December,

March, 2015
2013

Guidelines on use of
Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

Central Public Works Department (CPWD)

Indian Buildings Congress (IBC)
Consulting Engineers Association of India (CEAI)
Confederation of Construction Products and Services (CCPS)
Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

First Edition : November 2007

Second Print : January 2008

Third Print : April 2008

Second Edition : May 2009

Reprint : October 2009

Third Edition : March 2013

(With modified sketches and suggestions for fire safety)
Reprint : December 2015

Price : ` 300.00

© Confederation of Construction Products and Services (CCPS)

All rights reserved. Neither this document nor any part may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission
in writing from CCPS.

Glass and Glazing Secretariat

Deepak Gahlowt, [Link], Shashi Kant,
Birendra Prasad, Sumit Bhatia, Ankita Bhattacharya,
Anuradha Jha, Milton Sarkar, Sarita Balodhi

Layout and Cover Design

SNGRAPHIX, 9891299959

Cover Photo
Deepak Gahlowt

Confederation of Construction Products and Services

S1&S2, 2nd floor, Abhishek Tower, D-II, Alaknanda Commercial
Complex, New Delhi - 110019
Tel: +91-11-26023615, TeleFax: +91-11-26021709
email: ccps@[Link]
Website: [Link]
 CONTENTS
Foreword 5

Preface to the third edition 7

Preface to the second edition 9

Preface 11

1.0 Scope 12

2.0 Safety Glass 12

3.0 Application / Installation 13

4.0 Identification of Safety Glass 14

5.0 Critical Locations 14

Summary 18

Annexure 1 : Sketches of examples for cases 1 to 5, Table A 20

Annexure 2 : Correlation between maximum glass area and glass thickness

(Impact Load) 23

Annexure 3 : Safety Glass Test Requirements 25

Annexure 4 : Suggestions for Fire Safety 26

Annexure 5 : Definitions 27

Annexure 6 : References 33

List of Steering Committee Members / Special Invitees 34

List of Expert Committee Members 36

 FOREWORD
“Guidelines on use of glass in buildings-Human safety” has been brought out
by CCPS through consensus approach involving all stake holders, representatives from
CPWD, various PWDs and other Govt. departments etc. The use of glass in buildings
has increased manifolds. The worldwide increase in use of glass has become a matter of
concern from human safety point of view.

Recognizing the gravity of the problem and uncertainty faced by the Engineers,
Architects and users, the guidelines for selection of appropriate safety glass suitable for a
particular location has been brought out.

CPWD has already issued OM dated 18/02/2008 to all the officers in the department
to promote awareness about Human safety while finalizing specifications for glazing. Govt.
of Andhra Pradesh has also issued GO no.205 dated 27/02/2009 to ensure safe use of
glass in buildings by following these guidelines.

The guidelines were reviewed by the Expert Committee constituted under

the Chairmanship of Shri P. B. Vijay, former DG(W), CPWD which has representations
from CPWD, CCPS, IBC and CEAI, and has suggested few modifications. Accordingly,
guidelines have been reprinted in the present form and available for implementation. The
purpose of guidelines is not to sell more safety glass but to exhibit the wide choice that
exists and allow the use of annealed glass with precautions in order to reduce the risk of
accidents.

I appreciate the efforts of the CCPS for bringing out these guidelines. I am sure
these guidelines shall be useful to the architects, engineers, builders not only of Govt.
Departments but also from the private sector. The adoption of these guidelines will
definitely create confidence amongst engineers and architects for ensuring the safe use of
glass while proposing glass in buildings.

New Delhi (D.S. Sachdev)

May, 2009 Director General (Works), CPWD
 National Disaster Management Authority
T. NANDA KUMAR, IAS (Retd.) Government of India
Member NDMA Bhawan
A-1, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi - 110029
Tel: +91-11-26701782
Fax: +91-26701783
Email: tnandakumar@[Link]

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION

India as one of the fastest growing economies in the world, is witnessing entry of new products
and technologies in the building materials market on a regular basis. It is not always possible, nor
is it desirable for the Government to develop standards for all of them. Developing and evaluating
standards through a public-private partnership by academic institutions, confederations,
non-profit organizations, industries and experts is the way forward to safe-guard the interest of
consumers, professionals and producers.

I am glad that Confederation of Construction Services (CCPS) - a ‘not for profit” organization
took the lead and initiated this project and developed “Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings
Human Safety” through PPP mode adopting a consensus approach suggesting ways to regulate
glass in relation to human safety by either, restricting use of glass or specifying Safety Glass
at critical locations where chances of injury due to impact and glass breakage are high. The
imperative is ‘buildings should be safe!’.

Looking at the volume of the glass being used in building industry, the relevance of these
Guidelines have become more pertinent and attracted the attention of policy makers and
professionals. I am informed that so far these Guidelines have been mandated by 13 States,
Central and State Government departments and PSUs which include Government of Andhra
Pradesh, Government of Rajasthan, Central PWD, Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation,
NBCC, Airport Authority of India, Government of Manipur PWD, Government of Delhi PWD,
Delhi Development Authority, Rajasthan Housing Board, Town Planning Department, GoR,
Haryana PWD, A & N Islands PWD.

CCPS is bringing out the third edition of the Guidelines incorporating the latest provisions
and modifications in the field. I hope that more State Governments/UTs and departments will
come forward and include the recommendations of the Guidelines in the Building Byelaws/
specifications for strict compliance and implementation to ensure human safety while using
glass in buildings. I appreciate the efforts of CCPS and support of AGP-AIGMF to shoulder the
responsibility of such an important human safety issue and I am sure that these Guidelines will
act as a beacon to the building professionals.

T. Nandakumar
Member
New Delhi National Disaster Management Authority
March 2013 New Delhi
P. B. Vijay A-39/B DDA Flats
B.E. (Hons), M. Tech. (Struct.) FIE, MICA Munirka
Former Director General, Central PWD New Delhi - 110 067

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

Guidelines on Use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety, brought out by Confederation
of Construction Products and Services in November 2007 have drawn the attention of all
concerned including Government Departments, Bureau of Indian Standards and professionals
in the Country. To create awareness and implement these Guidelines through inclusion in
Building Byelaws and Specifications, CCPS approached various Ministries, Central and State
Government Departments, Development Authorities, Municipalities, Professional Societies,
Builders, Individuals etc.

Since the main concern was of human safety, an Expert Committee was constituted in May
2008 to review and analyse the CCPS Guidelines, having representations from Indian Building
Congress (IBC), Consulting Engineers Association of India (CEAI), Central Public Works
Department (CPWD), Confederation of Construction Products and Services (CCPS) and other
stake holders. Expert Committee met over five meetings and suggested amendments which
have been included in this modified edition.

The Guidelines are practical, relevant and easy to use. I am sure that these Guidelines would
prove very useful for the construction industry. I also hope keeping in view the spectacular
increase in use of glass in buildings, Local Bodies and Government Departments will come
forward to include provisions from these Guidelines in their Building Bylaws and Specifications
to ensure human safety.

I am grateful to Sh. K.K. Kapila, President, IBC and CEAI for his initiative in getting the document
examined through an Expert Committee. I am thankful to all the Committee Members for their
valuable inputs in improving the basic document prepared by the CCPS. I specially thank
Sh. D.S. Sachdev, Director General, Central PWD for providing expert opinion and endorsing
the document for adoption by the professionals. The support of Indian Glass Manufacturers’
Association (IGMA) for this project is appreciable.

New Delhi (P.B. Vijay)

May, 2009 Chairman, Expert Committee
 PREFACE
The Confederation of Construction Products and Services (CCPS) with the support of I Glass is happy to release
“Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety”.

In the modern lifestyle, increased Glass use in buildings offers many advantages. Those who spend more time indoors
have intuitively understood benefits of improved daylight and vision on human psychology and health, and recent
research findings underscore these indisputably. However this increased use of glass in Indian buildings is not without
risks. Wrong selection of glass type is widespread and does result in increased heat gain/loss in buildings and the higher
risk of injuries to humans. These are side affects that the building industry is only recently beginning to recognize in
India.

The Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, prepared by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency that sets minimum
efficiency standards for external wall, roof, glass structure, lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning of the
commercial buildings, is a good beginning in the area on energy conservation. CCPS was also actively involved in the
preparation of the ECBC. However the risk of human injury associated with the increased glass use was out of scope
of the ECBC, and remains unaddresed by this or any of the previous standards.

The “Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety” prepared by CCPS thus address a very important need in
the industry. These Guidelines, for the first time in Indian construction industry, have been prepared using the consensus
process entirely lead by the private sector, and supported not only by the industry but also the government and other
stakeholders.

The process has involved the stakeholders in preparing these guidelines through the Steering Committee, which has
decided the scope and the methodology, and at each stage suggested the changes and approved the drafts. In order to
ensure the integrity of the process the changes at each stage were discussed and minutes have been documented. The
meetings have been held at Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore, so as to ensure the participation of various organizations
and professionals throughout India.

Finally for a period of one month the draft guidelines were made available for public review. The guidelines have been
sent to over 1000 architects, builders, contractors, government officials from municipalities, development authorities
and others for comments. The feedback received has been presented to the Steering Committee and the final draft in
the form of this publication has been approved in the steering committee meeting held on the 2nd November, 2007.
A decision has also been taken to setup a review mechanism for regularly updating the guidelines in view of changes
in the building environment and capabilities in the industry. This will ensure that the document remains updated and
answers the need of times in the future also.

We would like to thank all the members of the Steering Committee, special invitees and all those who have taken some
time out from their busy schedule to contribute to making of this document. Without their interest and efforts, this
guideline would not have taken shape. I would also like to thank the Secretariat at CCPS that has worked to research
and draft and redraft the document; and has coordinated and brought on one platform a very distinguished Steering
Committee.

I believe that this document will be helpful to all those who are specifying glass for use in buildings and those who are
manufacturing and processing glass for buildings and ultimately will help us improve safety and well being of the users.

We will look forward to your comments and suggestions for improvements in days to come.

