point on the original path is called the width point. The lines extending from the
width point are the handles.
� Tip: If you select 2 Click in an empty area of the artboard to deselect the point.
a width point by
clicking it, you can 3 Move the pointer anywhere over the path, and
press Delete to remove the width point you just created will appear (an
it. When there is only arrow is pointing to it).
one width point on a
stroke, removing that 4 Move the pointer over the original width point,
point removes the
and when you see lines extending from it and
width completely.
the pointer changes ( ), drag it up and down
to see the effect on the path.

134 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

 In addition to dragging to reposition a width point, you can double-click and
enter values in a dialog box. That’s what you’ll do next.
5 Move the pointer over the top anchor point of the path, and notice that the
pointer has a wavy line next to it ( ) and the word “anchor” appears (see the
first part of the following figure). Double-click the point to create a new width
point and to open the Width Point Edit dialog box.
6 In the Width Point Edit dialog box, change Total Width to 0 in, and � Tip: You can select
a width point and
click OK.
Option-drag (macOS)
or Alt-drag (Windows)
one of the width point
handles to change one
side of the stroke width.

� Tip: After defining

the stroke width, you
can save the variable
width as a profile that
you can reuse later
The Width Point Edit dialog box allows you to adjust the length of the width from the Stroke panel
point handles, together or separately, with more precision. Also, if you select the or the Control panel.
To learn more about
Adjust Adjoining Width Points option, any changes you make to the selected variable width profiles,
width point affect neighboring width points as well. search for “Painting
with fills and strokes” in
7 Move the pointer over the bottom anchor point of the path, and double-click. In Illustrator Help (Help >
the Width Point Edit dialog box, change Total Width to 0 in, and click OK. Illustrator Help).

8 Move the pointer over the original width point. When the width point handles
appear, drag one of them away from the center of the path to make it a little
wider. Leave the path selected for the next section.

9 Change the Stroke color in the Properties panel to black.

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 135

 Assemble the last dinosaur
To complete the dinosaur you see, you’ll drag and position the artwork you have
worked on to this point.
1 Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window.
2 With the Selection tool ( ) selected, drag the
aqua dinosaur head shape and the path you
reshaped onto the dinosaur to the right. Leave
the black reshaped path selected.
3 Choose View > Zoom In a few times to zoom in
to the dinosaur.
4 Shift-drag the corner of the black path to make
it smaller. Notice that the stroke weight is still the same even though the line
is smaller. This happens by default. Change the stroke weight in the Properties
panel to 19.

5 Drag it into the position you see in the figure for the next step.
6 To make a copy of the reshaped path, Option-drag (macOS) or Alt-drag
(Windows) the eye to the other side. Release the mouse button and then the key.
7 In the Properties panel, click Flip Along Horizontal Axis to flip the shape.

8 Choose View > Fit All In Window.

9 Choose File > Save and then choose
File > Close.

136 LESSON 4 Editing and Combining Shapes and Paths

Review questions
1 Name two ways you can combine several shapes into one.
2 What is the difference between the Scissors tool ( ) and the Knife tool ( )?
3 How can you erase with the Eraser tool ( ) in a straight line?
4 What is the main difference between shape modes and Pathfinder effects in the
Properties panel or Pathfinder panel?
5 Why would you outline strokes?

Review answers
1 Using the Shape Builder tool ( ), you can visually and intuitively merge, delete,
fill, and edit overlapping shapes and paths directly in the artwork. You can also use the
Pathfinder effects, which can be found in the Properties panel, the Effects menu, or the
Pathfinder panel, to create new shapes out of overlapping objects.
2 The Scissors tool ( ) is meant to split a path, graphics frame, or empty text frame at
an anchor point or along a segment. The Knife tool ( ) cuts objects along a path you
draw with the tool, dividing objects. When you cut a shape with the Scissors tool, it
becomes an open path. When you cut a shape with the Knife tool, the resulting shapes
become closed paths.
3 To erase in a straight line with the Eraser tool ( ), press and hold the Shift key before
you begin dragging with the Eraser tool.
4 In the Properties panel, when a shape mode (such as Unite) is applied, the original
objects selected are permanently transformed, but you can hold down the Option
(macOS) or Alt (Windows) key and the original underlying objects are preserved.
When a Pathfinder effect (such as Merge) is applied, the original objects selected are
permanently transformed.
5 Paths, like a line, can show a stroke color but not a fill color by default. If you create a
line in Illustrator and want to apply both a stroke and a fill, you can outline the stroke,
which converts the line into a closed shape (or compound path).

