Online Classes In-person Classes Pricing About Us Already booked a teacher?

Book a trial class

Learn Practice Download Explore

math program

Find your Math Personality!

Trigonometry Formulas
Trigonometry formulas are sets of different formulas involving
trigonometric identities, used to solve problems based on the sides and
angles of a right-angled triangle. Additionally, there are many
trigonometric identities and formulas that can be used to simplify
expressions, solve equations, and evaluate integrals.

These trigonometry formulas include trigonometric functions like sine,

cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent for given angles. Let us
learn these formulas involving Pythagorean identities, product identities,
co-function identities (shifting angles), sum & difference identities,
double angle identities, half-angle identities, etc. in detail in the following
sections.

What are Trigonometry Formulas?

Trigonometry formulas are mathematical expressions that relate the
angles and sides of a right triangle. They are used in trigonometry to
solve a wide range of problems related to angles, distances, and heights.
By using these formulas, one can find the missing side or angle in a right
triangle.

In addition to basic formulas such as the Pythagorean theorem, there are

also many trigonometric identities and formulas that can be used to
simplify expressions, solve equations, and evaluate integrals. These
formulas are essential tools for engineers, mathematicians, and
scientists working in a variety of fields.

List of All Formulas of Trigonometry

Let us look at the below sets of different trigonometry formulas.

Basic Trig Ratio Formulas: formulas relating to the basic

trigonometric ratios sin, cos, tan, etc.
Reciprocal Identities: formulas dealing with the reciprocal
relationship between trig ratios.
Trigonometric Ratio Table: Trigonometry values are depicted for
standard angles in the trigonometry table.
Periodic Identities: trigonometry formulas that help in finding values
of trig functions for a shift in angles by π/2, π, 2π, etc.
Co-function Identities: formulas that depict interrelationships
between the trigonometry functions.
Sum and Difference Identities: formulas used to find the value of the
trigonometry function for the sum or difference in angles.
Half, Double and Triple Identities: formulas used to find the values of
trig functions for half, double or triple angles.
Sum to Product Identities: formulas used to represent the product of
trigonometry functions as their sum or vice-versa.
Inverse Trigonometry Formulas: formulas related to inverse trig
functions like sine inverse, cosine inverse, etc.
Sine Law and Cosine Law

Some basic trigonometry formulas can be observed in the image below.

Let us study them in detail in the following sections.

Basic Trigonometry Formulas

Basic trigonometry formulas are used to find the relationship between
trig ratios and the ratio of the corresponding sides of a right-angled
triangle. There are basic 6 trigonometric ratios used in trigonometry,
also called trigonometric functions- sine, cosine, secant, co-secant,
tangent, and co-tangent, written as sin, cos, sec, csc, tan, cot in short.
The trigonometric functions and identities are derived using a right-
angled triangle as the reference. We can find out the sine, cosine,
tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent values, given the dimensions
of a right-angled triangle, using trigonometry formulas as,

Trigonometric Ratio Formulas

sin θ = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse
cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse
tan θ = Perpendicular/Base
sec θ = Hypotenuse/Base
cosec θ = Hypotenuse/Perpendicular
cot θ = Base/Perpendicular

Reciprocal Identities
Cosecant, secant, and cotangent are the reciprocals of the basic
trigonometric ratios sine, cosine, and tangent respectively. All of the
reciprocal identities are also derived using a right-angled triangle as a
reference. These reciprocal trigonometric identities are derived using
trigonometric functions. The trigonometry formulas on reciprocal
identities, given below, are used frequently to simplify trigonometric
problems.

cosec θ = 1/sin θ; sin θ = 1/cosec θ

sec θ = 1/cos θ; cos θ = 1/sec θ
cot θ = 1/tan θ; tan θ = 1/cot θ

Pythagorean Identities
Pythagoras theorem states that "in a right triangle, if 'c' is the

hypotenuse and 'a' and 'b' are the two legs then c2 = a2 + b2". Using this
theorem and trigonometric ratios, Pythagorean identities are derived.
These identities are used to convert one trig ratio into other. The
Pythagorean trig identities are mentioned below:

sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
sec2θ - tan2θ = 1

csc2θ - cot2θ = 1

Trigonometric Ratio Table

Here is a table for trigonometry formulas for angles that are commonly
used for solving trigonometry problems. The trigonometric ratios table
helps in finding the values of trigonometric standard angles such as 0°,
30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°.

Ang
les
(In 360
0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270°
Deg °
rees
)

Ang
les
3π/
(In 0° π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 2π
2
Radi
ans)

sin 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1 0 -1 0

cos 1 √3/2 1/√2 1/2 0 -1 0 1

tan 0 1/√3 1 √3 ∞ 0 ∞ 0

cos 2/
∞ 2 √2 1 ∞ -1 ∞
ec √3

2/
sec 1 √2 2 ∞ -1 ∞ 1
√3

cot ∞ √3 1 1/√3 0 ∞ 0 ∞

Unit Circle Formulas

The unit circle is a circle with a radius of 1 and center at the origin of a
coordinate plane. It is used in trigonometry (as shown below) to define
the values of trigonometric functions for all angles, including those
outside the range of 0 to 90 degrees.