Deepak Gahlowt, Architect,

Convener New Delhi
Confederation of Construction Products and Services (CCPS) November 2007
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

1.0 Scope 2.2 The following are the products in the scope of
this document that may be used in safety glazing
1.1 The scope of these guidelines covers minimum provided they meet the Bureau of Indian Standards
human safety requirement subjected to various kinds (BIS) conditions and are marked accordingly. Safety
of human impact, precautions against risk of fall and glass shall be of four types as follows:
falling glass. Conditions outside of ‘human impact’
are not in the purview of this document. a) Toughened Safety (Tempered) Glass (TS),
b) Toughened Float Safety Glass (TF),
1.2 This guide does not assume that the safety glass c) Laminated Safety Glass (LS), and
used in accordance to this document will not be d) Laminated Float Safety Glass (LF).
broken under all human impact conditions, rather: (IS : 2553, Part 1)
(Glass at ‘b’ & ‘d’ shall be preferred, since glass at
a) It will not be broken under most likely forms ‘a’ & ‘c’ are commercially obsolete.)
of human impact, and
b) Even if it breaks the likelihood of cutting or 2.2.1 Toughened (Tempered) Safety Glass : A single
piercing injuries will be minimized by virtue piece of specially heat-treated glass, with a stress
of the protection given to the glass, or by the pattern such that the piece when fractured reduces to
limited size or by the fracture characteristics numerous granular fragments, with no large jagged
of the glass. edges.
(IS : 2553, Part 1)
1.3 Further this guide does not deal with the safety
and security of people or goods in relation to risks of: 2.2.2 Laminated Safety Glass : Two or more pieces of
glass held together by an interleaving layer or layers of
a) Vandalism, riots, burglary or break in plastic materials. The laminated glass will crack and
protection, break under sufficient impact, but the pieces of glass
b) Fire arm protection, tend to adhere to the plastic and do not fly. If a hole is
c) Protection from explosion (terrorist attack), produced, the edges are likely to be less jagged than that
d) Natural disasters like Earthquake, Cyclone, would be the case with ordinary glass.
Fire etc., and (IS : 2553, Part 1)
e) Plastic glazing, safety and security glazing etc.
2.3 Safety glass can be flat or curved and of any type
1.4 In circumstances wherein the requirements of which includes Clear, Tinted, Coated, Frosted,
other standards exceeds the requirements of this Decorative or Mirror. TS and TF glasses shall satisfy
guideline and in such cases the higher requirement the relevant resistance to shock test, fragmentation
shall become applicable. For preliminary suggestions test and warp test and LS and LF glass shall comply
on fire safety refer Annexure 4. with light stability test, boil test and fracture and
adhesion test in accordance with IS 2553 (Part 1).
1.5 The use of this document must also be in
conformity with all other relevant codes on fire 2.4 PRECAUTIONS
safety, structural stability, natural disasters, safety
and security etc. 2.4.1 All heat strengthened/heat-treated glasses are not
safety glasses and all laminated, toughened and safety
organic coated glasses are not safety glasses.
2.0 Safety Glass Heat strengthened glasses are not classified as safety
glasses unless laminated to meet the tests specified for
2.1 Glazing material constructed, treated or combined safety glass in Annexure 3 of this document. Glass
with other materials so as to reduce, in comparison laminated with other than polyvinyl butyral (PVB) may
with ordinary sheet, float or plate glass, the not classify the requirement of safety glass. Only glass
likelihood of injury to persons by objects from that meets the test criteria as defined at Annexure
exterior sources or by these safety glasses when they 3, Table F is expected to qualify as safety glass.
may be cracked or broken.

12
3.0 Application/Installation a) The properties of materials, in particular their
breakage characteristics,
1 b) Structural integrity of glazing systems
3.1 GENERAL SAFETY CONSIDERATION
CONSIDERATION1
supporting the glass,
3.1.1 Many human impact injuries are due to failure c) The type of the building and its use, in
to take
take reasonable
reasonable safety safety precautions.
precautions. Some
Some materials, particular the number and likely behaviour of
materials, such as
such as glass, glass,
may mayunder
break breakimpact
under impact
and causeand the people
people expected
expectedtotobebeininclose
close proximity
proximity to
cause
[Link]. Most people
Most people are aware
are aware of thisofand
thistreat
and such
treat to the glass in critical locations,
the glass in critical locations,
such materials
materials with duewithcare.
due However
care. However a person’s
a person’s ability d) Requirements for fire, security and wind
ability to perceive
to perceive this potential
this potential risk andrisk
to and
copetowith
copeitwith
can loading,
it canSafety
vary. vary. Safety standards
standards are therefore
are therefore based onbased on a
a number e) Thermal breakage, energy efficiency and
of factorsofincluding
number the assumption
factors including of a reasonable
the assumption of a deflection, vision, acoustics and other
level of awareness
reasonable and behaviour
level of awareness and also and
and behaviour suitable
also consideration, and
product design
suitable productand choice
design andofchoice
materials.
of materials. f) Impact of trolleys, carts, luggage etc. have to
be considered when required.
3.1.2 Accident statistics show that glazing in some
locations in buildings is more vulnerable to human 3.3 INSTALLATION OF GLASS
INSTALLATION OF GLASS
impact than in others. These critical locations are:
3.3.1 Design of ofthe
theglazing
glazing system
system should
should be such
be such that
a) In-and-around doors (particularly side panels that
it hasitthe
hasability
the ability
to hold to hold
glass glass and
in place in place and
prevent it
may be mistaken for doors), and from falling
prevent outfalling
it from as a whole.
out as a whole.
b) At low levels in walls and partitions.
3.3.2 For guidance on installation of glass following
3.1.3 The designer
designer or specifier,
or specifier, should
should take take
precautions standards may be referred.
precautions
to reduce thetoriskreduce the risk
of injuries from of injurieshuman
accidental from
impact in these
accidental human locations
impact by:
in these locations by: a)
a) IS
IS :: 3548
3548 --1988
1988(Reaffirmed
(Reaffirmed2009)
2009)- -Code
Codeofof
Practice for Glazing in Buildings,
a) Selecting glass of a suitable type, thickness b) IS ::10439
10439- 1983
- 1983 - Code
- Code of Practice
of Practice for
for Patent
and size, primarily with reference to impact Patent
Glazing,Glazing,
behaviour and safety characteristics as c) BS : 8213 - Part 4 - 1990 - Windows, Doors
established by testing in accordance with this and Rooflights - Code of Practice for the
guide, Installation of Replacement Windows and
b) Providing mechanical protection to glass in Doorsets in Dwellings,
critical locations to prevent fall of glass under d)
d) BS
BS :: 6262
6262 -- Part
Part 66 -- 1997
1997 -- Code
Code of
of Practice
Practice for
for
impact, and Glazing for Buildings - Special Applications,
Glazing for Buildings - Special Applications,
c) Enhancing a person’s
a person’s awareness
awareness of the
of the presence e) BS : 8000 - Part 7 - 1990 - Workmanship on
presence
of glass byofincorporating
glass bymanifestation
incorporating
as Building sites - Code of Practice for Glazing,
mentioned in clause
manifestation 3.4. in clause 3.4.
as mentioned f) AS : 1288 - 2006 - Section 8 and 9 - Glass in
Buildings - Selection and Installation,
3.1.4 Glass in in locations
locationsother
otherthan
thancritical locations
critical is
locations g) BS : 5516 - 1 - 2004 - Patent Glazing and
not likely
is not likelyto tobebesubjected
subjected toto human
human impact
impact and Sloped Glazing for buildings - Code of
consequently not likely to cause injury. practice for design and installation, and
h) Glass Association
Association of America
of North North
1
3.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION1 America Installation
Installation Guide. Guide.
2
3.2.1 The principal design considerations to be taken MANIFESTATION2
3.4 MANIFESTATION
into account by the designer, or specifier, when
selecting glass should be: 3.4.1
3.4.1 Presence
Presenceofofglass
glassin in
a door, sideside
a door, panelpanel
or a or a
panel capable
capable ofofbeing
beingmistaken
mistakenforfor
a doorway or or
a doorway
1
related to
BS 6262: Part 4: 1994 - Code of Practice for Glazing for Buildings - Safety related
1 to Human
Human Impact
Impact
AS:
2
2 : 1288-2006, Glass in Building - Selection and Installation
AS: : 1288-2006, Glass in Building - Selection and Installation, IS 16231 (Part 4): 2014
13
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

opening, which are not made apparent by transoms, 4.2 Either a label that cannot be removed and reused
colonial bars, other components of glazing system or or a permanent mark on the glass surface shall mark
other decorative treatment, such as being opaque or all the panels of safety glass according to Bureau of
patterned, the glass be marked to make it visible. Indian Standards (BIS).

3.4.2 Marking shall be in the form an opaque band not 4.3 Each label must contain the ISI mark as
less than 20 mm in height and located so that the prescribed by the BIS, manufacturers name,
vertical distance from the floor level is not less than 700 registered trademark or code of the manufacturer or
mm from the upper edge of the band and not more than supplier, type of safety glass material, the standard or
1200 mm to the lower edge of the band. guidelines to which the safety glass has been tested
and the grade of test classification.
3.4.3 The band shall be such that it is readily
apparent and it can be achieved by contrasting the
band with background or by increasing height of 5.0 Critical Locations
band. Safety glazing cannot be substituted by making
the glass visible by marking. 5.1 DEFINITION

3.4.4 A band or marking is not required where any 5.1.1 Critical locations are parts of a building most
one of the following applies: likely to be subjected to accidental human impact.

a) Height of the glass is not greater than 1000 5.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CRITICAL
3
mm at any part from floor level, LOCATIONS
b) The width of the glass is not greater than 500
mm at any part (this applies to overall panel Where any glazing is within 1.5 metre above the floor
assembly - not individual glass pieces in case level of a building, it is considered likely to be subjected
of faceted glazing), to human impact and hence, shall comply with the
human impact safety requirements of this guide. Safety
c) Where there is no glass within 750 mm of the
glazing material should also be used:
floor, and
d) The glass is provided with at least one fixed a) Where there is danger of falling infill glass
glazing bar, firmly attached to the styles to materials from overhead glazing,
locate and protect each face of the glass. At b) The danger of falling due to a change in floor
least one transom (glazing bar) shall be level, and
located with its upper edge not less than 500 c) In case of balustrades, stairs and floors.
mm and its bottom edge not more than 1000
mm above the floor level. The glazing bar 5.2.2 Accident statistics show that the glazing in
shall have a face width not less than 40 mm ± some locations in buildings are more vulnerable to
3 mm. human impact than in others. These critical locations,
some of which have been shown in Table A, include
3.4.5 Alternatively patterns may be used as an the following:
acceptable form of marking provided it meets the a) In-and-around doors, low windows,
other criteria set in this guideline. b) Door side panels;
c) Panels mistaken for a doorway or opening,
d) Panels at low levels in walls and partitions,
4.0 Identification of Safety e) Bathrooms,
Glass f) Building associated with special activities,
e.g. gymnasia, enclosed swimming pools etc.,
4.1 All Safety glasses shall be procured from certified g) Schools and child care facilities, and
manufacturers and the product shall conform to h) Nursing Homes and care facilities for the
relevant standards. aged and infirmed

3
AS: : 1288-2006, Glass in Building - Selection and Installation

14
5.2.3. Precautions should be taken to reduce the c) Minimizing manual handling of large pieces
injuries that can result from glass breakage by: of glass during installation.

a) Selecting glass of a suitable type, thickness 5.2.4. Based on the above facts and to avoid
and size, confusion regarding the type of the glass use for a
b) Enhancing a person’s awareness of the particular location as mentioned above, this guide has
presence of glass by making glass visible given details in Table A on the basis of five critical
(manifestation), and locations found in common accidental cases.

15
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

Table A - Type of glass to be used at different critical locations/cases (to be read in association with notes only)

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5

Vertical walls with Vertical walls Vertical walls Horizontal or Sloped Glass acting as a
residual protection# Hs < 0.75m & Hs < 0.75m & Hf Glazing balustrade / parapet
or Hs ≥ 0.75m (not Hf ≤ 1.5m >1.5m (human (risk of fall) / railing (human
likely to be subjected (human impact but no impact and risk of impact and risk of
to human impact) risk of fall) fall both) fall both)

Fig. 1 Fig. 4
Fig. 6

Fig. 3
Fig. 8

Fig. 7
Fig. 2 Fig. 5

Type of Any glass* Safety glass Safety glass** Laminated safety glass Laminated safety
glass glass

Examples # Residual protection - Doors - Curtain Walls - Roof (Skylight roof) - Balustrades
is the safeguard - Side Panels - Façade - Ceilings - Parapet
provided to avoid - Curtain Walls - Spandrels - Bus Shelters - Railing
the impact of human - Glazed Area - High Activity - Floors
being to glass. It is - Doors in Bathroom, Area - Stairs
provided on the side a) Fully Framed - High Risk Area - Sloped Facade
of glass where there b) Partially Framed - To avoid risk
are chances of Human c) Frameless
impact. It can be - Façade
achieved by providing - Windows For definition of sloped
protection in form - Internal Partitions glazing please refer to
of a sill structure or and Doors Annexure 5
transom, chair rail or - External Facade and
a grill inside. Refer Doors on ground
note 6 against falling floor, above floors
of glass. with terraces
outside.

Also see sketches at Also see sketches at Also see sketches at Also see sketches at Also see sketches
Annexure 1. Annexure 1. Annexure 1. Annexure 1. at Annexure 1.
*Safety glass is not **Laminated float
mandatory glass is preferred

16
NOTES
NOTESTO TOTABLE TABLE A4 A breakage
(c) Laminated pattern, as itglass
safety breaks shallandgenerally
disintegratesnot
Note 1: ‘Hf
Note 1: ‘Hf ‘corresponds
‘corresponds to to height
height of of fall
fall of of human
human into small and relatively
fall out of fixing. However, where laminated harmless particles.
being or glass in case of
being or glass in case of change in level change in level and However
glass withthick both toughened glass particles
glasses toughened may stay
is used for
‘Hs’ corresponds to the
and ‘Hs’ corresponds to the sill height with sill height with interlocked and fall as lumps
horizontal or sloped glazing, it may crumble of these multiple
NOTES TO TABLE
reference A level.
to floor
floor (c)
as aLaminated
particles and can
blanket and safety
cause glass
fall out ofshall
a minor generally
or medium
fixing in the injurynot
event
reference to level.
Note
Note 1: ‘Hf
2: In ‘corresponds
case of mirror to height
glazing, of fall of human
it should fall
mainly out of
due fixing.
to the However,
weight of the where
cluster. laminated
Note 2: In case of mirror glazing, it should conform
conform to to of failure of both toughened glasses. This
being or glass in case of change in level and glass with both glasses toughened isdesigning
used for
the requirements of other safety glassesglasses
the requirements of other safety unless (c)
factorLaminated
needs tosafety
be glass
considered shallwhilegenerally not
‘Hs’ corresponds to by thea solid
sill height
[Link] horizontal or sloped glazing, it may crumble
itunless it is
is fully fully backed
backed by a solid material. fall out of fixing.
horizontal and sloped glazing. However, where laminated
Note 3: Inreference
case 2 to
andfloor3, level.
if the smaller dimension of glass
as aAny with
blanket both glasses
andglassfall out toughened
of fixing inisshould
used
the for
event
Note 3: In case 2 and 3, if the smaller dimension of the (d) broken in any glazing be
Note 2: theIn case
pane ofismirror
250 mmglazing,
or lessit and
should its conform
area is to
0.5 horizontal
of or
failureimmediately sloped
of both toughened glazing, it may crumble
glasses. This
pane is 250 mm or less and its area is 0.5 sqm removed on breakage.
the or
sqm requirements of other safetyglass glasses as aStrength
blanket and fall out of fixing whileinshouldthe event
or less, less,
glassglass otherotherthanthan safety safety
glass maymay be factor
(e) needs to of bethe considered
glazing system designing be
beunless
used,it provided
is fully backed that bynominal
its a solid material.
thickness is of failure
horizontal of both toughened
[Link] hold glassThis
glasses.
used, provided that its nominal thickness is not
Note 3: In case 2 and 3, if the smaller dimension of such that itand has sloped
the ability in
not thanless 6mm.
than (applicable
6mm. (applicable to glazing)
vertical factor
(d) needs
Anyand broken to glass
be considered while designing
less
the pane is 250 mm or less and its area is 0.5
to vertical place prevent itinfrom
any glazing
falling should out as be a
Note 4: glazing) horizontal
removed and sloped glazing.
Toughened or Laminated safety glass should
sqm or less,or glass other than safety glass may whole. immediately on breakage.
Note 4: Toughened
meet respective Laminated safety
test requirements glass as should
given (d) Any
(e) broken
Strength of glass in any system
the glazing glazing should should be be
be used, provided that its nominal thickness is Note 7: In case
removed of external
immediately laminated
on breakage. glass facades,
meet respectiveIndian
in respective test requirements as given in
standard/specifications such that it has the ability to hold glass in
not less than 6mm. (applicable to vertical openable
(e) Strength portions
of the have glazing to be left at regular
respective
(Annexure 3).Indian standard/specifications place and prevent it from system falling should out as be a
glazing) 3). distances
such that for
it has fire
the fighting
ability and
to hold smoke
glass exhaust.
in place
Note 5: (Annexure
The effective Toughened safety glass thickness whole.
Note 4: Toughened
Note 5: The effective orToughened
Laminatedsafety safety glass should Thisprevent
and portionitshould from fallingbe of out Toughened
asglass
a whole. (Safety
and/or Laminated safety glassglass thickness
configuration Note 7: In case of external laminated facades,
meet respective
and/orbeLaminated test requirements as given in Note 7: In case of external laminated
tempered) glass and clearly indicated by glass facades,
shall determinedsafety case by glasscaseconfiguration
with regard openable portions have to be left at regular
respective Indian standard/specifications
shall be determined case by case with regard openable
suitable visible portions have to be left at regular
making.
to: distances for fire fighting and smoke exhaust.
(Annexure 3). distances
to:
(a) Other solicitations (wind load, snow load, Note 8: If Insulating Glass Unit and
for fire fighting (IGU) smoke exhaust.
is used in
Note 5: The effective
- Other Toughened
solicitations (windsafetyload,glasssnow thickness This portion
This portion should
should be
be of
of Toughened
Toughened (Safety
(Safety
dead load, and human load) situations mentioned in this guide then any
and/or Laminated safety glass configuration tempered) glass
tempered) glass and and clearly indicated by
(b)load, dead load,
The overall and human
dimension (length load)& width of one of the following will clearly
apply: indicated by
shall
- The beoverall
determined
surface) case by(length
dimension case with & regard
width suitable visible making.
i) If IGU is installed in areas subjected to
to:
(c)of
Thesurface)
aspect ratio of the glass (length / width) Note 8: If
humanInsulating
impactGlass on either Unit side(IGU) thenisis both
used the
used in
in
(d) Other
-- The solicitations
The aspect
glazing ratio (wind
fixingoftype load,(length
the (framing,
glass snowbolted situations
panes of the mentioned
mentioned in
unit shallinmeet this guide
thisthe guide then any
then any
requirements one
load,
/system, dead load, and
width) structural system etc.). human load) of
of the
one offollowing
this the following
guide. will will
apply: apply:
The overall
-- The
Note 6: Precautions glazing
againstdimension
fixing
chances (length
type & width
(framing,
of injuries due to i) IfIn IGU
ii) is installed
situations where access in areas
areas subjected
is subjected
restricted to to
to
of surface)
bolted
broken system,
glass falling structural
on people: system etc.). human impact on either
one side of the unit, then only the accessible side then both the
both side
the
- The
Note 6: (a) aspect
Broken
Precautions ratiochances
annealed
against of glass
the glass
offalling(length
injuries onduepeople
to panes
shouldof of the
meetthetheunit
unit shall
shallmeet
requirements meettheoftherequirements
thisrequirements
guide of
can / width)
cause Note 9: this
Enhanceguide.
of this guide. person’s awareness of presence of
broken glassgrievous
falling onorpeople: even fatal injuries;
- Theit is
hence glazing fixing totype (framing, ii) In by situations
situations where manifestation.
where access is
access is restricted
restricted to to
(a) Brokenrecommended
annealed glass use safety
falling onglass
people in glass making visible
bolted
locations
can cause system,
other structural
than defined
grievous or even system
in casefatal 1etc.).
where the
injuries; one sidesideofofthe theunit,
unit,then then
onlyonly the accessible
the accessible side
Note 6: risk
Precautions
hence of it
people against
getting
is recommended chances
hurtto byof injuries
falling
use safety due
glass to in
from
glass side
should should
meet meet the requirements
the requirements of thisof this guide
guide
broken
overhead
locations glass
glazing
other falling on
is high.
than people:in case 1 where
defined Note 9: Enhance person’s person’sawarenessawarenessofof presence of of
presence
(a)
(b) Broken
the risk
Toughened annealed
of people getting
(tempered)glass hurtfalling
by falling
glass on people
has a glass
safe glass by making visible manifestation.
can
from cause
overhead grievous
glazingoris [Link] fatal injuries;
hence it is recommended
(b) Toughened (tempered) to useglasssafetyhasglass
a safe in
locations
breakage other pattern,than defined
as itin case breaks 1 where
and
the risk of people
disintegrates intogettingsmall hurt andby falling glass
relatively
from overhead glazing is high.
harmless [Link] thick toughened
(b)
glassToughened
particles may (tempered) glass hasand
stay interlocked a safe
fall
breakage
as lumps of these multiple particles and and
pattern, as it breaks can
disintegrates
cause a minor or into
medium small injury and mainly relatively
due to
harmless [Link]
the weight of the cluster. thick toughened
glass particles may stay interlocked and fall
as lumps of these multiple particles and can
cause a minor or medium injury mainly due to
the weight of the cluster. 17
4
IS 16231 (Part 4): 2014