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 137

 INDEX

NUMBERS Alt key. See keyboard shortcuts

3D effects, working with, 375. See also Anchor Point tool, using, 207–208
effects anchor points. See also convert-point
icon; points
SYMBOLS aligning, 73–74
% (percent), converting to, 155 deleting and adding, 204–206
direction lines, 187
A joining, 117
moving, 202
Absolute button, 91
and paths, 87
Activate button, using with fonts, 17
repositioning, 194
Adobe Authorized Training Partners, 5 resizing, 65
Adobe Capture, using, 103 smooth point, 192
Adobe Color Themes, working with, 230. appearance attributes
See also colors applying to layers, 294
Adobe Fonts copying, 226–227
activating, 249–250 deleting, 380
applying, 17 editing, 361–362
resource for, 248 reordering, 367
Adobe Illustrator. See Illustrator Appearance panel
.ai native format, 85 making taller, 367
using, 360–361
Align panel, opening, 40–41
application bar, locating, 33
Align Stroke To Center tool, 16
Application frame, toggling, 54
Align Stroke To Outside tool, 14
area type
Align To Artboard button, 76
adding, 244
Align To button, 74
aligning vertically, 256–257
aligning converting between point type, 245
anchor points, 73–74 versus point type, 247
to artboard, 74–75
Arrange button, using, 110
artwork, 27, 438–442
Arrange Documents button, identifying,
content to artboards, 154
56
objects, 71–75
arrowheads, adding to paths, 182
alignment, drawing on grid for, 92
Art brushes
alignment guides, identifying, 62
applying, 339–340

448 INDEX
 creating, 340–341 B
editing, 341–343
bicyclist, positioning, 162
using, 331, 339–343
bitmap images, 30
Artboard Editing mode, exiting, 143
Bleed section, Document Setup dialog
Artboard tool, using, 143, 146 box, 86
artboards Blend tool, 318
adding to documents, 141–143
blended objects, working with, 317–321.
aligning and arranging, 146–147
See also objects
aligning to, 74–75
Blob Brush tool, using, 352–354
copying between documents, 145
deleting, 144 borders. See strokes
editing, 143–145 bounding box display, resizing, 65
exporting, 442–443 bounding boxes
fitting in windows, 47, 71 resetting, 158
navigating, 51–54 working with, 153–154
reordering, 148–149 brightness, adjusting for user interface,
setting options for, 147–148 46
switching between global rulers, 149
Bristle brushes, using, 331, 349–352
transforming, 144
Brush Libraries Menu button, using, 334,
using, 11
339, 344, 350
Artboards panel, using, 53–54
brush strokes, removing, 338
[Link] file, saving, 359
brushes
artwork deleting, 331
Actual Size option, 46 editing, 333–334
adding to Asset Export panel, 444 types of, 331
aligning, 27
aligning to pixel grid, 438–442 C
applying radial gradients to, 309
Calligraphic brushes, using, 331–338
changing view of, 46–51
capitalizing words, 255
combining, 409
creating with Pen tool, 199 Caps Lock key
editing colors in, 230 using to turn off pointer crosshairs,
121
locking, 402
using with Join tool, 181
moving in increments, 162
placing, 107 character formatting, changing, 254–255
positioning, 154 Character panel, showing, 255
previewing in Pixel preview, 437–438 character styles
recoloring, 231–234 creating and applying, 265–266
viewing, 50–51 editing, 267
aspect ratio and radial gradients, 311 circles. See also ellipses
Asset Export panel, adding artwork to, aligning with Smart Guides, 125
444–446 copying and pasting, 12–13
creating and editing, 94–96

