iS ey RENAISSANCE IN KERALA: _ Edited by su] eu Prof. S. SivadasaneR CCR cOT Gna Can CT oes Ch hee eee eee eeram, Vizhinjam, as the son of M. Somanadhan and B. Rajamma. After ree yd ing his secondary education in the rural schools, Karichal [Link] and P.K.S.H.S, Kanjiramkulam, he pursued his higher education at University College, Thiruvanan- PM Ue Cn meg koe e OTe nT nets tie cee ment Colleges of Kerala, including University College and Sree OUST Tas MS mua U wie CCC RR cima tccae is CPt mat ed De ea eR TT uma nea eee ee ee oa oe OM Ce COME Mom C my ay try rr ae eee eee Ce ee Coa ee ea om arate oe Cea Venn Scanned with CamScannerRenaissance in Kerala: A Revisit Edited by Prof. S. Sivadasan me Modern Book Centre ‘Thiruvananthapuram 2021 Scanned with CamScannerPublished by Modern Book Centre ‘andhari Amman Kovil R ‘Trivandrum 69500 ea n info@[Link] Renaissance in Kerala: A Revisit English Language History: Kerala History Edited by Prof. S. Sivadasan moe ISBN 978-8-190178-35-8 Printed at: Manipal Technologies Limited, Manipal, India First Published in 2015 as ‘Faces of Social Reform in Kerala’ Edited by Dr. P.F, Gopakumar Revised Edition Published by Modern Book Centre in 2021 Copyright © 2021, Prof. S. Sivadasan The responsibility on the authenticity of the opinion expressed in the articles is exclusively vested with the contributors only. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or any information storage or retreival system without prior written permission of the publisher, _—a Scanned with CamScannerRenaissance in Kerala: A Revisit d Platform: A Reading on — M.D. Alice. . .g the Role of Mithavadi Social Reform through Pen an‘ Kavithilakan Pandit Karuppan aa Social Reform: Refigurins 9 Press and S Krishnan — P. Rekha . - = . . 79 yo C.V. Kunjuraman and the Multi-Faces of Social Protest: ar 87 ‘A Retrospect — S.P. John .. ari A. Balakrishna Pillai and Structuring of fi ala — K. Robinson Jose...--++-++++> 11 Kes intellectual and Radical Sphere in Ker: III Social Revolutionaries and the Display of Radicalism 113 12. Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker: Precursor of Sree Narayana Guru — P. Rekha Vaikunda Swamikal: Harbinger of Social Change in Kerala — P. Johnson ‘Ayyankali and the Radical Intervention in the Process of Social Reform — P.F. Gopakumar Sahodaran Ayyappan: the Rationalist and Critical Realist — S.R. Jincy... 11S 13 a2. 14 IV Religious Reformers and Social Mediations 159 16 Mediating the ‘Social’: Positioning the Intervention of ‘Thycaud Ayya Guru —[Link]........000eeessseeeeeerees 161 17 The Great ‘Chavarian’ Social Revolution: Mapping Signposts of Social Renaissance in Kerala Engineered by St. Chavara — Sebastian Joseph Subaltern Perspectives on Social Reformation and Spirituality: A Study on Vagbhatananda — K. V. Ragesh ........+.0s00000+ 189 49 Brahmananda Sivayogi: An Ensemble of Spiritual and Social Reform — M. V. Raji . 20 ws Trio of Social Reform: Arulanandam lsalam, Moses Walsalam Sastri evasahay triyar and —P. Johnson. . ns 7 i ‘oe ial Nas sigs iti tana ees 207 21 Swami Aga ae Prophet of and Liberty ~ P.S, Jayesh Justice, Equality 1 & +221 Scanned with CamScannerviii Contents ‘The ‘Marginalised’ Voices: Loud, but Heard the Least Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan: A Fore-Runner of Social Reformers in Kerala — E.K. Rajan........... Senses ae 243 23, Dr. V.V. Velukkutty Arayan and the lingendering of Araya Social Capital: Unfolding the Saga of a ‘Marginalised’ in History — S.P, John 241 22 pAa5 24 Searching for Lost Histories: Retrieving for a New Social Self: Re-Reading Poikayil Yohannan — A. Muhammed Maheen. +271 25 K.P. Vallon and Dalit Activism: Interrogating the Social Space — K.K. Suneesh 26 Pampady John Joseph and Dalit Insurgence: A Social Reading — Rani. Pillai..........00cccsccsssssseeeeeeeeeees 297 27 Kavarikulam Kandan Kumaran: A Forgotten Leader of the Marginalised People — A. Balakrishnan . Vi Journalistic Platform and Intellectual Articulation 315 28 ‘The Pathfinders of Malayalam Journalism — K.N. Deepa salt 317 29 Herman Gundert and the Evolution of Print Movement in Kerala — $.R. Jincy. go Itti Achuthan and Hortus Malabaricus — C.N. Somarajan..... 