17
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

Summary Case 2: Glass used as Vertical Walls (Human Impact

but no risk of fall)
Requirements for Use of Glass in Buildings - Hs < 0.75m and Hf ≤ 1.5m
Human Safety Type of Glass to be used: Safety Glass (TF or LF)

1.0 Scope – The scope of these guidelines covers Case 3: Glass used as Vertical Walls (Human Impact
minimum safety requirements subjected to various and risk of fall both)
kinds of human impact, precautions against risk of fall Hs < 0.75m and Hf >1.5m
and falling glass. Type of glass to be used: Safety Glass (LF preferred)

2.0 Safety Glass – Safety Glass shall be of four types Case 4: Glass used in Horizontal or Sloped Glazing
as follows: (Risk of fall)
Type of glass to be used: Laminated Safety Glass (LF)
a) Toughened Safety (Tempered) Glass (TS),
b) Toughened Float Safety Glass (TF), Case 5: Glass acting as a balustrade, parapet or a
c) Laminated Safety Glass (LS), railing (Human Impact and risk of fall both)
d) Laminated Float Safety Glass (LF). Type of glass to be used: Laminated Safety Glass (LF)

Glass at ‘b’ & ‘d’ shall be preferred, since glass at Residual protection is the protection provided to avoid
‘a’ & ‘c’ are commerically obsolete.) the impact of human being to glass. e.g. sill structure
or transom, balustrade or railing, or grill inside.
3.0 Critical Locations – Critical locations are parts
of a building most likely to be subjected to accidental Hs = Sill height, Hf = Falling height in case of change
human impact. Where any glazing is within 1.5 metre in level between the two sides of glass
above the floor level of building, it is considered likely
to be subjected to human impact and hence, shall 4.0 Manifestation – Clear glass panels capable of
comply with the human impact safety requirements as being mistaken for an unimpeded path of travel should
laid down below. Safety glazing material should also be marked to make them visible by incorporating
be used: manifestation. Manifestation employed shall be in
form of opaque band of size not less than 20 mm in
a) Where there is danger of falling infill glass height and located at vertical distance from floor level
materials from overhead glazing, to not less than 700 mm from upper edge of band and
b) Where there is danger of falling due to a not more than 1200 mm to lower edge of the band.
change in floor level, and The manifestation shall preferably be permanent, e.g.
c) In case of balustrades, stairs and floors. etching of the glazing, but alternatively, if applied
materials are used they shall be durable and not easily
However, if the smaller dimension of pane is 250 removed.
mm or less and its area is 0.50 sqm or less, glass not
conforming to safety requirements can also be used. 5.0 Identification of Safety Glass – All Safety Glass
shall be indelibly and distinctly marked with type
3.1 Classification of Critical Locations – The critical of glass, name or logo to identify the manufacturer,
locations with appropriate types of glass allowed for thickness of glass and BIS certification mark. Stickers
use are listed in the following five cases. are not permitted for these markings.

Case1: Glass used as Vertical Walls (not likely to be 6.0 Safety Glass Test requirements – TS and TF
subjected to Human Impact) glasses shall satisfy the relevant resistance to shock
Hs ≥ 0.75m or with Residual Protection test, fragmentation test and warp test and LS and LF
Type of Glass to be used: Any glass (Safety Glass not glass shall comply with light stability test, boil test
mandatory ) and fracture and adhesion test in accordance with
IS : 2553 (Part 1).

18
7.0 Precautions – The following precautions should be d) In case of external laminated glass
taken to reduce the injuries that can result from glass facades, openable portions have to be left at
breakage by: regular distances as required for fire fighting and
smoke exhaust,
a) Selecting glass of a suitable type, thickness e) When laminated glass with both glass panes
and size, toughened is used for horizontal or sloped
b) Enhancing the person’s awareness of glazing, it may crumble as a blanket and fall
the presence of glass by making glass visible out of the fixing, in the event of failure of both
(manifestation), toughened glasses. Consider this factor while
c) Minimizing manual handling of large pieces of designing.
glass during installation, f) Any broken glass in any glazing should be
removed immediately.

19
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

Annexure 1: Sketches of examples for cases 1 to 5, Table A

CASE 1: Vertical walls - with residual protection or Hs ≥ 0.75m (not likely to be subjected to human impact).

Glass Glass window

Residual protection Hs ≥ 0.75m

Fig.9 Fig.10

Grill Transom

Hs ≤ 0.75m Hs ≤ 0.75m

Fig.11 Fig.12

20
CASE 2: Vertical walls : Hs < 0.75m & Hf ≤ 1.5m. (human impact but no risk of fall).

Glass partition

Glass door/
Glass partition

Hf ≤ 1.5m

Hs < 0.75m

Fig.13 Fig.14

CASE 3: Vertical walls : Hs < 0.75m & Hf > 1.5m. (human impact and risk of fall both).

Curtain glass wall

Glass
Hf > 1.5m
Hf > 1.5m

Hs < 0.75m Hs < 0.75m

Fig.15 Fig.16

21
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

CASE 4: Horizontal or Sloped Glazing (risk of fall).

Glass shelter

Skylight

Glass bus shelter

Fig.17 Fig.18

CASE 5: Glass acting as a balustrade, parapet or a railing (human impact and risk of fall both).

Glass panel in railing

Glass railing

Fig.19 Fig.20

22
Annexure 2: Correlation between maximum glass area and glass
thickness (Impact Load)
The annexure prescribes minimum thickness given in Case 1, Table A, the thickness of
requirement based on area of pane of glass subjected to annealed glass shall be with in the permissible
human impact. The annexure details out the minimum maximum area as defined in Table C below.
thickness requirement for various support condition as
Table C : Maximum Permissible area of Annealed
well as height of residual protection by provision of
Glass corresponding to thickness in case of glass
Sill, Chair Rail, barricade, grill or transoms.
panes supported on all four sides
A: FOUR SIDES FRAMED GLASS Type of Nominal Maximum
Glass Thickness allowable area
In case of framed glass panels supported on four sides (mm) (sqm)
starting between the finished floor level and less than
or equal to 750 mm as described in case 2 & case 3 4 0.8
given in Table A the maximum allowable area of the Annealed 5 1.2
glass panel corresponding to thickness is as follows: Glass 6 2.1
8 3.2
a) Maximum area of normal or annealed glass 10 4.4
less than or equal to 0.5 sqm, 12 6.3
b) The maximum area of the safety glass with
(AS : 1288 - 2006)
respect to its thickness shall be within the
permissible maximum area as defined in the B: TWO / THREE SIDES FRAMED GLASS
Table B below:
In case of glass panel supported on two / three sides
Table B : Maximum Permissible area of Safety
starting` greater than or equal to 750 mm or has a
Glass corresponding to thickness
protection from the finished floor level as given in
Type of Nominal Maximum Case 1, Table A, then annealed glass can be used in
Glass Thickness allowable following cases as mentioned in Table D else tempered
(mm) area (sqm) or laminated glass shall be used.
Table D : Maximum Permissible area of Annealed
4 2
Glass corresponding to thickness in case of glass
5 3
panes supported on all four sides
Tempered 6 4
Safety Glass 8 6
10 8 Nominal Maximum Maximum
12 10 Thickness allowable height allowable glass
(mm) of glass (m) area (sqm)

6 2 6mm < 1.2 0.9

Laminated 8 3 8mm > 1.2 to < 1.6 1.8
Safety Glass 10 5 10mm > 1.6 to < 2 2.7
12 7 (AS : 1288 - 2006)
(AS : 1288 - 2006)
In case of laminated glass the thickness of PVB is not accounted B: FRAMELESS / NON-FRAMED GLASS

c) In case of glass panels supported on all four In case of frameless or non-framed glass panel
sides starting greater than or equal to 750 mm toughened safety or laminated safety glass shall be
or a protection / transom / chair rail is in place used.
permanently from the finished floor level as

23
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

The thickness of safety glass and corresponding C: POINT SUPPORTED GLASS

maximum permissible area is given in the following
Table E: For point fixed system the glass area and glass
thickness shall be determined by the specific strength
Table E : Maximum Permissible area analysis and type of point fixing hardware.
corresponding to thickness in case of frameless
glass panel Note: If Insulating Glass Unit (IGU) is used in
situations mentioned in this guide then any one of
Type of Glass Nominal Maximum the following will apply:
Thickness allowable area i) If IGU is installed in areas subjected to h u m a n
(mm) (sqm) impact on either side then both the panes of the
unit shall meet the requirements of this guide. The
6 3.0 maximum area specified may be multiplied by 1.5
Safety Glass 8 4.5 provided that each of the component glass of the
10 6.0 unit otherwise complies with the relevant paras of
12 7.5 this guideline.
(AS : 1288 - 2006) ii) In situations where access is restricted to one side
of the unit, then only the accessible side should
In all above cases and in cases wherein the glass area meet the requirements of this guide without the
exceeds 7.5 sqm. it is recommended to check and application of above- mentioned factor of 1.5.
determine thickness of the glass using finite element
analysis under wind load as per IS : 875 (Part 3) :1987
(Reaffirmed 1997) for external glazing.