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 449

 clip groups, entering Isolation mode, 420 compound shapes, editing, 131
clipping masks content, flipping in place, 157. See also
creating, 295–296 Creative Cloud libraries
explained, 419 Content Aware Defaults
clipping paths, editing, 420–421 disabling, 412
Close button, locating, 35 enabling, 314

closing panels, 363 context and panel menus, using, 44–45

cloud documents. See also documents convert-point icon, appearance of, 196,
198, 202. See also anchor points;
placing, 418 points
understanding, 32
Copy Links option, using with linked
CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) files, 435
color mode, 213, 225–226
copying
color group, creating, 227–228 artboards between documents, 145
Color Guide panel color stops, 308
applying colors from, 230 dashed lines, 176
using, 228–229 and pasting circles, 12–13
Color Mixer swatches, 217–218
accessing, 26, 215, 225 corner points
using with symbols, 390 converting between smooth points,
color modes, exploring, 213, 438 206, 208
converting smooth points to, 195–196
Color panel, opening, 215
corner types, cycling through, 91
Color Picker, using to create color,
221–223 corner widgets, dragging, 23
color stops corners
applying in Lines mode, 316–317 creating with Curvature tool, 173–174
copying, 308 rounding, 90–92
Color Swatches button, 222 Creative Cloud libraries
Color Theme Picker, using with Recolor adding assets to, 397–399
Artwork, 233 fonts, 248–252
colors. See also Adobe Color Themes updating assets, 401–402
applying, 13–14, 214, 400 using assets, 400
converting, 226 View By Type option, 398
creating and customizing, 215 cropping images, 412–414
editing in artwork, 13–14, 230 Ctrl key. See keyboard shortcuts
editing in radial gradients, 309–310 Curvature tool
naming, 216 creating corners with, 173–174
saving as swatches, 216–217, 223 drawing paths with, 169–170
columns, switching between, 35 drawing river paths, 170–171
columns of text, creating, 260 editing paths with, 172–173
Command key. See keyboard shortcuts using, 20–21

compound path, creating, 124–125. See curved paths. See also paths
also paths starting with, 192

450 INDEX
 understanding, 186–187 dragging points, 12
curves drawing. See also Pen tool; Pencil tool
combining with straight lines, with Blob Brush tool, 352–353
197–198 curves with Pen tool, 193–194
drawing series of, 194 lines, 102–103
drawing with Pen tool, 193 with Paintbrush tool, 334–335
cutting. See also Undo Cut command paths with Pencil tool, 177–178
with Knife tool, 118–121 straight lines with Pen tool, 190–191
with Scissors tool, 115–116 straight lines with Pencil tool,
in straight line, 119–121 178–179
swan, 200–203
D drawing modes, using, 106–110
dashed lines, creating, 175–176. See also drawing with Pen tool, shapes, 11
lines
drop shadow effect, applying, 368–369
default preferences, restoring, 4
drop zone, identifying, 36
deleting
dX and dY values, 64
and adding anchor points, 204–206
dynamic symbols, working with, 391
appearance attributes, 380
artboards, 144
E
assets from Asset Export panel, 444
brushes, 331 Edit Toolbar button, 36, 118. See also
toolbar
or saving default preferences file, 4
shapes, 128 editing. See also global editing
workspaces, 43 appearance attributes, 361–362
Art brushes, 341–343
dinosaur, assembling, 124, 129–130, 136
artboards, 143–145
[Link] file, saving, 114
brushes, 333–334
Direct Selection tool, using, 34, 63–64, character styles, 267
66, 73, 118, 204–205, 391. See also circles, 94–96
Selection tool
color, 13–14
direction handles, 66 color in artwork, 230
DOC and DOCX files, opening, 246 colors in radial gradients, 309–310
Document Setup dialog box, accessing, compound shapes, 131
86 effects, 370
Document window ellipses, 93–94
locating, 33 envelope warps, 269–270
undocking by accident, 54 with Eraser tool, 354
documents. See also cloud documents; freeform gradients, 315–316
Photoshop documents gradients, 21–22, 302–303
arranging, 54–56 gradients on strokes, 307–308
creating, 10–11, 84–86 groups in Isolation mode, 77
cycling between, 55 opacity masks, 425–427
panning in, 50 paragraph styles, 265
paths and points, 204–208