Here are some of the formulas associated with the unit circle:

sin θ = y/1; csc θ = 1/y

cos θ = x/1; sec θ = 1/x
tan θ = sinθ/cosθ = y/x; cot θ = cosθ/sinθ = x/y

Trigonometry Periodic Identities (in Radians)

Trigonometry formulas involving periodic identities are used to shift the
angles by π/2, π, 2π, etc. All trigonometric identities are cyclic in nature
which means that they repeat themselves after a period. This period
differs for different trigonometry formulas on periodic identities. For
example, tan 30° = tan 210° but the same is not true for cos 30° and cos
210°. You can refer to the trigonometry formulas given below to verify the
periodicity of sine and cosine functions in different quadrants.

First Quadrant:

sin (π/2 – θ) = cos θ

cos (π/2 – θ) = sin θ
sin (2π + θ) = sin θ
cos (2π + θ) = cos θ

Second Quadrant:

sin (π/2 + θ) = cos θ

cos (π/2 + θ) = – sin θ
sin (π – θ) = sin θ
cos (π – θ) = – cos θ

Third Quadrant:

sin (π + θ) = – sin θ
cos (π + θ) = – cos θ
sin (3π/2 – θ) = – cos θ
cos (3π/2 – θ) = – sin θ

Fourth Quadrant:

sin (3π/2 + θ) = – cos θ

cos (3π/2 + θ) = sin θ
sin (2π – θ) = – sin θ
cos (2π – θ) = cos θ

Co-function Identities(in Degrees)

The trigonometry formulas on cofunction identities provide the
interrelationship between the different trigonometry functions. The co-
function trigonometry formulas are represented in degrees below:

sin(90° − x) = cos x
cos(90° − x) = sin x
tan(90° − x) = cot x
cot(90° − x) = tan x
sec(90° − x) = cosec x
cosec(90° − x) = sec x

The cofunction identities in terms of radians can be obtained by

replacing 90° with π/2 in the above formulas.

Sum and Difference Identities

The sum and difference identities include the trigonometry formulas of
sin(x + y), cos(x - y), cot(x + y), etc.

sin(x + y) = sin(x)cos(y) + cos(x)sin(y)

cos(x + y) = cos(x)cos(y) - sin(x)sin(y)
tan(x + y) = (tan x + tan y)/(1 - tan x • tan y)
sin(x – y) = sin(x)cos(y) - cos(x)sin(y)
cos(x – y) = cos(x)cos(y) + sin(x)sin(y)
tan(x − y) = (tan x - tan y)/(1 + tan x • tan y)

Multiple and Sub-Multiple Angles

Trigonometry formulas for multiple and sub-multiple angles can be used
to calculate the value of trigonometric functions for half angle, double
angle, triple angle, etc.

Half-Angle Identities

The half angle trigonometric formulas involve x/2 and are as follows.

sin (x/2) = ±√[(1 - cos x)/2]

cos (x/2) = ± √[(1 + cos x)/2]
tan (x/2) = ±√[(1 - cos x)/(1 + cos x)] (or) tan (x/2) = (1 - cos x)/sin x

Double Angle Identities

The double angle trigonometry formulas are used to find the double
angle (2x) of trig functions.

sin (2x) = 2sin(x) • cos(x) = [2tan x/(1 + tan2 x)]

cos (2x) = cos2(x) - sin2(x) = [(1 - tan2 x)/(1 + tan2 x)] = 2cos2(x) - 1 = 1

- 2sin2(x)
tan (2x) = [2tan(x)]/ [1 - tan2(x)]

sec (2x) = sec2 x/(2 - sec2 x)

cosec (2x) = (sec x • cosec x)/2

Triple Angle Identities

The trip angle (3x) trig formulas are as follows:

sin 3x = 3sin x - 4sin3x

cos 3x = 4cos3x - 3cos x

tan 3x = [3tanx - tan3x]/[1 - 3tan2x]

Sum and Product Identities

Trigonometric formulas for sum or product identities are used to
represent the sum of any two trigonometric functions in their product
form, or vice-versa.

Product to Sum Formulas

sinx⋅cosy = [sin(x + y) + sin(x − y)]/2

cosx⋅cosy = [cos(x + y) + cos(x − y)]/2
sinx⋅siny = [cos(x − y) − cos(x + y)]/2

Sum to Product Formulas

The combination of two acute angles A and B can be presented through

the trigonometric ratios, in the below trigonometry formulas.

sinx + siny = 2[sin((x + y)/2)cos((x − y)/2)]

sinx − siny = 2[cos((x + y)/2)sin((x − y)/2)]
cosx + cosy = 2[cos((x + y)/2)cos((x − y)/2)]
cosx − cosy = −2[sin((x + y)/2)sin((x − y)/2)]

Inverse Trigonometry Formulas

Using the inverse trigonometry formulas, trigonometric ratios are
inverted to create the inverse trigonometric functions, like, sin θ = x and

θ = sin −1x. Here x can have values in whole numbers, decimals, fractions,
and exponents.

sin-1 (-x) = -sin-1 x

cos-1 (-x) = π - cos-1 x

tan-1 (-x) = -tan-1 x

cosec-1 (-x) = -cosec-1 x

sec-1 (-x) = π - sec-1 x

cot-1 (-x) = π - cot-1 x

Sine and Cosine Laws

Sine Law: The sine law and the cosine law give a relationship between
the sides and angles of a triangle. The sine law gives the ratio of the sides
and the angle opposite to the side. As an example, the ratio is taken for
the side 'a' and its opposite angle 'A'.