343 we Role of Kandathil Varghese Mappila in the Making of Modern Kerala — K. K. Suneesh VII Moderate Ideologues and the Reforming Spirit 363 32 Changanassery Parameswaran Pillai: A Dead Right Social Avant-Garde — Santhi K. Jose 33. Mannath Padmanabhan: ‘The Meliorist of Kerala — Santhi K. Jose... 34. The Humanist Ideal that Propelled the Reformist Spirit Re-Reading V. T. Bhattathiripad — V. K. Shiji 45 Restructuring the Social: A Reading on Manjeri Rama lyer — Rani S. Pillai 365 | Scanned with CamScanner—15— Sahodaran Ayyappan: the Rationalist and Critical Realist S.R. JINCY Many social scientists have argued that “research should be designed to perform a ‘critical’ function, in the sense of challenging the socio- political status quo”. The dictum seems applicable to activists like Sa- hodaran Ayyappan as well. However, very often, the relationship be- tween the political value judgments underpinning this commitment and the values intrinsic to inquiry, as a distinct form of activity has been left obscure. The validity of those judgments has usually been treated either as obvious or as a matter of personal commitment. But there is an influ- ential tradition of work that claims to derive evaluative and prescriptive conclusions about current society directly from factual investigation of its history and character. In the nineteenth century, Hegel and Marx were distinctive in treating the force of ethical and political ideals as stemming from the process of social development itself, rather than as coming from a separate realm, in the manner of Kant. It is possible to derive negative evaluations of actions and institutions, along with pre- scriptions for change, solely from the premise that these promote false ideas, or that they frustrate the meeting of needs. a article, an attempt is made to introspect the career and ac- ties of Sahodaran Ayyappan, the great humanist in modern Kerala gainst the theoretical frame above. aoe ‘Ayyappan adorns a paramount position in the social and story of Kerala. He was instrumental in effecting revolution- eet that ultimately led to the uplift of the marginalised sections lindu society, especially the Ezhavas and Pulayas. Ayyappan 145 Scanned with CamScanner146 Sahodaran Ay, Was inspired by the ideas of liberty, equality and frat : fernity ay rationalism, secularism an. 5 s tivities of this great ee ae Outlook AS history of social reform movements in Kerala. nv image in As an ardent follower of Sree Narayana G, the philosophy and principles of Guru throught oe Practiced the Sahodara Sangham or Association of Brotherhood in; fe oun journal Sahodaran and a newspaper to spread the iden eA 7 and the brotherhood.' This gave him the popular name, Sahodaran Aye He formulated a revolutionary message “no caste, no nies God for man” as against the famous message of Guru, ‘one cane rs religion and one god for man’ one Available evidences show that the Hindu society of Kerala was = celled out among innumerable castes and sub-castes at the ite of the 19' century.* ‘The society was based on categorizations of an ior and inferior or pure and impure, This inferiority and superiority were marked by pollution attached to touch and approach one another The casteism therefore kept the Kerala society fragmented into exclu. sive groups. It acted as a divisive force against the mobility of groups. A person of the low caste status thus occupied the same status in the po- litical or economic hierarchy. Caste status, socio-economic status and political status were corresponding to each other. The social status ofa Non Caste Hindu remained unchangeable by education, wealth, power or success. Several irrational practices and customs prevailed in the Hindu society. Hindu society was dominated by the upper castes, ¢s- pecially the Brahmins. The lower caste people were in a subordinate position and were denied social freedom and equality. The upper castes were the land-owning class and all political power and authority in the land were under their control, But the people of lower castes who had no voice or position in the society and government were oppressed suppressed and marginalised by the higher echelons. es ‘The hegemonic class