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 451

 editing (continued)
paths and shapes, 115 in Layers panel, 285–286
paths with Curvature tool, 172–173 Eyedropper tool, using, 226, 261
paths with Paintbrush tool, 336–337
Pattern brushes, 348–349 F
patterns, 322–326 file formats, exporting, 444–446
polygons, 97–99
files. See also Illustrator files
rectangles, 88–90
packaging, 435–436
ruler origin, 151–152
reverting to versions of, 64
and selecting, 63–64
and selecting paths, 189–190 Fill color box
shapes, 12–13 identifying, 13, 89
smooth color blends, 320–321 using, 214–216, 218–221
stars, 100–101 using with gradients, 21
strokes, 14 using with symbols, 23
swatches, 218–221 fill color, changing, 98
symbols, 25, 390 fills. See also gradient fill
effects. See also 3D effects; Photoshop adding to content, 362–363
effects; raster effects; vector effects adding to text, 364–366
applying, 368–369, 372–373 applying linear gradients to, 302
disabling temporarily, 371–372 Filter Gallery, effects in, 375
drop shadow, 368–369
flipping content in place, 157
editing, 370
in Filter Gallery, 375 font color, changing, 254
scaling, 381–382 font family and font style, changing,
Warp, 371 248–252
working with, 25–26 font libraries, accessing in Creative
Cloud, 248–249
Ellipse tool, using, 11, 23
font size, changing, 252–253
ellipses, creating and editing, 93–94. See
also circles fonts. See also missing fonts; text; type
embedding image files, 410 activating, 18–19
applying to text, 251–252
envelope warp preset, reshaping text
with, 268–270. See also warping text Fonts icon, identifying, 358
Eraser tool [Link] file, saving, 300
editing with, 354 Free Transform tool, using, 160–161, 163
using, 122–123, 180 freeform gradient. See also gradients
erasing in straight line, 123 applying, 314–315
Export For Screens Dialog button, editing in Points mode, 315–316
identifying, 446 explained, 301
exporting
artboards, 442–443 G
assets, 444–446 global editing, working with, 403–404.
eye icon See also editing
accessing, 204 global swatches

452 INDEX
 editing, 218–219 Hand tool, using, 50
explained, 216 handles
glyph snapping, using, 257–259 constraining, 201
glyphs, working with, 256 resizing, 65
using with width points, 134
GPU (graphics processing unit)
performance, 49 Harmony Rules menu, using with colors,
229
gradient annotator, hiding, 305
height and width proportions, Properties
gradient fill, explained, 301. See also fills
panel, 23
Gradient tool, 305
Horizontal Align Center button, 71
gradients. See also freeform gradient;
Horizontal Align Right button, 74
linear gradients; radial gradients
applying to objects, 312–313
I
applying transparency to, 313–314
creating and editing, 21–22 [Link] file, saving, 403
editing, 302–303 Illustrator, installing, 2
editing on strokes, 307–308 Illustrator effects, using, 368
moving between text fields, 302 Illustrator files, opening, 31. See also files
resizing, 311
Illustrator Help, accessing, 56
saving as swatches, 303–304
working with, 301 Illustrator interface, scaling, 42

graphic styles Illustrator Options dialog box, accessing,

85–86
applying, 376–378
applying to layers, 380 image files
applying to text, 378 embedding, 410
creating and applying, 376–378 linking, 410
updating, 378–379 image links, finding information, 428
using, 375–376 Image Trace command, using, 103–106
grid, drawing on for alignment, 92 images
Group Selection tool, 78 cropping, 412–414
grouping objects, 75–76, 93 embedding and unembedding, 429
masking, 419
groups
placing, 410–411, 417–418
editing in Isolation mode, 77
replacing, 430
nesting, 78
resizing, 411
guides
transforming, 411–412
adding, 151
inches, changing, 151
creating, 150–151
locking, 152 [Link] file, saving, 140
snapping to rulers, 151 installing Adobe Illustrator, 2
Isolation mode, editing groups in, 77
H
H Spacing values, using with patterns,
325

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 453

 J pasting, 292–293
reordering, 287–288
Join button, using with paths, 117
target icon, 294
Join tool, using, 180–181 understanding, 277
JPEG (.jpg) images viewing content, 285–286
exporting, 444–446 working with, 15
placing, 410–411 Layers panel
disclosure triangle, 277, 282, 286, 295
K
finding content in, 280–282
key anchor point, 73 keyboard shortcuts, 296
key object, aligning to, 72. See also lock icon, 295
objects showing, 39
keyboard shortcuts using with type, 16
combining shapes, 128 leading value, changing, 254
constraining handles, 201 lesson files, accessing, 3
copying dashed lines, 176
lessons, starting, 10
corner types, 91
cutting operations, 120 Libraries panel, applying items in, 400
cycling between documents, 55 library assets
drawing modes, 106 adding to Creative Cloud libraries,
Fit Artboard In Window, 47 397–399
joining ends of open paths, 181 updating, 401–402
Layers Panel, 296 using, 400
locking artwork, 402 linear gradients. See also gradients
resizing content, 411 applying to fills, 302, 304–306
selecting width points, 135 applying to strokes, 306
Zoom In command, 46 explained, 301
zooming in, 115, 324 lines, drawing, 102–103. See also dashed
Knife tool, cutting with, 118–121 lines
Lines mode, applying color stops in,
L 316–317
Landscape button, identifying, 85 Link Corner Radius Values button, 90
layer contents, hiding, 204 linked files, using Copy Links option
with, 435
Layer Options dialog box, displaying, 279
linking image files, 410
layers. See also sublayers
applying appearance attributes to, 294 Links panel
applying graphic styles to, 380 Relink button, 430
Arrange command, 286 using with libraries, 401
creating, 278–279 Live Corners widgets, identifying, 20, 90,
duplicating content, 283, 291–292 92, 99
expanding/collapsing, 277 live effects, using, 368
locking and hiding, 289–290 Live Paint, working with, 234–238. See
moving content between, 283–284 also vector graphics

454 INDEX
Live Shapes, creating, 88. See also shapes hiding and locking, 67–68
lock icon, appearance in Layers panel, masking with text, 422–423
295 reflecting, 157
locking rotating, 158–159
artwork, 402 scaling, 155–156
guides, 152 selecting, 61–63, 69–70
shearing, 161–162
M unlocking, 68–69
Maintain Width And Height Proportions objects behind, selecting, 79–80
button, 155 Ocean image, placing, 435
marquee, selecting with, 65–66 opacity masks. See also masking
masking. See also opacity masks creating, 424–425
objects with text, 422–423 editing, 425–427
with shapes, 421–422 Opacity option, using with patterns, 323
masks, applying to images, 419 open paths
Microsoft Word Options dialog box, joining, 117
displaying, 246 joining ends of, 181
missing fonts. See also fonts Option key. See keyboard shortcuts
finding, 276, 358, 397 Options of Selected Object button,
fixing, 252 identifying, 344
More Options button, 72–73, 90 Outdoor_logos.ai file, saving, 168
Move Down button, using with outline. See strokes
artboards, 149
Outline mode
Move Up button, using with artboards, selecting, 70–71
149
toggling with Preview mode, 50
moving
Outline Stroke command, using with
anchor points, 202 paths, 121
artwork in increments, 162
overset text icon, identifying, 264. See
also text; type
N
Navigator panel, panning with, 54 P
nested group, creating, 78 package report, creating, 435
Next navigation button, identifying, 53 packaging files, 435–436
Paintbrush tool
O
drawing with, 334–335
objects. See also blended objects; key editing paths with, 336–337
object
group, 177
aligning, 71–75
painting
applying gradients to, 312–313
with Bristle brushes, 350–351
arranging, 79, 110
with Live Paint Bucket tool, 237
combining, 130–132
distributing, 72–73 panel and context menus, using, 44–45
grouping, 75–76, 93

