5.1 Structures and Applications 6.

22
I. STRUCTURES AND
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF IMPORTANT
[Link]. Nameofpolymer Structure of polymer THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS
1 Monomer Important Applications
Polythene (PE) fCH, -H; t: CH, = CH, LDPE. As squeeze bottles for detergents, and
(Ethene) Wrapping material.
HDPE. As anticorrosive packing
for wires and cables, householdmaterial, insulator
and laboratory
wares [like toys, crates, closures, buckets, over head
2
Polypropylene (PP) fCH, -CH - tanks, gas piping, milk bottles etc.]
CH, = CH As Disposable syringes, Accelerator pedals,
bumpers, films for wrapping confectionery boxes, car
CH, CH, chairs etc. items,
3
Polystyrene (PS) fCH, -CH (Propene)
CH, -CH (In foamed form) as
CHs C,H, cushioned packaging anddisposable drinking; cups,
thermal insulator
In impact reinforced form as inner liners
(Styrene) of refrige
rators and radio/TV cabinets ; As raw
4
Poly vinyl chloride material for
preparation of synthetic ion exchange resins.
(PVC) +CH,-CH4
-0
CH, =CH Rigid PVC. For making window
bottles, safety helmets, pipes etc. frames; doors,
(Vinylchloride) Plasticized PVC. For making kitchen upholstery,
bathroom curtains, ladies hand bags ENGINEERING
CHEMISTRY
insulation of domestic wires and cables. and for
5
Polymethylmethacrylate
(PMMA) CH,
CH, Medical Applications. Dentures, hard
| ucite /Plex iglecs+CH,-C lenses, artificial eyes. contact
CH, =C
Automative
light fittings, Applications. Housing for rear lamps,
COOCH, cOOCH, etc.
(Methyl methactylate) As substitute of glass. As
plexiglass or Lucite for
making TV screerns, wind screens etc.

|[Link]. Name ofpolymer

6 Structure of polymer
Polytetrafluoroethylene Monomer
(PTFE) or Teflon +CF,-CF CF,= CF, As insulating Important Applications POLYMERS
materials for
transformers,
7
Nylon-6 (Tetrafluoroethylene) fittings, etc., As non-stick coatings for
cables, wires,
gaskets and seals, For stop-cock of frying pans, As
H
In making tyre burettes.
cords, ropes,fibres and plastics.
NH- (CH);-Ct
8 (CH2)5 /
Nylon-66 (Caprolactum)
HOOC (CH)4 -COOH
Adipicacid As fibers :
+C- (CH), -C - NH- + threads andAutomobile tyre
fibers for socks,cards, parachute rupes,
9
Poly ethylene terephthalate
(CH),-NH HN -(CH))% - NH2 carpets. As plastics: As metal undergarments, And
Hexamethylene diamminebearings, rollers, slides and substitute for gears and
(PET) or Terylene or Decron door latches.
HOOC. As plastics. For
-COOH magnetic recordingmaking bottles for cola drinks,
tapes,
Terephthalic acid machines, toasters etc. As [Link] for coffee
C-0-CH, -CH,-0 +

HO- CH2 -CH2-OH

and garments ; tyre cords, tents For
etc.
polyester shirts
10
Poly acrylonitrile (orlon) (Ethylene glycol)
fCH, =CH+ CH, =CH
For making
CN
syntheticfibers and synthetic wool.
(Acrylonitrile)
 6.24
II. STR¯CTURES AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF IMPORTANT THERMOSETTING POLYMERS
[Link]. Name of polymer Structure of polymer Monomer Important applications
Bakelite (PF resins) HCHO "Electrical fittings :Switches, plugs, heater
OH OH
(Formaldehyde) handles, switch boards.
CH2
CH2 As abrasive wheels, sand paper and brake
linings.
" As moulded objects :Cabinets for radio/
Phenol TV,telephone and automobile parts.
" As core binders in foundries (when mixed
with sand).
For the manufacture of ion exchange
resins for water softening.
2 Urea formaldehyde resin (UF resins) HCHO "As moulded articles: Vacuum flask cups,
- N- CH2- N- CH2-N-CH2 (Formaldehyde) bottle caps, buttons.
+
NH,CONH, As adhesives: For plywood and laminating.
O=C C=0
(Urea) For the manufacture of cation exchange
resins.
-N-CH2 -N- CH) -N-CH2
3 Melamine-formaldehyde " For making plastic crockery:Un-breakable
HCHO
resin (MF resins)
Formaldehyde
cups and plates. ENGINEERING
CHEMISTRY
As tanning material for leather for strength
HN -NH- CHt improvement.
H2N NH,
For manufacture of decorative laminates,
N N And preparation of lacquers.

HN
NH2
(Melamine)

[Link]. Name ofpolymer Structure of polymer Monomer Important applications POLYMERS

4 Epoxy resins CH2- CH-CH-CH;CI As principal constituent of fibr-reinforced
plastics (FRP's).
CHis Epichlorohydrn For industrial floorings, foams.
For electrical insulation.
O-CH-CH- CH-0 As Excellent structural adhesives.
CH3
CH3

CH:
(Bisphenol-A)

6.25
 6.26
II. STRUCTURES AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF IMPORTANT ELASTOMERS
[Link]. Name of Polymer Structure of Polymer Monomner Important Applications
CH)= CH-CH=CH2 In making footwear shoe soles
1. Styrene butadiene rubber fCH, -CH =CH -CH;- CH-CH;-+ and automobile tyres of lighter
(Butadiene)
+ duty, for making hose, floor
(SBR or Buna-S) CsHs
CH) = CH tiles, carpet backing.
CoH5
(Styrene)
For manufacture of hoses and
2 Nitrile rubber fCH2-CH =CH-CH2 -CH-CHp+ CH) = CH - CH-CH,
(Butadiene) tank linings, In making oil seals,
(Buna-N) gasoline hoses, gaskets, fuel
(NBR or GR-A) CN +
CH2 = CH tanks etc.

CN
CH)=C -CH= CH For making conveyor belts and
3 Neoprene or GR-M fCH2-C-CH-CH24 printing rollers, For making
CI tubings for carrying corrosive
CI
(Chloroprene) gases and oils, Its latex is used
for the manufacture of gloves
and 'coated fabrics, And it is
oil resistant wire and
ENGINEERING
CHEMISTR
used
cable coatings.
For making inner tubes of tires,
CH3
CH) = C(CH3)2 For wire and cable insulation,
4 Butyl rubber (GR-I) Isobutene
And for lining of tanks, hoses
+CH,-C -CH2-C=C- CH; + CH) =C-CH= CH2 etc.

CH CH3 H
CH3
Isoprene

POLYMERS
Monomer Important Applications
Name of Polymer Structure of Polymer
[Link]. HO (CH2)4 - OH " Flexible foam as upholstery
5. Polyurethane (PU) or 1,4-Butane-diol material for furniture, pillows,
Perlon-U + matteresses, etc.
OCN- (CH2)6 - NCO " Rigid foam as core material
0 H HO}
1-6-Hexamethylene diisocy anate for insulation in refrigerated
appliances.
to-cty-o-0-C-N-(CH2)6- N-C+ As fibers for making
foundation garments and swim
wear.
In encapsulation of
integrated-circuit devices
used in
'" In medical field,
dental nmaterials,artificial heart
and skin

6.2