of Brahmins dominated all the means o i duction. The Nairs, who occupied a higher position in the eee the chief tenants of Brahmins. The twin role of the Nairs as @ s°"V" - rnabled them to e7i°! class of the Brahmins and the protectors of land e1 sow the NAS a respectable position in the society. All other groups below con" like the Ezhavas/Thiyyas, the Pulayas/Cheramar and Parayar w= Scanned with CamScannermaries and the Display of Radicalism 147 social Revolutic though British rule made some changes in the 19" century, the gitions of the lower castes did not change basically. They were the : al tyranny for centuries, The social evils like untouchabil- achability led to segregation of Hindus of one caste from s widely observed in the Hindu The lower castes were denied access to temples, schools and aces and were subjected to social humiliation. being one of the untouchable castes in the Hindu so- zhavas were educationally, economically and socially back- y of them were uneducated. A few of them constituted n within the community like soldiers, scholars, Ayurvedic caged in cultivation and other labours like toddy tapping, manufactur- ing of country sugar etc. At the same time, they followed many tradi- sonal religious and social customs. They even practiced animal sacrifice tn the centers of worship owned by them. There was the paradox that though the Ezhavas were treated as untouchables by the upper castes, they considered themselves superior in relation to the other lower castes ‘and treated them as untouchables.¢ The Pulayas and the other lower castes were denied entry into the temples of Ezhavas. There was hardly any free social relation between them and other backward castes. There was no inter-dining and inter-marriage not only between castes but also between the different sub-castes. Against this context, many social reformers emerged in the society with several revolutionary ideas. But the purpose of this paper is limited to identify the role of Sahodaran Ayyappan, the social reformer, revo- lutionary, renaissance thinker, writer, rationalist, politician, journalist, poet, the multi-faceted humanist. K Ayyappan, (Kulambathuparambil Ayyappan) was born in Cherai near Cochin on August 22, 1889. He was born as the ninth child of Kochavu Vaidyar and Unnuniliyamma. His father, an Ayurvedic physi- Stan by profession was not like a typical Ezhava and had a keen interest ‘© Uterature, especially Hindu Puranas and epics. He used to invite the writers of his time to his home and spent money and time to translate ce Hindu scriptures. While he was an Ayurvedic physician Passion for Sanskrit language and literature, which motivated to become a renowned writer. Ayyappan was greatly influ- Sneed by his elder brother Achuthan Vaidyar, who was a progressive Scanned with CamScannerto thinker, who taught him English language ang mn education. By vite of his brother, Ayyappan gtaey = Py Armen recived base edo om he ala ng cation from the Cherai English School. Dy me heared the ba leson finer ining fs he oe arias fom the books. Aer hih shoal education eo lege eduetion with the blpof Gus. Dargis ealge et als inspied by Swami Vivekananda and his phonons ei scolar in oth Sans and Engh, He wa the te ace come gaa inthe Cochin Sia, The faa dena from geting higher education farther. Hower, ih haat Guru and nancial help of Kumaran Asan he ined the Maha lege, Tevandcum for B.A, which was turing point in sie Dag ‘hese days he used to vis the SNUDP offce at Trivandrum Hina stant association with Sree Narayana Guru and Kumaran Aus ed him to get suficient internal and external strength to henld never cial revolution in Kerala ‘Ayyappan was tru follower of Gur, He had get afleion nt sdmration to the character and teachings of Guru and even pact throughout his if. From his childhood he was atracted owas Ga His tay a Trivandrum heed him to be closer with Gur and i= tivities. He decided to propagate the teachings and philosophy of urs lor whiche joined the SNDP while he wast Trane Wes Oi started a night school for the deprived castes like Parayas rea Xurava Ayyappan was stimulated by it, He also hada ceo ‘on with Kumaran Asan, the disciple of Guru. Though Asuna ‘opinions regarding the activities of Ayyappan, he never disked 7 ener etuming oC apenas lt ‘tablished wider appreciation and support fom his pele yp The yanasytem, whch ad been rote depy nb mS Indians for centuries could not be easily eliminated. ner bility and unapproachability made the life of the people couse Teen oneness ofall humanity apd universal otto Sealy comprehended by the Hindu rulers of Travaco® 9 it Thismade the eradication of untouchability a hercules 84% Tie lke Ayyappan. In his opinion caste had tobe eraica! ‘ment of brotherhood. Irespective of caste and creed, it | alia, pesutnas nd he Dip of Rat _ en . ssincheas Appr ersten fog appt cent tod poche we wel for communal representation ie waned ‘gee the cae dacnaon and tecaty nthe Hine cee soit upheld the atest priniples of Ou sad fr tha he So ged vous rogaine. Aa prt fh scl argyle be ade Siete neat to get of caste by the twin ean of ce Shing and intermarig, or which he lunched the condo mc Em plas of the Fskava movement stared by Gara” He preached oot precede concep of equality among the ates For he flere {Thssim be funded he SahodaraSanghanan sociation of ates, tod Troighot hit fe he foght agains cste and socal ney nwa guint cat hierrchy and Brahmin hegemony, ‘ryapan inched the nase course pi Hindu and ds sce. By challenging Hin region, he nde rete the dco of Gru. As agin the metphy nue of Gare ‘yeppen, who asa revolutionary, crested by modem, ned ‘eu Hindus! While Ayyappan ciiaed Hinde rion fr to sstthanan apes Gra phe the humana and eal leat tlio acon cure and society. He mdifed the mesage of Gara ne cate oe reign and one Go for man int ‘no ease orion ‘40 Go for man® 47 )pan viewed interning to achieve the destracon of ese Saat whch undermined theidalofbroeoed. nis opin de tt was extent forthe welfare ofthe sect He mes tet mph on he dt une, aan ak ot ca img Bt He sald further cate was anv and perio td Voce td inter marige were the only mean fo ig ed Seba onPeton and hated. The bition of unter ws Ss Somat tha entoucabity an “oie sole, he eld - 4 Atitons ee his activa in sgh by Iuching the taste eked the Ang & moverent for interning wt Cert Petoning of «social revelation, ina meting beld at inorgnct tChn on yap apn, Ayaan tend adcate cast sytem, Only thee pope wcepted tas Scanned with CamScanner150 Schade ppp, ‘ callenge, Kora Vaidya, Raman Pa and Nada Aaa, Gea ined the venture. Though it was a success it ceed many people controversies tht had far eaching impact i the vcety, Lily be ‘arned him the dergatory tiles Palayan Ayyappan’ Pulayacan' et ‘Aypappan wis abled a outcast and rebel ‘Bt the initial harsh reatment didnot top AYyappan. Parte e strongly advocated for inter-ining asthe only way to eradicate ate distinction, He proclaimed inter dining as « movement against scl Inequality andcasteism. But the enti sciety opposed him. Some et cued that he was aguinst Gra. At this moment he appealed fer the advice of guru. Guru wrote to him that ‘whatever may be the religion, Tengu, astm, caste or dress of individuals there i nahn male cent in inter marrying and nter-dining between them ince they belong, fe The support of guru was the best example of the cet ofthe movement The movement began at Thundiparambs as parts ofthe tat nny joined in Though wa pri isparity between diferent castes like Ni, " aoa pared te dtincion among he sbcates of Babee Meh period it ould 8 3° levance in the later ire Hindu soc” movement lost the re a alter the ent nificant changes inthe society and could of Kerala several rato “Ayyappan advocated intermarriage fr nea sen tig enh c-operion snes munities, Ayyappa argued that elon. scene TAA ent oe all attested tothe fact that intermarriage ne cre fendveatd intermariage sx saat 10 the om ‘tees which generated communal problems i inn sr dificult job. What could hav - Prepare he way Fr DY OT taboo by law. That was ni twee =e ts and to align thems under the banner of me THe was a humandaran and preached the phi rivers bother terty, With a view to practice it e founded sop of ne nan association fr brotherhood. He formed i Lani i veform activities and t propagate the de to ongaize He 3 sivcted speeches and circulated pamphlets and art ac tte hs wsion, He got