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 455

 panel menu icon, identifying, 37 selecting and editing, 189–190
panels. See also tools and shapes, 87
Align, 40–41 type on, 270–271
Appearance, 360–361 Pattern brushes
Artboards, 53–54 applying, 347
Brushes, 339 creating, 345–347
Character, 255 editing, 348–349
closing, 363 using, 331, 343–349
Color, 215 patterns, creating, 322–326
Color Guide, 230
PDFs (Portable Document Format),
hiding and showing, 42 creating, 436–437
Layers, 39
Pen tool. See also drawing; Pencil tool;
Libraries, 400 tools
Links, 401, 430 creating artwork with, 199–203
locating, 33 deselecting objects while using, 193
moving and docking, 40–41 deselecting paths with, 189
Navigator, 54 drawing curves with, 193–194
Properties, 439 drawing straight lines with, 190–191
Swatches, 224 drawing with Pen tool, 200
Transform, 91 using, 187–188, 197
working with, 39–40 using with anchor points, 205
panning using with curved paths, 192
in documents, 50 using with glyph snapping, 258
with Navigator panel, 54 Pen_practice.ai file, saving, 186
PANTONE color system, 223–226 Pencil tool, drawing straight lines with,
paragraph formatting, changing, 255–256 178–179. See also drawing
paragraph styles Photoshop documents, placing, 414–416.
creating and applying, 262–265 See also documents
editing, 265 Photoshop effects, applying, 368, 374–
375. See also effects
Pathfinder effects, using to combine
objects, 130–132 Pie Start Angle button, 95
paths. See also compound path; curved pie widget, identifying, 95
paths pins, selecting, 163
adding arrowheads to, 182
pixel grid
closing with Curvature tool, 172
aligning artwork to, 438–442
deselecting with Pen tool, 189
explained, 437
drawing with Curvature tool, 169–170
turning off, 438
drawing with Pencil tool, 177–178
editing, 115, 204–208 Pixel preview, previewing artwork in,
437–438
editing with Paintbrush tool, 336–337
joining, 117–118 pixel-aligned property, explained, 437
reshaping, 133 pixels, explained, 30
scrubbing, 181 Place dialog box, displaying, 417
plain-text files, importing, 246

456 INDEX
PMS (PANTONE Matching System), Puppet Warp tool, using, 160, 163–164
223–224
px (pixels), converting to, 155
PNG files, exporting, 444–446
point measurement, changing, 151 R
point type radial gradients. See also gradients
versus area type, 247 adjusting, 310–312
converting between area type, 245 applying to artwork, 309
explained, 243 changing aspect ratios, 311
pointer, appearance of, 12, 160 editing colors in, 309–310
explained, 301
pointer crosshairs, turning off, 121
raster effects, applying, 368. See also
points. See also anchor points; convert-
effects
point icon
dragging, 12 raster images
editing, 204–208 converting into vector art, 103–106
undoing, 199 explained, 30
versus vector images, 411
Points mode, editing freeform gradients
in, 315–316 Rearrange All button, using with
artboards, 147
polygons, creating and editing, 97–99
[Link] file, saving, 242
[Link] file, saving, 85
Recolor Artwork, using, 231–234
PPI (resolution) menu, accessing, 413
Rectangle tool
preferences file, deleting or saving, 4
using, 11, 23, 34, 87–88, 93
preferences file, finding, 31 using with dashed lines, 176
Preview mode, toggling with Outline rectangles
mode, 50
creating, 87–88
Previous artboard button, 74 editing, 88–90
Print category, choosing, 84 rotating, 88
process inks, using, 223 reference point locator, 155
profiles, saving stroke widths as, 135 Reflect tool, using, 157
Properties panel reflecting objects, 157
Fill color box, 89 Relative button, 91
hiding, 72
Remove Brush Stroke button, identifying,
PPI (resolution) menu, 413 338
Snap To Pixel option, 439
replacing images, 430
Stroke color box, 90
Transform section, 89, 99–100 Reset Essentials command, accessing, 359
using to position artwork, 154 resetting, bounding boxes, 158
using with type, 17 Reshape tool, using, 133. See also shapes
Width And Height proportions, 23 resizing
working with, 38–39 gradients, 311
.PSD and .PSDC documents, placing, images, 411
414–416 and reshaping type objects, 259–262

