Technological Forecasting & Social Change 186 (2023) 122152

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Technological Forecasting & Social Change

journal homepage: [Link]/locate/techfore

Analysis of artificial intelligence-based technologies and approaches on

sustainable entrepreneurship
Brij B. Gupta a, e, f, *, Akshat Gaurav b, Prabin Kumar Panigrahi c, Varsha Arya d
a
International Center for AI and Cyber Security Research and Innovations & Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung
413, Taiwan
b
Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA
c
Indian Institute of Management Indore, India
d
Insights2Techinfo, India
e
Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
f
Center for Interdisciplinary Research at University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Keywords: Research in the field of entrepreneurship has grown dramatically in the last decade and currently covers a wide
Sustainable development variety of topics and concerns. Development in the field of artificial intelligence has a positive and negative
Business entrepreneurship impact on sustainable development. The current debate on sustainable development emphasizes the relevance of
Artificial intelligence
the environment, behavioral goals, and economic models to achieve sustainable goals, particularly in impov­
Sustainable development goals
erished nations. However, recently, researchers have proposed the use of algorithms and models based on
artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve sustainable development goals. In this context, this study intends to shed
light on AI’s crucial role in aiding sustainable development. To accomplish this goal, we collected data from
Scopus (1994–2022). This includes a total of 482 research articles. The investigation shows the most essential
patterns of study, enabling the visual mapping of Thematic Maps to suggest several new research paths. The
results in the paper indicates that there is a positive relation between AI and environment development on
sustainable entrepreneurship.

1. Introduction Vereeck, 2005). Moreover, some authors believe that sustainable

entrepreneurialism can only be achieved through the overall develop­
Entrepreneurship and sustainability development have been brought ment of the environment and economy with the help of people (Schal­
together to create a new field “sustainable entrepreneurship”. Even tegger and Wagner, 2011). However, researchers are still unable to
though it has been widely disseminated in recent years (Dean and completely define the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship (Belz and
McMullen, 2007). An important milestone in sustainable development Binder, 2017; Schaltegger et al., 2016; Lumpkin et al., 2013). It is
was established in 1987 by the WCED, which is being used by govern­ essential to know about sustainable development to grasp the notion of
ments, corporations, and civil society groups worldwide to help create a sustainable enterprise (Hossain, 2021; Mansour et al., 2022). Increasing
more sustainable world (Whalen, 1987). It’s been reported by re­ the number of people who start their own businesses is critical for the
searchers as well. It is sustainable development when current re­ progress of a country. In terms of creating jobs, boosting the economy,
quirements are met without jeopardizing the capacity of future launching new businesses, and influencing social change and evolution,
generations to satisfy their own (Goel and Joshi, 2017; Yunis et al., the success of entrepreneurship is critical for all nations (Yaşlıoğlu and
2020). However, for some researchers, it can be sued to solve environ­ Yaşlıoğlu, 2020). Fig. 1 represents the factors that affect sustainable
mental and social issues (Fahs and Abou-Faycal, 2018; Gerlach, 2003; entrepreneurialism.
Schaltegger et al., 2016); but for some researchers, it is the need for Academics and practitioners see sustainability as a multifaceted
economic development (Boons and Lüdeke-Freund, 2013; Crals and term. As a result of bringing together the principles of sustainability and

* Corresponding author at: International Center for AI and Cyber Security Research and Innovations & Department of Computer Science and Information Engi­
neering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
E-mail addresses: bbgupta@[Link] (B.B. Gupta), [Link]@[Link] (A. Gaurav), prabin@[Link] (P.K. Panigrahi).

[Link]
Received 22 March 2022; Received in revised form 26 October 2022; Accepted 1 November 2022
Available online 11 November 2022
0040-1625/© 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
B.B. Gupta et al. Technological Forecasting & Social Change 186 (2023) 122152

The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 pre­

sents the literature survey. Section 3 presents the relation between
sustainable development and environmental variables. Sections 4 and 5
present the research methodology and results. Section 6 presents the
theoretical and practical implications. Finally, Section 7 concludes the
paper.