many followers They begat 9 ip es of Gara and Ayyapan- He began 0 publah some rey writing trough the newspapers. Laer, s0me ReWspe evolutionary articles. Realising the situation he de- ‘which resulted in the begin- pes of a ‘ayyappan cm os sonra arte manch putin of his own srrete journal anda newspaper inthe same name Sahoderanin 1917 ced at eitor tits end by 196.9 This was a turning pot in thebistry of SahodarSangham and socal eform movement of Kerala (On the very fist Sue he slated the vision and mission that “Sodan dost have any caste of religion”. Brotherhood is the cal cate and religion aocordng to Ayyappan. He farther sated that “excyone shold think and act above the caste and should love and rpc eachother” It covered diverse topes which show his wide Anowiege over various sabjects and his aim of ringing social equl- "ty He advocated secularism through Sahodaran. Some texts fom the edd Upihds wee nd i tao wit cotenpory {tee Tr up the oc ee of the readers he pulsed artes ‘Re Tamaya Rabasya Rajaram Mohan Roy, Chaturvarnya, Hind rng erate Hind Mahar’ et. cy epg eon the grees of principles fra tb Kerala were the results of his hand work, He became instr Scanned with CamScanner96 Sahodaran Ayyappa series of legislation, including the Cochin aa Matra Bil and Cochin Ezhava Patriarchal Bil, Ada Pra thine the Panchayats and te Chil Mariage Act “sher his retirement from active political hfe, Ayyappan ded cated more on social welfare programs. AYyappan founded the ‘See mental in the enactment Narayana Sevika Suna along with his wife. Asa part of his activites JAvmppan planned to rake Sece Narayana Gir a plce near Alva where ur used to meditate) holy place and placed Sreenarayana Gina the cenze of Sree Narayana Sevika Samaj. He constructed a ‘Garumandit at the biltop ad started a school fr the poor children Incr it became «major pilgrim centre. Avyappan passed away on March 6,964 His body as taken to Sreenarayana Giri and buried there His socal services were continued even after his death by his wife Parvathy Ayyappan and his followers. By his words and deeds, Sahodaran Ayyappan was a ational, an Avant Grade criti Reali inthe trv sense of the term. Notes and References (i) M Sanden Fm Braman f bai, Hes, An anger an doy nel Plad 08 3.29 ta) mapas 61 Bit 8 {a A Sear Meson Kel ste nd Mater Mads 17 B22 {s} Shoraur Karthikeyan, Schodaran Ayyappan (Biography), Kotayse (0M Sader op ont in) Reh, Sida Ayappan: Overcoming Nara Gur Ft fine com ed 01 iw ma (6) A Seer Menon KenlrumSethnre Sanareva Oth tam bp i} Madr. tp. tn} id pane (a) ip es {a} Puta Raghavan, Kaa Putrpevarne Chetive O Tesh (Sha Kareen. op. >. and he Dp of Radiation > fos) dp thi, p98 fn MSahadevan, of lt p.296-298 faa Shormur Kartikeyaa, ol, p30 Scanned with CamScannerfa] Vasu Thillery “Malabarile Adth : mee aii 5} Deep Jo. My of Pen Kea ser com a) Pappa Raghavan pct 6. sa] Deeps Joe op sa) Padeppah Raghavan, pcp ty se) Var ery. opt 0. [53] NP Rajendan, Froth Estate Maronam, Madhya Mn, arenes Books Kohikode, 204 pt (st) KP. Kena Menon, Katha, Kodhbode 1957, p16 (er) Var They. pect 544-54. 7 Raghavan. Swudenahimeninade Ptbraprvatanam er Pate ), Kerala Pret Academy, Ko mes, ook Kapa {op} Seedbare Menon, Kerala Chatham. DC m4 [el G Proyadrmn, Kerala Fethrapraverthanam, Herman Gundert and the Evolution of Print Movement in Kerala S.R yINcY wm Candet wa s German missionary whale. reform eg sat ingen inlays. known fr hs poneering eae, ‘te dereopment f Maya language and cltre Gander some ‘nb fo monary work and a par of Masel Minion be rece aber net Kerala) and ted dwn ni et Tannery ‘Dewgt Gunde! wat missionary he has made remarkable cour ‘em drone daciplines such as lnguag, ator. jrrmninn, ter. seer scence region, grography,aatronomy et. Cundet played ¢ mien ie Kerala's cultural development eonann Cundert was born in Stuttgart, the capital cy of Baden Fersenbert, Germany on 4 February ii" Til the Second Wend Srv Wicnemberg Bible society’ 18 ha and became «strong ado Stee movement in Germany. ‘Hermane + mother Onrwtiana one aut teow wornan. Herman was named ae the ro0g e- soe # Lat sed Chana Herman Dt Chere canna hero of Germans who fought nguina Romans daring the SCADA hme Gane ny ue a i