A<siaomer

of heat transhtr.
ening three modes
tpa he laus
Conduyion Sates has
A. furer's law of heat hect (nducion
law of
DD fournes
trauyer hrough a
hecs
the Yae of maltl s pnportinal
Simpe homogenas graant,
A
b naatve
tnpUre
the
to the secibn nomal to
area of (oXs tww and he
drecton of heas matia Bthe
onducvihy af
therrnal
Popoonahy Consturt
by the nation
represeo
Nahomialy it (an beQ- -kA dT-0
i)

wheve Meat trange (w)

digerene
srd kody (m)

qmen matil(Wmk).
lendutny doae mlmper
m eaD mdicaes the
D h neqaNe sign hlctnns o hea Ho
nueese in
diretun
 Newiton's law of oong oUsg sttS the
DNeutn's law of bhulen
tauSr
flid the vate d heat -
and a twd is A
a soidsuxjae sNkce area onr
fo

prpninal to ard the

whih he tutd Hores WhQre,
the
tengerarune dijerdne beuten
Snijgu ard tad Ca)
wit suearea (hWn)
be wrten al, enissive pour of black budy por
D mathema Kally (W/mtk) shose walu is
T T -T Sikfan Bolhmann onsa
onsat
&A AT Whore

- m?
ConvecHve heat ransr A: suYau aro a blacx bodybackkydy (KDo(0
where, tanyA) (w) fo blott bdy Whih
heat transer lonetiv heat
eiHer Yaboytey.

(wot k) The mel onduHvihy

the abiihy a qren matrial
onducviy ers to by the Symb
h CoeHe ’ hevmat genraly denoted
bandjer hoat 1t s
tb onduand/'a'.
Boltzmann law
he total radiant hormul lenducviny
are eed n
lotzmanm law stules hat
Marls with hTyh er
with bw thmal lerd
Grgy emvd per
Wavihy are usel thovmal iSlatys
S1 Unit: Whnk n W/m
W/mK Triz
k=
Ax (ddx) W

temArature
is deined as he rae q
îhomal diHhusviy (an be abo dgmed as the
YatD heat
Sprad thYeuih a mtal Jt hrogh he mattial to
heat hat is alloutd o pass stord n tne maeiul.
ne emb ned
that is by a suid wau Co ml
heat ptt unit Volume a hor and a cold kurd sepurard
tte waus).!
61 it: ms heat trandjer pr uit ara pr nit t o uni tmpeture
due to any made

whre (Wnk)
homal h. k hu
haat apaiy (Vgt)
W/mK
ihemal lorta 1eitane
resistunce aises when two Solid su gees Q9 Ewhat are' tnitial and rnadbaundony ondiions ? Gplan
îhmal (ontot due to mïo he 3 typs ol boundan Conditions.
otat,but lak a peu Contalt
Lenme fD or
Suptt gas and mprRunS at he ineYae IntHal boundory londition: fhe mathenaat expression
temarae dstbtion medium a ime t :0 Is knwnat
trap ar othr uwds whh are not as

he hindone to het w he mahemai ad expresin x hermal

Thtrmal Coact resiarna eprese Badiny Cendin
he me'm aYe knen
Conditn lt hne bowdanes
as &oundony erditis foy a given medun
Type's of bourdony condhns
the
heat bastr 4pplviarMS,
Amyerair at bludiny Sinte is
TY,)

12 lonon eprahe hen mathenaHal

famwaion sulh hypes kurdoy - kdT lo, t)
lomdibon is given as olls
-k dT

i) Coneetn Hea'tyanser boundany (ondittn: DIn mos uHad

appltains ,ho tra a he
Brundany lend+un dN witen
londuion

= To,t) - T,
T
AKrewn hat tanser agrent
Condu uton onvecton h oad anbitnt uid empeate
Tu,t) = T2 To
iD (orsidor a plae a thiuresI
Hux boudony enditbn :) In sorne sthuatOu,
Neat tne rak heat suppy to a
flux Tlot) Tempevatu s sutau a 20
in ConducHon
Vo be knguwn Craqnple on an
lonaly heased sugae the h lenvecRon, heas trarsr wtUent
x
h lenvecÝn heat transyer letits as
londuchn
Sad a Kntn Suh baundary
londstors ane (akd presut bed
hat tux btuday orditat
i Bourdany ondtitons one writen based bn a sunae ergy bana