24
Annexure 3: Safety Glass Test Requirements
Relevant tests required for safety glasses are given in Table F below:

Table F

Test Toughened Laminated Standard to be referred

Safety Glass Safety Glass

Resistance to YES -
Shock Test

Fragmentation Test YES -

Warp Test YES -

Boil Test - YES IS : 2553 (Part 1)

Fracture and Adhesion - YES

Test

Light Stability Test - YES

In the above table ‘YES’ indicates test to be conducted.

Boil test for heat strengthened and toughened laminated glass can use laminates from ordinary annealed glass manufactured
simultaneously.

25
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

Annexure 4: Suggestions for Fire Safety

Building Envelope D: PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE LEAPING

A: BUILDINGS WITH CURTAIN GLAZING A curtain wall by its very nature does not provide
effective fire compartmentation and can allow fire to
In case of Buildings with curtain glazing, following leap up across floors from outside. The following may
may be provided: be provided to mitigate the risk:

a) Glazing panels required for venting and a) The use of fire sprinklers mitigate fire leaping.
emergency access from the exterior may Alternatively fire rated assemblies may be
be provided in form of openable panels. provided to prevent transfer of fire to other
Alternatively, knock-out panels are to be sections of the building, and
provided with tempered glass to allow b) In case of unprotected buildings, spandrels of
fracturing of the glass into small pieces, minimum 0.9 m height to be provided with
b) Knock-out panels are identified by a non- insulation or minimum 0.6 m deep projections
removable reflective dot (typically 5 cms in along the external surface of building.
diameter) located in the lower corner of the
glass to be visible from the ground by the fire E: PROTECTION AGAINST FALLING GLASS
fighters, and
c) Space between the slab and façade/glazing In case of a fire in the building, if not contained
mullion/spandrel to be provided with fire quickly, falling glass from affected floor on fire men
stops and fire rated GI backup panel to stop and occupants escaping from the building or others
fire traveling from one floor to another. can become a major cause of concern. Following may
be considered in order to ensure human safety:
B: BUILDING WITH EXTERNAL WINDOWS
a) Providing tempered/toughened glass is the
It is recommended that each enclosed space in best protection, and
buildings, be it residential or non-residential, have an b) Providing laminated glass is also a solution.
egress window large enough for a fire-fighter to climb
in or a person to step out in an emergency.
Internal Fire Compartmentation
C: PERIMETER PROTECTION
The glass proposed to be used for internal fire
The space between the edge of the floor slab and compartmentation should either be low radiation
the façade/glazing, mullion/spandrel to be provided (Class EW) or insulated fire rated glass (Class EI)
with fire stops and fire rated galvanized steel back up conforming to National Building Code of India 2005.
panel or fire rated glass assembly to prevent fire from
travelling across floors.

26
Annexure 5: Definitions
Area : The area of a panel between sightlines after glazing, calculated using the sight size.

Annealed Glass : Another term for “ordinary” glass, most commonly used for float glass.

Aspect Ratio : The ratio of a longer side of panel to its shorter side.

Balustrade : A low wall forming a parapet to a stair, ramp, balcony, raised level or a change in
level.

Back Putty : The portion of the putty remaining between the glass and the depth of the rebate after
the glass has been pushed into position.

Beads or Glazing Beads : A strip of wood, metal or other suitable material attached to the rebate to retain the
glass.

Bite : The width of silicone used to bond the fin or frame member to the edge of the glass
panel.

Bedding Putty : The compound placed in the rebate of the opening into which the glass is bedded.

Bent Glass : Flat glass that has been shaped while into hot cylindrical or other curved shapes.

Bevelling : The process of edge finishing flat glass to a bevel angle.

Block (Setting Block) : A small piece of wood, lead or other suitable material used between the edges of the
glass (generally the bottom edge only) to centralize the glass in the frame (frequently
called a setting block).

Building : A structure, constructed with any matrials whatsoever for any purpose whether
used for any habitation or not and includes - “Assembly building”, which means a
building or part thereof where groups of people congregate or gather for amusement,
recreations, social, religious, patriotic, civil, travel and similar purpose. “Assembly
building” includes buildings of drama and cinema theatre, drive-in-theatres, assembly
halls, city halls, town halls, auditoria, exhibition halls, museums, mangal karyalayas,
skating rinks, gymnasia stadia, restaurants, eating or boarding houses, places of
worship, dance halls, clubs, gymkhanas, road, air, sea or other public transportation
stations and recreation piers.

Business Building : Any building or part thereof used for transaction of business and / or keeping of
accounts and record therefore offices, banks, professional establishments, court
houses being classified as business buildings, if their principal function is transaction
of business and / or keeping of books and records.

Chair Rail : A fixed glazing bar, or rigid push bar, that provides protection from human impact.

Clear Glass : Transparent glass.

27
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

Conbustible Material : The material which when burnt adds heat to a fire when tested for combustibility in
accordance with the IS 3808-1979: Method of Test for non-combustibility of building
materials and National Building Code of India - 2005.

Corridor : It means a common passage or circulation space including a common hall.

Critical Locations : Parts of a building most likely to be subjected to accidental human impact.

Curtain Wall : Non load bearing structure / partition of glass attached in a frame.

Distance Piece : A small piece of wood, lead or other suitable material used to locate the glass between
the bead and the back of the rebate, and prevent lateral movement.

Door : A hinged, sliding or otherwise supported openable barrier providing entrance to and
exit from a building, corridor or room. Doors may be framed or unframed.

Double Glazing : Glazing that incorporates two panels, separated with an air space, for the purpose of
sound insulation or thermal insulation or both.

Edge Polished : Usually applied to flat glass, the edges of which have been polished after cutting.

Edging : Grinding the edge of flat glass, to a desired shape or size.

Exposed Edge : A glass edge that is not covered.

External Wall : An outer wall of a building not being a party wall even though adjoining a wall of
another building and also means a wall abutting on an interior open space of any
building.

Facade : Front or face of the building.

Faceted Glazing : Flat panes of glass installed vertically at an angle to each other, to form a faceted
curve.

Fin : A piece of glass positioned and fastened to provide lateral support.

Fire Resistance : It means the time during which a fire resistant material i.e. material having a certain
degree of fire resistance, fulfills its function of contributing to the fire safety of a
building when subjected to prescribed conditions of heat and load or restraint. The
fire resistance test of structures shall be done in accordance with IS 3809-1979 Fire
Resistance Test of Structures.

Fire Resistant Glass : Ability of glass to prevent the passage of flame, hot gases, smoke and provide radiation
control and/or insulation. The fire rating criteria of any building element is determined
as per the following:

Integrity: Prevention of passage of flames, hot gases and smoke from the fire side to
the non fire side (denoted by the letter E).

28
 Radiation Control: The radiation performance category defined at a qualifying
maximum total heat flux of 15 Kw/Sqm. Values are determined based on measurements
at standard distance of 1.0 metre from the glazed element till the end of standard fire
test time period. This criterion can be achieved by the use of fully insulating fire
resistant glass or by using integrity only glass types with additional radiation reducing
property. Providing integrity along with keeping the radiated heat through the building
element below 15 Kw/Sqm when measured at a distance of 1.0 metre from the building
element (denoted by the letters EW).

Insulation: Providing Integrity along with keeping the average temperatures as

measured by all the thermocouples on the non fire side below 140°C from the initial
temperature considering that no thermocouple records a temperature more than 180°C
from the ambient temperature at any point of time during the test (denoted by the
letters EI).

Fire Separation : It means the distance in metre measured from any other building on the site or from
another site or from the opposite side of a street or other public space to the building.

Flat Glass : A general term covering sheet glass, float glass and various forms of rolled and plate
glass.

Float Glass : A form of flat glass produced by reheating the continuous ribbon of glass whilst it
floats over a bath of molten metal.

Frame : A structure manufactured from timber, metal, glass or other durable material or
combinations of materials such as glass fins and structural sealant, supporting the full
length of a glazed panel edge.
Frameless Glazing : See unframed glazing.

Front Putty : The compound forming a triangular fillet between the surface of the glass and the front
edge of the rebate.

Fully Framed Glazing : Panels that have all edges framed.

Glass : An inorganic, non-metallic material produced by the complete fusion of raw materials
at high temperatures, into a homogeneous liquid, which is then cooled to a rigid,
condition essentially without crystallization.

Glazing : The securing of glass in prepared openings in windows, door panels, partitions and the
like.

Guarding : Glass used to prevent people falling wherever there is a change in floor level by means
of a permanent barrier.

Heat Soaking : Heat Soaking is done on toughened glass by reheating to a temperature of 290oC
and keeping it at this temperature for eight hours and cooling it gradually. The glass
can break spontaneously and without provocation due to possible impurity of Nickel
Sulphide in basic glass used for tempering. This risk of spontaneous breakage can
be minimised by heat soaking process by forcing such glasses to break in the factory
itself.

29
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

Heat Strengthened Glass : Glass which has been heated past its softening point and chilled rapidly to increase its
strength and make it thermally safe, but which breaks like annealed glass.

Heat Strengthened : Laminated Safety Glass utilizing two or more panels of heat-strengthened glass in the
Laminated Safety Glass make up.

High Activity Area : Where multiple human activity takes place.

High Risk Area : Area prone to human injury.

Infill Balustrades : Balustrades in which the supported glass resists an infill pressure and / or point load
applied to the glass panel.

Insulating Glass Unit : The standard configuration for residential and commercial windows consisting of a
(IGU) sealed unit of two panes of glass separated by a metal spacer.

Internal Partition : An interior dividing wall or such portion of an interior dividing wall that is not a door,
side panel, shopfront or atrium wall.

Laminated Glass : A composite material consisting of two or more sheets of glass permanently bonded
together by a plastic interlayer material.

Laminated Safety Glass : Laminated glass that satisfies the requirements for a safety glazing material according
to this guide.

Maximum Thickness : The thickness of a panel of glass at the maximum thickness tolerance.

Manifestation : Any technique for enhancing a person’s awareness of the presence of transparent
glazed areas.

Minimum Thickness : The thickness of a panel of glass at the minimum thickness tolerance.

Mirror : A piece of glass silvered on one side, with a protective paint coating.

Monolithic Glass : A single sheet of flat glass which could be either annealed, toughened or heat
strengthened.

Nominal Thickness : A numeric designation used for reference purposes that indicates the approximate
thickness of glass.

Non-combustible : It means not liable to burn to add heat to a fire when tested for combustibility in
accordance with the IS:3808-1979, Method of Test for non-combustibility of building
materials.

Non-residential Buildings : Buildings other than those defined above such as hotels, hostels, motels, shops, offices,
schools, public assembly buildings, and factories and those parts of the residential
buildings common to a group of dwellings such as common circulation areas in blocks
of two or more flats.

Pane : Single piece of glass cut to size for glazing.

30
Panel : An assembly containing one or more panes.

Parapet : It means a low wall or railing built along the edge of the roof or a floor.

Partition : It means an interior non-load bearing divider, one storey in height or part.

Partly Framed Glazing : Panels that have one or more edges unframed.

Patterned Glass : Rolled glass having a distinct pattern on one or both surfaces.

Rebate : The part of a surround; the cross section of which forms an angle into which the edge
of the glass is received.

Reflective Coated Glass : Glass with metallic or metallic oxide coating applied onto or into the glass surface
to provide reduction of solar radiant energy, conductive heat energy and visible light
transmission.

Residential Buildings : Buildings and such portions of buildings used as separate dwelling houses and flats,
but not incorporating common circulation areas in blocks of two or more flats.

Residual Protection : It is the protection provided to avoid the impact of human being to glass. It is provided
on the side of glass where there are chances of Human impact. It can be achieved by
providing a sill structure or a grill inside.

Safety Organic-coated : A glazing material consisting of a piece of glass coated and permanently bonded on
one or both sides with a continuous polymeric coating, sheet or film, which meets the
test requirements of the safety glazing standards.

Shower doors, Shower : The panels, doors or windows a enclosing or partially enclosing a shower or bath.
screens and Bath enclosures

Side Panel : A panel (operable or inoperable) located adjacent to a doorway. It may or may not be
in the same plane as the doorway.

Skylight : A fenestration surface having a slope of less than 60° from the horizontal plane.
Other fenestration, even if mounted on roof of a building is considered as vertical
fenestration.

Sloped Overhead Glazing : Glazing that is inclined at less than 75 degrees to the horizontal and located, wholly or
partially, directly above an area that may be used by people.

Span : The dimension between supports. For panels supported on all four edges, it corresponds
to the smaller of the sight size dimensions.

Spandrel : That portion of the exterior wall of a multistory commercial building that covers the
area below the sill of the vision glass installation.

Tempered or Toughened : When float glass panels are heated and then cooled rapidly in a controlled
Glass environment.

31
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

Tinted Glass : Normal float glass to which colorants are added during manufacturing process to
achieve tinting and solar radiation absorption properties.

Transom : Horizontal bar of wood, aluminium or stone etc. across a window, door or partition.

Toughened Laminated : Laminated safety glass utilizing two panels of toughened safety glass in the make up.
Safety Glass

Unframed Glazing : Panels without framed edges.

Wardrobe Doors : Doors that provide access to built in storage areas, excluding those fitted to pieces of
furniture that are not built into the building.

Wind Load : Load on glass because of the speed and direction of wind.

Window : It means an opening other than a door, to the outside of a building which provides all
or part of the required natural light, ventilation.

Window Sill : Solid wall (brick or concrete wall) starting from the finised floor level to the base
of first window or structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal metal/
wooden forming the lowest member of a framework or supporting structure.

32
Annexure 6: References
- IS : 2553 (Part 1) - 1990 - Safety Glass - Specification. Glazing for Buildings: Special Applications.
- IS : 2553 (Part 1) - 1990 - Safety Glass - - BS : 952 - For nominal thickness of glass.
- IS : 2835 - 1987 - Specification for Flat Transparent - BS : 952 - For nominal thickness of glass.
Specification. - BS : 8000 - Part 7 - 1990 - Workmanship on Building
Sheet Glass (third revision). - BS : 8000 - Part 7 - 1990 - Workmanship on Building
- IS : 2835 - 1987 - Specification for Flat Transparent Sites - Code of Practice for Glazing.
- IS : 875 (Part 3) Reaffirmed 1997 - Codes for the Sites - Code of Practice for Glazing.
Sheet Glass (third revision). - BS : 5516-1 - 2004 - Patent Glazing and Sloped
Wind Loads. - BS : 5516-1 - 2004 - Patent Glazing and Sloped
- IS : 875 (Part 3) Reaffirmed 1997 - Codes for the Glazing for Buildings - Code of Practice for Design
- IS : 3548 - 1988 (Reaffirmed 2009) - Code of Glazing for Buildings - Code of Practice for Design
Wind Loads. and Installation.
Practice for Glazing in Buildings. and Installation.
- IS : 3548 - 1988 (Reaffirmed 2009) - Code of - BS : 8213 - Part 4 - 1990 - Windows, Doors and
- IS : 10439 - 1983 - Code of Practice for Patent - BS : 8213 - Part 4 - 1990 - Windows, Doors and
Practice for Glazing in Buildings. Rooflights: Code of Practice for the Installation of
Glazing. Rooflights: Code of Practice for the Installation of
- IS : 10439 - 1983 - Code of Practice for Patent Replacement Windows and Doorsets in Dwellings.
- IS : 7760 - 1985 - Specification for steel glass-front Replacement Windows and Doorsets in Dwellings.
Glazing. - BS EN : 12600 - 2002 - Glass in buildings - Pendulum
cabinet. - BS EN : 12600 - 2002 - Glass in buildings - Pendulum
- IS : 7760 - 1985 - Specification for steel glass-front tests - Impact test method and classification for flat
- IS : 3808 - 1979 - Method of Test for non- tests - Impact test method and classification for flat
cabinet. glass.
combustibility of building materials. glass.
- IS : 3808 - 1979 - Method of Test for non- - BS : 7499 - 1991 - Specification for inclusion of glass
- IS : 3809 - 1979 - Fire resistance test of structures. - BS : 7499 - 1991 - Specification for inclusion of glass
combustibility of building materials. in the construction of furniture, other than tablesor
- IS : 14900 – 2000 (Reaffirmed 2005) - Transparent in the construction of furniture, other than tablesor
- IS : 3809 - 1979 - Fire resistance test of structures. trolleys, including cabinets, shelving systems and
float glass - Specifications. trolleys, including cabinets, shelving systems and
- IS : 14900 – 2000 (Reaffirmed 2005) - Transparent wall hung or free standing mirrors.
- IS 16231 (Part 4) : 2014 – Use of glass in Buildings– wall hung or free standing mirrors.
float glass - Specifications. - BS : 7376 - 1990 - Specification for inclusion of
Code of practice Part 4 Safety Related to Human - BS : 7376 - 1990 - Specification for inclusion of
- National Building Code of India 2005. glass in the construction of tables or trolleys.
Impact glass in the construction of tables or trolleys.
- 16 CFR Ch II (1-1-04 Edition) - Part 1201 - Safety - BS EN : 1727 - 1998 - Domestic furniture, storage
- National Building Code. - BS EN : 1727 - 1998 - Domestic furniture, storage
Standards for architectural glazing materials. furniture, safety requirements and test methods
- 16 CFR Ch II (1-1-04 Edition) - Part 1201 - Safety furniture, safety requirements and test methods
- ANSI Z 97.1 - 1984 (R1994) - Safety Glazing. - BS EN : 1153 - 1996 - Kitchen furniture, safety
Standards for architectural glazing materials. - BS EN : 1153 - 1996 - Kitchen furniture, safety
Materials - Used in Buildings - Safety Performance requirements and test methods for built-in and free
- ANSI Z 97.1 - 1984 (R1994) - Safety Glazing. requirements and test methods for built-in and free
Specifications and Methods of Tests. standing kitchen cabinets and work tops.
Materials - Used in Buildings - Safety Performance standing kitchen cabinets and work tops.
- AS : 2208 - 1996 - Safety Glazing Materials in - EN 13501 - 2 Classifications of Fire Resistant glass.
Specifications and Methods of Tests. - EN 13501 - 2 Classifications of Fire Resistant glass.
Buildings. - JIS R 3206 : 1997 - Tempered Glass.
- AS : 2208 - 1996 - Safety Glazing Materials in - JIS R 3206 : 1997 - Tempered Glass.
- AS : 1288 - 2006 - Glass in Buildings - Selection - JIS R 3205 : 1998 - Laminated Glass.
Buildings. - JIS R 3205 : 1998 - Laminated Glass.
and Installation. - DIN 52 337 : Methods of testing flat glass for use in
- AS : 1288 - 2006 - Glass in Buildings - Selection - DIN 52 337 : Methods of testing flat glass for use in
- BS : 6206 - Part 4 - 1995 - Specifications for impact buildings - pendulum impact tests.
and Installation. buildings - pendulum impact tests.
performance requirements for flat safety glass and - Glass Association of North America Installation
- BS : 6206 - Part 4 - 1995 - Specifications for impact - Glass Association of North America Installation
safety plastics for use in buildings. Guide.
performance requirements for flat safety glass and Guide.
- BS : 6262 - Part 4 - 1994 - Code of Practice for - Guidelines for Use of Glass in Buildings, by
safety plastics for use in buildings. - Guidelines for Use of Glass in Buildings, by Dr.
Glazing for Buildings - Safety related to Human Dr. N.K. Garg, Professor, Faculty of Architecture,
- BS : 6262 - Part 4 - 1994 - Code of Practice for N.K. Garg, Professor, Faculty of Architecture, MIT,
Impact. MIT, MAHE, Manipal & Former Head, H & P
Glazing for Buildings - Safety related to Human MAHE, Manipal & Former Head, H & P Division,
- BS : 6262 - Part 6 - 1997 - Code of Practice for Division, Central Building Research Institute (CBRI),
Impact. Central Building Research Institute (CBRI),
Glazing for Buildings: Special Applications. Roorkee, India.
- BS : 6262 - Part 6 - 1997 - Code of Practice for Roorkee, India.

33
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

LIST OF STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERS

A Steering Committee on “Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Part A : Human Safety” was constituted to ensure the integrity of the
process and the acceptance of the recommendations of the committee by the industry. Four meetings of Steering Committee, two in Delhi,
and one each in Mumbai and Bangalore were organized. Apart from the discussion of the draft in Steering Committee meetings, it was
widely circulated amongst the Architects, Engineers and Professionals to solicit comments and views to ensure preparation of documents
useful acceptable and adoptable to the industry.
The role of Steering Committee was to:
1. Guide and support the secretariat in its functioning
2. Assist and advise and if possible share responsibility in background research, analysis, preparation of draft report
3. Review and confirm the draft report
4. Assist and advise on wider feedback to the draft report.
5. Review and confirm the final report

Below is the list of the members of the Steering Committee:

1. Mr. Abhijit Ray, Architect, The Indian Institute of 26. Mr. K. Nagaraj, Architect, CPG Corporation, Bangalore
Architects, Delhi 27. Mr. K.K. Mutreja, Engineer-in-Chief (Retd.), New Delhi
2. Mr. A. B. Bhalerao, Director, Garware Polyester Ltd., Municipal Council (NDMC), Delhi
Aurangabad 28. Mr. K.K. Trivedi, Secretary General, All India Flat Glass
3. Mr. Ajay Patwardhan, GLS Business Manager - India/ Manufacturers Association (AIFGMA), Delhi
ASEAN, EI Dupont India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon 29. Mr. Kiran A. Kadam, Retd Chief Fire Officer, Mumbai
4. Mr. A. K. Jain, Commissioner Planning, Delhi Fire Brigade, Mumbai
Development Authority (DDA), Delhi 30. Mr. Kunwar Narayan, Chief Operating Officer, AIS Glass
5. Mr. A. K. Singhal, Chief Engineer, Public Works Solutions Ltd., Delhi
Department (PWD) - Delhi, Delhi 31. Dr. Leon Jacob, Jacob and Associates Pty. Ltd., Australia
6. Mr. Alok Taparia, AGM Marketing, HNG Float Glass 32. Mr. L. Mahesh, AGM -Planning, Skyline Builders,
Ltd., Delhi Cochin
7. Mr. Amit Malhotra, Managing Director, McCoy Silicones 33. Mr. L. Venkatesh, Architect, C.R Narayanan Rao
Ltd., Delhi Architects and Engineers, Chennai
8. Mr. Anand Jain, Project Manager, Saint Gobain Ltd., 34. Mr. Manjunatha Prasad, GM (Projects), Brigade Gateway,
Chennai Bangalore
9. Mr. Anuj Munot, Director, Kalpataru Properties Private 35. Mr. Mayank K. Tilak, Superintending Engineer (TAS)/
Limited, Mumbai CSQ., Central Public Works Department (CPWD), Delhi
10. Mr. Aprameya Kar, Architect, Unitech Ltd., Gurgaon 36. Ms. Meeta Zaveri, Director, Gras Impex Pvt. Ltd.,
11. Mr. Arun Sharma, Managing Director, Trosifol India Mumbai
Private Limited, Delhi 37. Mr. Nalin Sharma, Architect (Ex), Airports Authority of
12. Mr. Ashok B Lal, Architect, TVB School Of Habitat India (AAI), Delhi
Studies, Delhi 38. Mr. Naren Kumar, Manager - Institutional Sales, Saint
13. Mr. Ashok Kumar, Architect Scientist - Housing & Gobain Ltd., Chennai
Planning, Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 39. Mr. Naveen Keswani, Managing Director, Aluplex India
14. Mr. Ashok Menon, Division Head - Construction Market Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai
Center, 3M India Ltd., Bangalore 40. Mr. N. Gopinath, National Sales Manager, 3M India Ltd.,
15. Mr. Ashok Shintre, Chief Engineer (DP), Municipal Banglore
Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai 41. Mr. N. G. Rao, National Head, Gujarat Guardian Ltd.,
16. Mr. Balbir Verma, Architect, Balbir & Associates, Delhi Delhi
17. Mr. B.L Moolchandani, Chief Engineer 1st, Rajasthan 42. Mr. Nilabh Nagar, Architect, Architect Hafeez
Housing Board, Jaipur Contractors, Mumbai
18. Mr. Deepak Malik, Executive Director, ABC Group, 43. Mr. Nimish Patel, Architect, Abhikram, Ahmedabad
Bangalore 44. Mr. Paresh Misra, HOD - Architectural Division, Gujarat
19. Mr. Deependra Prashad, Architect, Secretary, Guardian Ltd., Delhi
International Network for Traditional Building, 45. Mr. P. Ganesh, Executive Director and Chief Executive
Architecture & Urbanism (INTBAU), Delhi Officer, Glass & Glazing Systems (P) Ltd., Kerala
20. Mr. Dhananjay Dhake, Architect, Construction Catalysers 46. Ms. Pallabi Chandra Sarkar, Director Planning,
Pvt. Ltd., Pune Archimedes India Consultants Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
21. Mr. Feroz Kachwala, Director, FG Glass, Mumbai 47. Mr. Phil Murray, Technical Services Manager, CP Films -
22. Dr. Gerard Savineau, Architectural Applications Manager, Middle East, Africa, India
Saflex Interlayers, France 48. Mr. Phillip Davies, Architectural Director, Asia Pacific,
23. Mr. G. P. Savlani, Resident Director, Confederation of Dupont Australia, China
Real Estate Developers Associations of India, Delhi 49. Mr. Prashant Yadav, Architect, SP Fabricators Pvt. Ltd.,
24. Mr. Ingawale V. D., Executive Engineer, Building Banglore
Proposal Department of M.C.G.M., Municipal 50. Mr. Raj Kapoor, Architect, Department of Architecture,
Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai Public Works Department (B&R), Haryana
25. Mr. Jatinder Wasan, MD, Sky Frames, Delhi 51. Mr. R. K. Gandhi, Chief Engineer, Public Works
Department (B&R), Haryana
34
 52. Mr. R. Raj Dilip, Sr. Architect, Natraj and Venkat, 5. Mr. Gaurav Tyagi, Director, Shiv Shakti Float Glass Pvt.
52. Mr. R. Raj Dilip, Sr. Architect, Natraj and Venkat, 4. Mr. Brijesh Kumar, Sr. Manager, Design, Staralubuild Pvt
Chennai Ltd., Bangalore
53. Chennai
Mr. R. Subramanian, Director (Operations), Sejal 6. Ltd, Gurgaon Proprietor, Giriyappa and Associates,
Mr. Giriyappa,
53. Mr. R. Subramanian, Director (Operations), Sejal 5. Mr. Gaurav Tyagi, Director, Shiv Shakti Float Glass Pvt.
Bangalore
Architectural Glass Ltd., Mumbai
54. Architectural
Mr. Sandeep Glass Ltd., Mumbai
Chowdhry, Managing Partner, Al Karma, 7. Ltd.,
Mr. [Link]
Naga Varma, AGM - Marketing, HNG Glass
54. Mr. Sandeep Chowdhry, Managing Partner, Al Karma,
Delhi 6. Mr. Giriyappa, Proprietor, Giriyappa and Associates,
Containers Ltd. Mumbai
Delhi Bangalore
55. Mr. Sandeep Gaiwal, Assistant Engineer, Building 8. Mr. Jaubilant C., Architect, Saint Gobain Glass,
55. Mr. Sandeep Gaiwal, Assistant Engineer, Building 7. Mr. G. Naga Varma, AGM - Marketing, HNG Glass
Bangalore
Proposal Department of M.C.G.M., Municipal
Proposal Department of M.C.G.M., Municipal Containers Ltd. Mumbai
Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai 9. Mr. Javed Anwar, Managing Director, Milestone,
56. Corporation
Mr. SandeepofKashyap,
Greater Mumbai,
ExecutiveMumbai
Director, 8. Mr. Jaubilant C., Architect, Saint Gobain Glass,
Bangalore
56. Mr. Sandeep Kashyap, Executive Director, Bangalore
GlasNovations, New Delhi 10. Mr. K R. Singh, Branch Manager, GSC Toughened Glass
57. GlasNovations, New Delhi
Mr. Sanjeev Oberoi, Institutional Glass Group, Delhi 9. Mr. Javed
Private Anwar,Bangalore
Limited, Managing Director, Milestone,
57. Mr. Sanjeev Oberoi, Institutional Glass Group, Delhi Bangalore
58. Mr. S. Balakrishna, Additional Chief City Planner, 11. Mr. Madan Lal, Director, Mahaveer Safety Glass,
58. Mr. S. Balakrishna,
Greater HyderabadAdditional
Municipal Chief City Planner,
Corporation, Hyderabad 10. Mr. K R. Singh, Branch Manager, GSC Toughened Glass
Chennai
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, Hyderabad Private Limited, Bangalore
59 Mr. S.C. Bhatia, ADG, Architecture (Retd.), Central 12. Ms. Manisha Thakur, Sr. Engineer - Projects, Oberoi
59 Mr. [Link]
Public Bhatia, ADG, Architecture
Department (CPWD),(Retd.),
Delhi Central 11. Mr. Madan Lal,Mumbai
Constructions, Director, Mahaveer Safety Glass, Chennai
Public Works Department (CPWD), Delhi 12.
13. Ms. Manisha Thakur, Sr. Engineer - Projects, Oberoi
60. Mr. S. C. Marwah, VP, Indo Alusys Industries Ltd., Delhi Mr. Manoj Chandel, Area Sales Manager, Garware
60. Mr. S. C. Marwah, VP, Indo Alusys Industries Ltd., Delhi Constructions, Mumbai
61. Mr. Sharanjit Singh, Managing Director, GSC Toughened Polyster Limited, Delhi
61. Mr. Sharanjit Singh, Managing Director, GSC Toughened 13. Mr. Manoj Chandel, Area Sales Manager, Garware
Glass Pvt. Ltd., Greater Noida 14. Mr. Motta Tarun, Joint Secretary, Practising Engineers
Glass Pvt. Ltd., Greater Noida Polyster Limited, Delhi
62. Mr. Sthaladipti Saha, Deputy Design Head, Larsen & and Architecture Town Planner Association (PEATA),
62. Mr. Sthaladipti
Toubro LimitedSaha,
| ECCDeputy Design
Division, Head, Larsen &
Gurgaon 14. Mr. Motta Tarun, Joint Secretary, Practising Engineers
Mumbai
Toubro Limited | ECC Division, Gurgaon and Architecture Town Planner Association (PEATA),
63. Mr. Srinivas Sapher, Sales Manager, Gujarat Guardian 15. Mr. Nanda Kumar, Commercial Department, S.P.
63. Mr. Srinivas
Limited, Sapher, Sales Manager, Gujarat Guardian
Delhi Mumbai
Fabricators, Mumbai
Limited, Delhi 15. Mr. Nanda Kumar, Commercial Department, S.P.
64. Prof. Subir Saha, School of Planning and Architecture, 16. Mr. Nainish B Sanghani, EI Dupont India Pvt. Ltd.,
64. Prof.
New Subir
DelhiSaha, School of Planning and Architecture, Fabricators,
Gurgaon Mumbai
New Delhi 16. Mr. Nainish B Sanghani, EI Dupont India Pvt. Ltd.,
65. Mr. Sudhir Kumar, Addl. Chief Executive Officer, Greater 17. Mr. Neeraj Mathur, Regional Manager, FG Glass,
65. Mr. Sudhir Kumar, Addl. Chief Executive Officer, Greater Gurgaon
Mumbai
Noida Industrial Development Authority, Uttar Pradesh
Noida Industrial Development Authority, Uttar Pradesh 17. Mr. Neeraj Mathur, Regional Manager, FG Glass,
66. Mr. Suhel, Managing Director, FG Glass, Mumbai 18. Mr. Pankaj Keswani, Managing Director, Alufit,
66. Mr. Suhel, Managing Director, FG Glass, Mumbai Mumbai
Bangalore
67. Mr. Syed Muzaffir Hussain, Director House Numbering
67. Mr.
CellSyed Muzaffir
and Chief CityHussain,
Planner,Director
Greater House Numbering
Hyderabad 18.
19. Mr.
Mr. Pankaj
PradeepKeswani,
Ramesh,Managing
Engineer, Director, Alufit,and
A. N. Prakash
Cell and Chief City Planner, Greater Hyderabad Bangalore
Municipal Corporation, Hyderabad Consultants, Mumbai
68. Municipal
Mr. Tarun Corporation, Hyderabad
Motta, Secretary, Practising Engineers, 19.
20. Mr.
Mr. Pradeep
Praveen,Ramesh, Engineer,
EDM (South), S. [Link],
N. Prakash Mumbai
and
68. Mr. Tarun Motta, Secretary, Practising Engineers, Consultants, Mumbai
Architects and Town Planner Association, Mumbai 21. Mr. Prem, Sr. Vice President, Zak Trade Fairs and
69. Architects and Town
Mr. V. B. Sud, Planner
Business Association,
Manager, Solutia Mumbai
Chemicals 20. Mr. Praveen,Mumbai
Exhibition, EDM (South), S. P. Fabricators, Mumbai
69. Mr. V. B. Sud, Business Manager, Solutia Chemicals 21.
22. Mr. Prem, Sr. Vice President, Zak Trade Fairs and
India Pvt. Ltd., Delhi Mr. Raj Gopal, Architect, Sundaram Architects,
70. India
Mr. [Link].
D. Ltd., DelhiChief Architect, Delhi Development
Deewan, Exhibition,
Bangalore Mumbai
70. Mr. V. D. Deewan, Chief Architect, Delhi Development 22. Mr. Raj Gopal, Architect, Sundaram Architects, Bangalore
Authority (DDA), Delhi 23. Mr. Ravindra Mudugu, Assistant Manager - Projects,
Authority (DDA), Delhi 23. Mr. Ravindra Mudugu, Assistant Manager - Projects,
71. Mr. Vijay Dahiya, Architect, Morphogenesis Architect Oberoi Constructions, Mumbai
71. Mr. Vijay Dahiya, Architect, Morphogenesis Architect Oberoi Constructions, Mumbai
Studio, Delhi 24. Mr. Satya Kiran, Sr. Architect, Archimedes India
Studio, Delhi 24. Mr. Satya Kiran, Sr. Architect, Archimedes India
72. Mr. Vivek Dubey, Marketing Head, Gold Plus Toughened Consultants Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
72. Mr. Vivek
Glass Dubey,
Limited, Marketing Head, Gold Plus Toughened
Delhi 25. Consultants
Ms. Sheetal Pvt.
Jain,Ltd.,
SalesNew Delhi Sun Control Systems,
Manager,
Glass Limited, Delhi 25. Ms.
DelhiSheetal Jain, Sales Manager, Sun Control Systems,
73. Mr. V. K. Rustogi, General Manager - RE, National
73. Mr. V. K. Rustogi,
Buildings General
Construction Manager -Ltd.
Corporation RE,(NBCC),
National Delhi 26. Delhi
Mr. Sourabh Mathur, Sr. Manager, Business Operations,
Buildings Construction Corporation Ltd. (NBCC), Delhi 26. Mr. Sourabh Mathur, Sr. Manager, Business Operations,
74. Mr. Vinod Tandon, Secretary, Glass Processors Forum, Sky Frames, Delhi
74. Mr. Vinod Tandon, Secretary, Glass Processors Forum,
Delhi 27. Sky
Mr. Frames, Delhi
Srinivasan Desikachari, Architect, CREDAI,
Delhi 27. Mr. Srinivasan Desikachari, Architect, CREDAI,
Bangalore
75. Mr. Vivek Sabherwal, Architect, Interior India, Delhi
75. Mr. Vivek Sabherwal, Architect, Interior India, Delhi Bangalore
76. Mr. Yogesh Dutt, Director, Impact Safety Glass Works 28. Mr. Susanta, Engineer, Natraj and Venkat, Bangalore
76. Mr. Yogesh Dutt, Director, Impact Safety Glass Works 28. Mr. Susanta, Engineer, Natraj and Venkat, Bangalore
Private Limited, Bangalore 29. Mr. Sushil Padwal, Officer Purchase, Kalpataru Properties
Private Limited, Bangalore 29. Mr. Sushil Padwal, Officer Purchase, Kalpataru Properties
Private Limited, Mumbai
List of special invitees to steering committee meetings 30. Private Limited, Mumbai
Mr. T. Ravindran, Director, Instruct, Bangalore
List of special invitees to steering committee meetings 30. Mr. T. Ravindran, Director, Instruct, Bangalore
31. Mr. Uttaran B. Ray, Director and Architect, Impact Safety
During four Steering Committee meetings organized two in 31. Mr. Uttaran B. Ray, Director and Architect, Impact Safety
Design
During four steering committee meetings two in Delhi, Design
Delhi, and one
(16.04.2007 each in Mumbai
& 02.11.2007) and
and one Bangalore,
each following
in Mumbai (27.06.2007) 32. Mr. Vasim Sayed, Manager North, S. P. Fabricators,
profesionals participated as special invitees: 32. Mr. Vasim Sayed, Manager North, S. P. Fabricators,
Mumbai
and Bangalore (25.08.2007), following professionals participated Mumbai
as special invitees: 33. Mr. Vijay G., Assistant Technical Manager, 3M India
1. Mr. A. C. Kadir Velu, Consulting Engineer, Bangalore 33. Mr. Vijay Bangalore
Limited, G., Assistant Technical Manager, 3M India
1.2. Mr. Limited, Bangalore
Mr.A. [Link],
Ajit Kadir Velu, Consulting Engineer,
Manager Bangalore
- Institutional Sales, 34. Mr. Vineet Gupta, Territory Head, Gujarat Guardian
2. Mr. Ajit Chnadrashekharan, Manager - Institutional Sales, 34. Mr. Vineet Gupta, Territory Head, Gujarat Guardian
Saint Gobain Glass, Bangalore Limited, Bangalore
Limited, Bangalore
3. Saint GobainGawde,
Mr. Bharat Glass, Officer
Bangalore
Purchase, Kalpataru 35. Mr. Vivek Kulkarni, Assistant Manager - Projects, Oberoi
3. Mr. Bharat Gawde, Officer Purchase, 35. Mr. Vivek Kulkarni, Assistant Manager - Projects, Oberoi
Properties Private Limited, Mumbai Kalpataru Constructions, Mumbai
4. Properties
Mr. BrijeshPrivate
Kumar,Limited, Mumbai
Sr. Manager, Design, Staralubuild Pvt Constructions, Mumbai
Ltd, Gurgaon