a Scanned with CamScanner= men ine Pt et ng end tay vs ry comet th Wg Fighly influenced by the relgiows principle of his amy sed father Ludwig was the secttay of the Bible Socey, een ‘ome ft whcheped ean me be Tata jane te tn chee Sep de eee eS toda By tn Henan bg oe termes ing and publishing as his father started the polishing of ag tan Seatgar non Maptne Te ene far Noth lneniegeon pring dwg om caren fn capene wit te tapes ptm oer aa "age nen ns fe Tne! ned Herman ee neg ont ond bed olny bw mag mde Maulbronn Life In [Link] age fy Hermaaa joined the Maulrons atin chon tery aroun schol Fanded inthe a A.D? Hermann wat ony an rnary student, learned history. feogaphy, maton fom i rsnary school, History was hk fivoute subject, Along wiht ead mastered diferent languages ike Hebrew, Grek Lan. Engi ted Prench Heenan was very much inpresed withthe bjt tary erp the war history of Europ. Hermanns fit tea wk ‘povalto ahs study The arte about the “Tit Jes wa Tope was relly an outstanding work which cle indents thee torial ene and obvervtion sls of Hermann. He als ld pet $e wanted to become airy eit ‘teenager Hermann sowed sone dite gui he ee se prevaled inthe achoa. Sometimes be wanted to eee the nl Ise eer alowed nto om Ds Pte tome interest n muse, He fund musi as a medium 0 cantly Sess and ous, He was ore iatersed in the ml re? ike win, plano and organ” Hermann used to tend the certs and wrote about music and songs a ‘Though he was interested in history, he ere ee Iublandthesogy 1 was during his Maufbronn shoo! i ‘on the 3 years of war in 1850 fore = veto tine AB ed oe a a ea! name oe fora me om tt Di Ss oy and plsophy Like moto he oer sey, Sree ne eh ele See saber se nt etabinge University nto Hegel an Stun Hi pcp ree ee Se Se dowel ae de SE a ‘etek so. Abost he memories this mother Chine be mee, oe thganr? ia bs cea a eee acem ex oe ce ated en eae CSS ee peer a el Bt» or ear ae apiay of eos a ee lager ou wal invrscommre tg ea ctf s!century onwards. From here Hermana was expose tothe Sotie tuny od Seat Eee gl ae (othr: ofos and wited veh acne {Sate tes cpetety to er tle ‘tins, Port he resid is oh ca ga “Sesh tr uw ay ew ae theo of Aathony Now Groves ah Eapuh casey “sytem inher jney ni” At on ran Cente misinry nie Herman ged ‘hn te eben he weed it na td wi “roany fr slang, eh nH or dein elon Tange ey tg on, Hermann joined the fanous Tubingen university for ‘october 18m, Hermann was morn enced Reap Ss Gundert in India Tada OMT 1835 at the age of 22, Hermann started his jourey to nee ar ea thers to nia * During his journey he spent more tine __ Scanned with CamScanneray tm Conde nh Pit Moen kg oer bot indian nate languages ke Bengal Uli th pang pp to Calcuta, the sip moved towards Madras de othe advo tatic conditions By July 7.896 Hermann reached Made the, oath impart ona ath ae bisa He intel vera ay. This was ate he decide to stat hie inary tp mTianelvel Herma was very much impresed with he peas sty and knowledge of Rents which he ized extend rey Imowledge He stayed with Rhenius and through the interactions He mann earn Tara native language of Madras. twas ding this prog that Herman started writing of word! history tl the bint of Chat a Tamil language ‘Asa pat of mislonary activity Hermann moved to Chior, ai lage in Taal Nadu-Andhra border along with Grove and fad. His sion fr languages helped him to lear Telugu another south nda Tanguage During the journey to Chiftor he met two lady masons tes Jule Dubois French-speaking Switzerland misionary and Hasna Tome of Baghdad" They worked together the missionary tities at chittor which lly changed the life of Hermann. He was tracted shith the loving and pleasant Julie Dubels and decided to marry hes “Tey got married on 23 July 1438 at Chittor withthe support of Ms Lesley and hs family. They decided to continue their missionary ie and joined the Basel Mission ‘Wile he was inthe missionary work in Truchirappali, Hermann was invited to Mangalore by Hermann Mugling, « missionary fiend from Tubingen. Then the Gundert couple moved to Mangalore on = tober 1838. During the journey to Mangalore they reached Nagas and later entered Kerala, Gundert in Kerala tt was on 6! October 1898 that Hermann and Jl reached T0 