Yoas leduron he
Suaa ma slleed dirHoN elment

oteoon heat ux fem

Surae into pae a Ti dy
direuion , X,9,2 axes rapectly
dT
ly:0
u rt,9,2, t) be he uma! enduHo alorg y2 are
l

Net rae of heat

to plak RAto to
Suyau a Te to he wd giöned hy onduin
genrued wihn
memal ery
Stau
at Tor
eemen

133 tmrese m Memel atyy

h, lTa)lyc-TeJ 4

1
Q49 DeriYe an expessirn for 20, hent Corductron equation Corducton
heas ganed by
6) Te Ne
rae
ht owny
lemens (paralle Kewmy- Quantryelemert
Ans Dorsidtr on mgniAel nlally Smal rtengtar to x,y 2 axe! to eMet
lptped) 0 s1aA o,dy and dz paralel
raeny
 hae,

dy

&n--k Ad -

bO whtn the llme

y -ky didz hereay gervaset

elum
eau m the sotd
Q innal

dy

(7,9,-,t) -

dy

-ky d'T drdyde (19,2,t)

 for skadu Stae heaJ Corducmon wh ha gntraitn

loovdnaes
K

k d dt

+dt (4,4 for empeaure ditbutien and Yae a

is) Deduce an erpreSien Stee heat Corduchon wthou
heat
hes transñY Sudy
hola ylindar

(1,9,2,t)
d dt
Eumut

3) for steady Stae h onducim wthou hea grraten

inr YahdY, and
Dlonsider a holaw ainder wim
 Gubstuing )
2and Vaues
G of
In(/12 -0
T 4r) 0
41 Sutsntuty
In(/
Haertion heat wirhou us
Corducttn Head
(Yiha In , 1,T
T- ie
rodidhy fz).
wrt Chang! not da andConbtt remNA ieDniaure )
Asmpn 3)
T-T
boundany Apyg 9
CondiÛone
J :Jt them! he
 + T, (T-% ) h(,)
In(h,)
A 2nyl
T -T2
In("/,) ly In(i/)
In(1/) lenduui
In(/)

T- TI In (TA)-o
In(h/) (a/r,) (y)
1,-1: where Kh-ln 2rtL

halr utnder
Deduu an apreiren
Q6)
re B given by
6) (rduc60 heat turs
and wer Sukaes
Convetion at innor
Mehal wall

|T-T)h) (T-T)
= -kA +T,-
Ih(/y) dd
fld
= -kA Rlm
In(/y) ht fud T2

Alm
4
In(/2)
 kunangny
048 kg 004nn lg
wliC .1)
07w/m k 0'1m lAiven:
L
+
mul wnd u°d the hrngh fenw hea he 2)
Mud. lotd tue Ho
)t,CTh- A u@=dso
sao1. mutu. to
Hurd hot fem aue trasteor haltCanvectve
’
Suae2 meal
+ Temprrai
uud hot Temra
uYmal ’ k
wal boundong
whre,
kA
Metal UDsSa
area UE per
hat oveval alopt towual is 11 )
 (enwon biik byum plat4r
La
ka A ky A A

Buw Sine 80% hea ass s veduad

0-2x Q, = Ax
Ax(6T)t
0lrm
0-2262 +t 0-065

D'065 x Ax (AT) ol

02 xAx AT) totl x y 0-065 x Ax(OT)otu

k,A kA

A (AT)toal 0-8242
,

0-0735
Ax (DT)ll 00735- 0-0l47
(o/o1-0ho) D058Ym
588mm

Ax (o1) tal
0- 2262
0.) ivn: A= 15a15 = 0'0225 m
0-02m W/m
50
LA w/m
kg = 0:2
aummg h 200 W? hÍ= 50 W/m
(OD 49d to be Same
 Ta 2s
Ta- 25 lo0b t25
Tax
- 2478NG°C

2) (AT)
Ta

428 3807 : (002/sox0425)

247 8114 -T
001778
247.2n4 -T,
I6-5o45

Tnar-25 Tyar -25

44

Tnar -25 Tr- 25 247 8ii4- T2

4 002 + 0-0) (001/0-2ro-0225)
200x 0'6) 25S S0x 0'0125 SOko0225 02x 0 0225
Tmax -25 Tmak -25
247814 -T = 154-1516
0:24 31||| 247-l4 - 154-1516

Imar -25 |T2 86548°C|