35
 Guidelines on use of Glass in Buildings - Human Safety

LIST OF EXPERT COMMITTEE MEMBERS

1. Sh. P. B. Vijay Chairman
Former Director General, Central PWD

2. Sh. D. S. Sachdev
Director General, Central PWD

3. Sh. Mayank K. Tilak

S.E.(TAS), Central PWD

4. Sh. P. Krishnan
Former Director General, Central PWD

5. Sh. B. S. Duggal
Former Director General, Central PWD

6. Sh. P. S. Chadha
Former Additional Director General, Central PWD
Consultant, Indian Buildings Congress

7. Sh. Balbir Verma

Former President, Indian Institute of Architecture

8. Sh. Subhash Kapoor

Former Additional Director General, Central PWD
Consulting Engineers Association of India

9. Sh. Subhash Mehrotra

Consulting Engineers Association of India

10. Sh. Deepak Gahlowt, Architect

Convener,
Confederation of Construction Products & Services

11. Sh. K. K. Mutreja

Former E-in-C, NDMC & Additional Director General, Central PWD
Adviser, CCPS

12. Sh. Shashi Kant

Former Dy. Adviser, Planning Commission
Adviser, CCPS

13. Sh. Sharanjit Singh

Managing Director
GSC Toughened Glass Pvt Ltd

14. Sh. Kunwar Narayan

Chief Operation Officer
AIS Glass Solutions Ltd

15. Sh. Anand Jain

Head - Design & Commercial
Structural Glass Solution
Saint Gobain Glass India Ltd.

36