core, the southernmost state in Kerala. They stayed there foc days and visited some nearby places. His experience i= MO ft, described in his dary as “a gited land with ich ereeneY AP ‘Ha illo From there they travelled to Mangalore By CO, ilare by November. He and Fraly Gun. 04 Gotlord Wyse sey win Fortunate al De SEN av woe alba ( Name wi wee vortices om Ahan sci Hermann wanted 0s Michel athe waste Morar activities of Michael inthe fld of educaton, Gees 7 soerery treet Michael in bray 83. Aer otha i ‘oh Mca at Ancharsandy, Gander capo the pte sehonry aces at Thlasiery. Very soon he decide eey which later became the major centre of he md set's tcl fe. He got the permission to begin a mistion entre ‘alse ae fy receiving the erminion from Basel Mision, Gunde cope ssoyedto Malabar and sted at Thalassery in Ap 699 they ng {yond place to sete down in Thalassery icine was eb sad Sel lc esto Thlasery town there Gander ed or ety yeas The house where they stayed was contributed by Me Sng Dstt Judge. which ater came to be known as Gundert Bhavan te bith place of his literary works and all his children(erman Sum Lig, Mari (mother of Nobel prize winner Hermann Hews) Cs tana, Frederic Powel and David) Through the efforts of Gander Tha, Iusery emerged as the teary centre of Kerla. rom 18960189 under served India and in 1859 he ret 0) si tamed du to poor heath con: literary and Cultural Contributions of Hermann Gundert e sat hmitsonary work washis prime concern Hermann Gude ao Hentai contributions in the Sd of language and ene. ‘a Gages uso for language and showed reat inet er rt proficient in any languages peal sth dan Takuan laa, Tar ele, Kanada te: Hispano Iam, Alappuzha and Cochin, where they met wit an secs ‘nd heritage motivated Gunder to Jean Sanskait. For Scanned with CamScannerPoet ng th spine hr tate ‘month, Very soon he tuted wig Nays wey 2813p safora sytem stay af Nall pag op ee Literary contributions From 140 onwards Gunde! begen writing a Nay Ln langag, ronson and uses Gander gers ‘iter in Malayalam by ubshing ome bcs cada oe ‘mr (alayelabhashaVakarenan) andthe fee Mae ee leony gh ied wo mir works fda a ioe worse Kerth, Kel ath. ahah Muhamed Charon, Poarpa Chatham, Loach Krsth Saba Chartram aka CharthraSenchepam Mage yam, Navaniaude Pchama lia woke core eee ics uch as history, folKloe, proverbs place mune hay, Ch studies, grammar, bigraphy,tavelogs, memes Gunde ta tmae some lala rarltons of fous works ch pga progress ofJohn Bunya’ it Sanchasiyude Proyana He made 2 easton f bible Malayalam. Gunde ade note nt ‘ins for he development of Malyalu pos and gamma SuvteshaSamgrahan,SathyavedaSambshepeChertram Sie sha Kadhakal, Smarana Vidhya, Pathan Samgraham, Sahel [ehihasam ee were the stable works base on bean gion "Dt trasation of Question-anwer bok of Marin Ltr and Ces enscCeller and ‘Naraital Obkeyum Arye Samah ae hartham he translated work of Clement Paiva) te weet catechism text books i ‘under showed interest in the itary of era: laches Kealacharthrum, Kruthuebha Chrthram, Keoay Pashana, Mleyela Rayan, Loke Carre Sombie MOO ‘madly Charro, Plarpa Charthram te wee tm {eal works, The fl cltre and tadons of Kerb al fo the wings of Gunde. Loca sages, myths sai omg included in his wrtngs. Peshanchol Maala, Aamo MOT Pashanchol, Oryram Pehanchl, Aayirahlrnot PGT ss par ofthe Work was Bogan by 150 and wes et Fr a eae et cee Forte completion of hs woke refenedseveaina te Fr mang ttn he iment a a tantcon eer ete seer eo ne Som ete ecm a ene increta ncaa eae SS Scitnorprarttce ian heme rexel ag co at ad Statice ed re a me Sic tneonmna none cmen l fina heroiempa cee ea en Seon” Fos empann napa cna Rite ee ords. The dictionary was nt ju : sor tear Zachara, Gunde wa ale populste rte Hat and made tthe standard name fo thelanguage ‘page eit Pblcations tha the name and content of Malyalam ot oF ec Hourshed, tn adition tothe grammatical anliterary ‘were the major works on local proverbs These works ‘The also collected and edited some old teary tats Scanned with CamScannerMaman ine nd Pt No ang In the field of Journalism Hermann Gundert is also credited with the development of jurnaiam He was involved inthe beginning of the ft ma? newspaper, Rajyaamacheram in 4847 from Tikka in rt TL ts end in 1850, «2 sues ofthe newspaper wee pabibed fp nutamacharam was ried a he printing pres etablsed by mag Mission at ikkunn. Instead of iterary language, be wed poplar common language in the paper. Besides Ratytamacharam be another newspaper journal named Pschimodajemin iq. wien tention to popularize the western ideas and thoughts among Keriay (his friend Frederic Muller was the editor ofthe paper). Unie ne Jyasamacharam there was «fixed price forthe newspaper (wo na persue and } rupees for annual subscription?