(sin A)/a = (sin B)/b = (sin C)/c

Cosine Law: The cosine law helps to find the length of a side, for the
given lengths of the other two sides and the included angle. As an
example the length 'a' can be found with the help of the other two sides
'b' and 'c' and their included angle 'A'.

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cosA
b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac cosB

c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cosC

where, a, b, c are the lengths of the sides of the triangle, and A, B, C are
the angles of the triangle.

☛ Related Topics:

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 10

Trigonometric Formulas Class 11
Trigonometric Formulas for Class 12

Download FREE Study Materials

Trigonometric Formula Worksheet

Trigonometric Formula Worksheet

Worksheet On Trigonometric Formula Level-1

Examples Using Trigonometry Formulas

Example 1: Given the trigonometric ratio of tan θ = 5/12, find the

trigonometric ratio of cosec θ.

Solution:

tan θ = Perpendicular/ Base = 5/12

Perpendicular = 5 and Base = 12

Hypotenuse2 = Perpendicular2 + Base2

Hypotenuse2 = 52 + 122

Hypotenuse2 = 25 + 144

Hypotenuse = √169

Hypotenuse = 13

Now, using trigonometry formulas,

cosec θ = Hypotenuse/Perpendicular = 13/5

Answer: cosec θ = 13/5

Example 2: What is the value of sin 15º?

Hint: Use sum and difference trigonometric formulas.

Solution:

sin 15º

= sin (45º - 30º)

= sin 45ºcos 30º - cos 45ºsin 30º

= [(1/√2) × (√3/2)] - [(1√2) × (1/2)] = (√3 - 1)/2√2

Answer: sin 15° = (√3 - 1)/2√2

Example 3: If sin θ cos θ = 5, find the value of (sin θ + cos θ)2

using the trigonometry formulas.

Solution:

(sin θ + cos θ)2

= sin2θ + cos2θ + 2sinθcosθ

= (1) + 2(5) = 1 + 10 = 11

Answer: (sin θ + cos θ)2 = 11

Practice Questions on Trigonometric

Formulas

Q.1

State true or false.

True False

Cos A is the product

of Cos and A.
Sine function is
defined for all real
numbers.

sin x = 43 for some

angle x.
Tangent function is
defined for all real
numbers.
The value of cos A
increases as A
increases.

Check Answer

Q.2

In the figure given below, find the value of sec B.

√13
2

√13
3

2
√13

3
√13

Check Answer

FAQs on Trigonometric Formulas

What are Trigonometric Formulas?

What is the Basic Trigonometry Formula?

What are the Involving Pythagorean Identities in Trigonometry?

What are Trigonometric Ratios' Formulas?

What are Trigonometry Formulas for Even and Odd Identities?

What are Addition Trigonometric Formulas?

Trigonometry Formulas Are Applicable to Which Triangle?

How to Remember Trigonometry Formulas Easily?

What is sin 3x Trigonometry Formula?

FOLLOW CUEMATH MATH PROGRAM MATH WORKSHEETS ABOUT US INTERNATIONAL

Cuemath Classroom Kindergarten Worksheets Our Mission United States
Facebook
Math Program Maths Worksheet for Class 1 Our Journey United Kingdom

Home Tutor Maths Worksheet for Class 2 Our Team Canada

Youtube
Private Tutors Maths Worksheet for Class 3 Careers Dubai

Tuition Tutors Maths Worksheet for Class 4 Australia

Instagram
Online Tuitions Maths Worksheet for Class 5 France
MATH TOPICS
Maths Tuition Near Me Maths Worksheet for Class 6 Germany
Numbers
Twitter
Online Math Courses Maths Worksheet for Class 7 Indonesia
Algebra
Maths Worksheet for Class 8 Italy
Geometry
LinkedIn
Maths Worksheet for Class 9 Netherlands
QUICK LINKS Measurement
Maths Worksheet for Class 10 Sri Lanka
Maths Games Commercial Math
Singapore
Maths Puzzles Data
Saudi Arabia
Math Questions CURRICULUM Trigonometry
Oman
Blogs 1st Class Maths Calculus
Bahrain
Maths olympiad (IMO) 2nd Class Maths Math Formulas
Qatar
FAQs 3rd Class Maths Calculators
Norway
4th Class Maths Multiplication Tables
Sweden
5th Class Maths NCERT Solutions
Ireland
6th Class Maths NCERT Solutions for Class 7

7th Class Maths NCERT Solutions for Class 8

8th Class Maths NCERT Solutions for Class 9

NCERT Solutions for Class 10

Become a teacher Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy