▪ At the end of this chapter, the students should be
able to:
▪ learn how to analyze problems;
▪ determine the given and what is ask in the problem;
▪ determine the appropriate strategies in solving a
problem;
▪ check the correctness of the answer in a problem;
and
▪ apply the four stages in solving problems.
Problem 1
▪ One number is 17 less than another; their sum is 125. What are the numbers?
Understand the Problem:
✓ One number is 17 less than another.
✓ What do I know?
✓ The sum is 125
✓ What do I need to find out?
✓ The value of the 2 numbers.
Devise a Plan:
✓ Write a number sentence
✓ Select a strategy! Let:
x be the number
x – 17 be the other number
Carry Out the Plan:
x + ( x – 17 ) = 125
2x – 17 = 125
2x = 125 + 17
2x = 142
✓ Do the calculation! x = 71
Then:
x – 17 = 54
Therefore:
The two numbers are 54 and 71.
Looking Back:
x + ( x – 17 ) = 125
✓ Does my answer make 71 + ( 71 – 17 ) = 125
sense? 71 + 54 = 125
125 = 125
Problem 2
▪ Find three consecutive integers whose sum is 378.
Understand the Problem:
✓ Three consecutive integers.
✓ What do I know?
✓ The sum is 378.
✓ What do I need to find out?
✓ The value of the 3 numbers.
Devise a Plan:
✓ Write a number sentence
Let:
✓ Select a strategy! x be the 1st number
x + 1 be the 2nd number
x + 2 be the 3rd number
Carry Out the Plan:
x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 378
3x + 3 = 378
3x = 378 – 3
3x = 375
x = 125
✓ Do the calculation! Then:
x + 1 = 126
x + 2 = 127
Therefore:
The three numbers are
125, 126 and 127.
Looking Back:
x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 378 mmm
125 + (125 + 1) + (125 + 2) = 378 mmm
✓ Does my answer make sense?
125 + 126 + 127 = 378 mmm
378 = 378mm
Problem 3
▪ Find two consecutive odd numbers such that the sum of the
larger number and twice the smaller number is 23.
Understand the Problem:
✓ What do I know? ✓ Two consecutive odd numbers.
✓ The sum is 23.
✓ What do I need to find out? ✓ The value of the 2 numbers.
Devise a Plan:
✓ Write a number sentence
Let:
✓ Select a strategy!
x be the smaller odd number
x + 2 be the larger odd number
Problem 3
▪ Find two consecutive odd numbers such that the sum of the
larger number and twice the smaller number is 23.
Carry Out the Plan:
2x + (x + 2) = 23
3x + 2 = 23
3x = 23 – 2
3x = 21
✓ Do the calculation! x=7
Then:
x+2=9
Therefore:
The two numbers are 7 and 9.
Looking Back:
2(7) + 9 = 23
✓ Does my answer make sense? 14 + 9 = 23
23 = 23
Problem 4
▪ Find three consecutive odd integers such that three times the first plus two
times the second, equals three times the third integer increased by 18.
Understand the Problem:
✓ What do I know? ✓ Three consecutive integers.
✓ The value of the 3 numbers.
✓ What do I need to find out?
Devise a Plan:
✓ Write a number sentence
Let:
✓ Select a strategy! x be the 1st number
x + 2 be the 2nd number
x + 4 be the 3rd number
Problem 4
▪ Find three consecutive odd integers such that three times the first plus two
times the second, equals three times the third integer increased by 18.
Carry Out the Plan:
3x + 2(x + 2) = 3(x +4) + 18
3x + 2x + 4 = 3x + 12 + 18
5x + 4 = 3x + 30
5x – 3x = 30 – 4
2x = 26
✓ Do the calculation! x = 13
Then:
x + 2 = 13 + 2 = 15
x + 4 = 13 + 4 = 17
Therefore:
The three numbers are 13, 15 and 17.
Looking Back:
3x + 2(x + 2) = 3(x +4) + 18
3(13) + 2(13 + 2) = 3(13 +4) + 18
✓ Does my answer make sense? 39 + 2(15) = 3(17) + 18
39 + 30 = 51 + 18
69 = 69
Problem 5
▪ Three times a number is two more than twice the other. If the sum of the
numbers is nineteen, what are the numbers?
Understand the Problem:
✓ What do I know? ✓ There are two numbers.
✓ The sum is 19.
✓ What do I need to find out? ✓ The value of the 2 numbers.
Devise a Plan:
✓ Write a number sentence
Let:
✓ Select a strategy!
x be number
y be the other number
Problem 5
▪ Three times a number is two more than twice the other. If the sum of the
numbers is nineteen, what are the numbers?
Carry Out the Plan:
3x = 2y + 2
3x – 2y = 2 eq. 1
x + y = 19 eq. 2
Add equation 1 and 2 times 2:
3x – 2y = 2
2x + 2y = 38
5x = 40
✓ Do the calculation! x= 8
From equation 1:
x + y = 19
y = 19 – x
y = 19 – 8
y = 11
Therefore:
The two numbers are 8 and 11.
Problem 5
▪ Three times a number is two more than twice the other. If the sum of the
numbers is nineteen, what are the numbers?
Looking Back:
3x = 2y + 2
3(8) = 2(11) + 2
✓ Does my answer make sense?
24 = 22 + 2
24 = 24