™ TE Rajyasamacharam was aimed in religious propagation and mi sionary works, Paschimodayam mainly forthe propagation of weirs Jknowledge. The name ite denotes the aims and objectives of the pe pet General knowledge, scientific and technological knowledge ge ‘graphy, history, astrology ete were included in Pachimodayam. Fer the completion ofthis tak he received assistance from the lca emer ‘ike Kaniyan Kad, Moolii Ramet [Link] Gurdias ‘mar, Yekob Ramavarina,Paval Chandran etc** The primary lemons oo printing and publishing aquired from hs father helped Gunde ithe development of Malayalam hterature and journalism. In the field of education ae earned the va of education fom Tubing ‘rp org sare Hike oe a me ‘was an eager educationalist who worked hard for the develops cation a Kerala As part of Basel mission Gunde cou ES the mistion of edcatng the literate people of Taam Te indthatedcation very portant forthe vce eM tnd they popularized the importance of education toa sionary work Both played prominent olen the expansion ona Kerala epi Mab. They tok inate 95 lumen of veveral primary schools keg choo ih workers and school for orphans. we _ stared an Ens preschool at Thlasery in as a ce ania he whoo Wat & pat of mishenaty eo raed es ate nthe cha by proving ak ne rede. The school proved success Agu ce eS Malaya shoal on he porch fis bungalow at He sates alo brought several scholars and pundits tod se san mony ad etre" Uae be are ae 2 ear Tealasery Fort 1840 he tated another one suse Poy soon he expanded hs activites othe nearby places sexo Mabe ee Furthermore, Gander itedaced Ge ss Ao emary schools which gave importance to phyla ce ey wel tcl ued oe sree nana to the gl athe bungalow ok Tiemann Gander hinself ate ata teacher and tught English pum tatory and theology. He frequently vied the schol in Gunnery tne about functioning. Altes let hs apotn, seats the Go + school agpector for Malabar an Canaan wor Hs appointment atthe schoo inepector helped in the devel spect ofthe sites of education in Malabar As ached inpector rorke forthe uplitment of education fortwo years. Though he sett only for «short prio his contributions fn the Bld of ed cadon wer outstanding, He gave more importance to the quality of the textbook fr school. He himself wrote some tutor boos or seins, Patamala, Malayala Vyakaranam Chodyotharam School Pan hermann-gundet, accessed 08 2/1 [s} yothishkumat,Aisyapuram, op it. yy ~ sas Payorm andl we sew facebook com/gundertsceypota educator rfmer 6 ae ger ngust and german Mstonay was ares ear pat. Apyapera OPH 4 ty Sytlnma A jo Bids io) Bid. PP tid 9 s qnder:portalde/ accessed on 2/209 fu) ps 1 ion Ayepara op [Link] fos) Bs fo) i fa) Kunnbodsth Chesan, Malate bashayum DrHerans Gunter XK RSrthers Cale, 997. 9-327. [)Jotihkumar, Ajayaparam opt it, p28 fn] tipsiwww keralacalture org/hermann-gundert/638,scesed on ununthodath, Cherian opt it, pp. 6-7 id Hermann Gander, Kerala Pashama, Keallpathy,Aayirathiorunoors Pathamchol, Sahitya Pravarthaka Cooperative Socery, Kota, (a) psa under portal de ccesedon 9/1/20, 2 Jothidhamas, Ajaynpuram, ot cit, p66 {a} hpe/malayalamproject [Link]-gundert, accessed os) fs ba - bn ape the eae ‘Sruthowvhetnsop fp do 9) othe 1 ee 8 pair ns hindubusineline con/Mink/takeaway/roting round ce acessed on 19/12/2018. :Ahyapura opt 7 4 herman hess de/node/867,acesedoni92/2019. Seshook con gundertoctypsuedcatr reform mann-gunr ings and perman-miioary was seed Scanned with CamScanner342 Herman Gundert and the Print Movement in Kerale ‘on 20/12/2019. sw thehindv,com/news/national/Kerala/contibutions + avalam-recaled/aticle6957385-ec, accessed on ao 19. [32] https:// dert-to-