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 457

 Revert command, using, 64 dashed lines, 175–176
RGB (red, green, blue) color mode, 213 global swatches, 218
gradients, 21
river paths, drawing, 170–171
graphic styles, 377
Rotate tool
guides, 150
using, 156, 159
identifying, 34
using with dashed lines, 175
layers, 284, 286–288
using with Live Paint, 235
library assets, 401
rotating linear gradients, 302
objects, 158–159 panel and context menus, 44
rectangles, 88 paragraph styles, 262–263
rounding corners, 90–92 patterns, 322, 325
RTF (Rich Text Format) files, opening, Properties panel, 38
246 radial gradients, 309
ruler origin, editing, 151–152 reflecting objects, 157
scaling objects, 155
S Scissors tool, 115
shapes, 13, 16
Save As dialog box, accessing, 85
shearing objects, 161
saved preferences, restoring, 5
symbol libraries, 387
saving text objects, 17
color as swatch, 216–217 text outlines, 272
tints of colors, 225–226 using, 61–63
workspace, 43–44 warping text, 19
Scale tool, using, 156 wrapping text, 267
scaling Shape Builder tool
objects, 155–156 using, 15–16, 127–129
strokes and effects, 381–382 using with dashed lines, 176
Scatter brushes, using, 331 Shaper tool, 37
Scissors tool shapes. See also Live Shapes; Reshape
cutting with, 115–116 tool
using with Join tool, 180 combining, 126
Selection tool operations. See also Direct creating, 126
Selection tool deleting, 128
aligning artwork, 27 drawing, 11
appearance attributes, 360, 367 editing, 12–13, 115
artboards, 52 keeping together, 93
blends, 319 live status of, 12
bounding boxes, 153 masking with, 421–422
clipping masks, 420–421 modes, 131–132
combining objects, 130 selecting and deselecting, 72
compound paths, 124 Swap Fill And Stroke option, 126
Creative Cloud libraries, 398 working with, 87
Curvature tool, 169 sharing content. See Creative Cloud
libraries

458 INDEX
Shear tool, using, 161 styles, applying in Libraries panel, 400
shearing objects, 161–162 sublayers, creating, 280. See also layers
Shift key. See keyboard shortcuts SVG files, exporting, 444–446
side widget, dragging, 98 swan, drawing, 200–203
Smart Guides [Link] file, saving, 199
accessing, 62–63 swatch libraries, using, 223
hiding, 387
swatches
using to align circles, 125
applying and editing, 13–14
using with symbol libraries, 387
changing to global swatches, 220
smooth color blend, creating and editing, creating copies of, 217–218
320–321
duplicating, 217
smooth points naming, 214
converting between corner points, saving gradients as, 303–304
206, 208
Swatches button, 214, 216, 313
converting to corner points, 195–196
using, 192 Swatches panel, contents of, 224

Snap To Glyph feature, using, 257–259 symbol layers, 396

Snap To Pixel option, Properties panel, symbol libraries, using, 387–389

439 symbol set, explained, 395
[Link] file, saving, 212 Symbol Sprayer tool, using, 395
[Link] file, saving, 409 symbol thumbnails, dragging, 392
spot color symbolism tools, accessing, 395
adding, 223–224 symbols
warning about, 224 breaking links to, 393–394
spread of gradient, 311 creating and editing, 23–25, 390,
star, creating and editing, 100–101 392–393
instances, 387
status bar, locating, 33
replacing, 395–396
stokes, adding to text, 364–366 working with, 387
straight lines
combining curves with, 197–198 T
drawing with Pen tool, 190–191 target icon, using with layers, 294
drawing with Pencil tool, 178–179
text. See also fonts; overset text icon; type
Stroke color box, Properties panel, 90 adding at points, 243–244
stroke width and alignment, changing, adding strokes and fills to, 364–366
96–97 applying fonts to, 251–252
strokes applying graphic styles to, 378
adding to text, 364–366 creating columns of, 260
applying linear gradients to, 306 masking objects with, 422–424
editing, 14 reshaping, 268–269
editing gradients on, 307–308 styling with Warp effect, 371
outlining, 121 threading, 247–248
scaling, 381–382

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 459

 warping, 18–19, 268–270 Rectangle, 11, 23, 34, 87–88, 93, 176
wrapping, 267–268 Reflect, 157
text formatting, sampling, 261–262 Reshape, 133
Rotate, 156, 159, 175, 235
text outlines, creating, 272
Scale, 156
text styles, creating and applying,
Scissors, 115–116, 180
262–267
Selection, 13, 16–17, 19, 21, 27, 34, 38,
threading text, 247–248 44, 52, 61–63, 115, 124, 130, 150,
tiles and Pattern brushes, 343 153, 155, 157, 161, 169, 175–176,
218, 262–263, 267, 272, 284, 286–
tint of color, creating and saving, 288, 302, 309, 319, 322, 325, 360,
225–226 367, 377, 387, 398, 401, 420–421
tool tips Shape Builder, 15–16, 127–129, 176
swatches, 13 Shaper, 37
turning on and off, 34 Shear, 161
toolbar. See also Edit Toolbar button Star, 100
locating, 33 Symbol Sprayer, 395
resetting, 37 symbolism, 395
resizing and floating, 35 Type, 243–245, 255, 364, 372
tools in, 34–36 unhiding, 34
tools. See also panels; Pen tool Width, 134–136
Align Stroke To Center, 16 Zoom, 48–49, 61, 390
Align Stroke To Outside, 14 traced artwork, cleaning up, 105–106
Anchor Point, 207–208 Transform section, Properties panel, 89,
Artboard, 143, 146 91, 99–100
Blend, 318 transforming content, 153, 160–161
Blob Brush, 352–354
transparency, applying to gradients,
Curvature, 20–21, 169–174 313–314
Direct Selection, 34, 63–64, 66, 73,
[Link] file, saving, 277
118, 204–205, 391
Ellipse, 11, 23 T-shirt design, opening, 31
Eraser, 122–123, 180, 354 [Link] file, saving, 386
Eyedropper, 226, 261 type. See also fonts; text
Free Transform, 160–161, 163 formatting, 248
Gradient, 305 on paths, 270–271
Group Selection, 78 using on paths, 270–271
Hand, 50 working with, 16–18
hiding, 37
type objects
Join, 180–181
deselecting placeholder text, 244
Knife, 118–121
reshaping, 261
Live Paint Bucket, 235, 237
resizing and reshaping, 259–262
Paintbrush, 177, 334–337
Type tool
Pencil, 177–179
using, 243–245, 255, 364, 372
Polygon, 97–98, 100
using with envelope warp, 269
Puppet Warp, 160, 163–164

460 INDEX
U choosing, 42
deleting, 43
UI Scaling settings, changing, 42
elements of, 33
Undo Cut command, using with paths, panel and context menus, 44
190. See also cutting
panels, 39–41
Undo Pen command, using, 199 Properties panel, 38–39
Unite button, using with shapes, 131 saving, 43–44
units, changing for documents, 151, 155 switching, 42–43
[Link] file, saving, 330 toolbar and tools, 34–37

user interface, adjusting brightness of, 46 wrapping text, 267–268. See also text

V X
V Spacing values, using with patterns, x- and y-axes, 64
325
Z
vector effects, explained, 368. See also
effects Zoom tool, using, 48–49, 61, 390
vector graphics. See also Live Paint zooming in, 46, 324
converting raster images to, 103–106
explained, 30
vector images versus raster images, 411
Vertical Align Bottom button, 74
Vertical Align Center tool, using, 146
Vertical Align Top button, 74, 76
Vertical Distribute Center button, 72–73
view commands, using, 46–47
viewing modes, switching between,
50–51
visibility column, using in Appearance
panel, 362

W
Warp effect, styling text with, 371
warping text, 18–19, 268–270. See also
envelope warp preset
Web Edition, accessing, 3
Width And Height proportions,
Properties panel, 23
Width tool, using, 134–136
[Link] file, creating, 60
workspace switcher icon, 42–43
workspaces
changing after saving, 43

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CLASSROOM IN A BOOK (2021 RELEASE) 461