2. Literature survey

A recent research on AI-based Sustainable Entrepreneurship is

described in this section. A wide number of industries have been affected
by the rise of artificial intelligence. Consider how AI is predicted to
impact global productivity, equality, and many other aspects of our lives
in the next few years. Because of this, researchers are recommending the
use of artificial intelligence (AI) for sustainable growth (Bibri, 2020;
Subotić et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2020).
The authors (Saheb et al., 2022) proposed a new approach to topic
modeling that combines LDA, BERT, and clustering. The authors
analyzed the content of linked scientific articles to determine the pri­
mary academic issues, subtopics, and interrelated topics in sustainable
AI in energy research using computational analyses. There were eight
main themes that emerged from the suggested investigation. The au­
Fig. 1. Sustainable development. thors of the report also made 14 suggestions for possible directions for
further research. In another study, for the 17 Sustainable Development
entrepreneurship, it generally assumed that the goods or services being Goals, the authors (Hsu et al., 2022) used a combinatorial fusion
given would be good for the natural world; people’s right to life; and approach to merge a topic model classifier with a semantic link classi­
society. The idea of sustainable entrepreneurialism, which is based on fier. The authors use rank-score characteristic function and cognitive
conventional entrepreneurialism, is based on the idea that sustainable diversity of the models to describe and analyze each unique model. In
goods would provide economic advantage or profits (Dean and this work, the authors used a combination of scores and a combination of
McMullen, 2007; Kuhlman and Farrington, 2010; Yaşlıoğlu and ranks to assess the classification results of the combination of model
Yaşlıoğlu, 2020). Educators in sustainable entrepreneurship help people scores and combination of ranks. To achieve their aim of study, the
to learn how to make the most of the resources they now have while also authors (Li, 2022) of this work constructed a sustainable development
minimizing the impact they have on the ability of future generations to assessment system of urban and rural spatial resources using artificial
use those resources (Hermes and Rimanoczy, 2018). “protection of the intelligence technology, which they then used to properly choose and
environment, life support, and community in the pursuit of perceived standardize the evaluation variables and indicators to correctly assess
chances to bring into existence future goods, processes, and services for urban and rural spatial planning. In this study, urban-rural spatial
gain, where gain is generally considered to encompass economic and standards are examined and a method is developed to assess their
non-economic advantages to people, the economy, and society” (Shep­ applicability. The article also defines the criteria to assess its suitability.
herd and Patzelt, 2011). This concept highlights that sustainable The results of the experiment reveal that the planning strategy is highly
entrepreneurship is not just about starting new sustainable businesses adaptable to the environment and reasonable. Furthermore, in this
but also about reforming and managing existing businesses so that they article (Liu et al., 2022), the authors also intend to design a way that can
are sustainable as well. As a result, sustainable entrepreneurship can use the best AI approaches to help decision-making for long-term op­
occur in start-ups, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and large erations based on lifecycle data. Reinforcement learning, in particular,
corporations to varying degrees. Sustainability and fairness are the goals can be used to assist decision making at various points in the life of an
of sustainable entrepreneurship, as Hall et al. (2010) points out, and this artificial intelligence (AI) system. Afterward, a generalized method is
is why it is so important. presented to apply reinforcement learning to decision support based on
The previous paragraphs explain the concepts of sustainable devel­ lifetime data, such as operating and maintenance data. Using a case
opment and its dependence on other factors such as environmental study of multinational automotive manufacturing, the strategy has been
conditions. However, with recent developments in the field of artificial shown to be effective. In this research, artificial intelligence technolo­
intelligence (Fatemidokht et al., 2021; Cvitić et al., 2021; Ren et al., gies and techniques are evaluated as potential candidates for new sus­
2021) to solve many research problems (Alsmirat et al., 2019; Mishra tainable business intelligence applications (Ligeza et al., 2021). There
et al., 2021; Elgendy et al., 2021), many researchers recommend tech­ are several basic aspects that define the functional features, strengths,
niques for sustainable development based on artificial intelligence (Akl and influence of chosen technologies on the long-term growth of Busi­
et al., 2021; Azar et al., 2018). In this context, we conducted this ness Intelligence. Technology from the past and the present was
detailed survey to analyze the effect of artificial intelligence (Tarhini analyzed in terms of the most important aspects. The final results show
et al., 2022; Sharma et al., 2022) on sustainable development. The main that novel AI applications in BI may have a significant effect. The
objective of this survey is to find the answer to the following research findings of this research could have a significant impact on manage­
questions: ment’s ability to choose and combine AI-related technologies effec­
tively. It is a good starting point for future conversations about how to
• What are the recent research themes related to the integration of make progress in certain areas, as well as the apparent synergistic effect
sustainable development and artificial intelligence. and the potential for implementation.
• what are recent work in the field of sustainable development related
to AI 3. Environment and entrepreneurship sustainability
• How sustainable development is related to environmental change.
Entrepreneurship has evolved in recent years, and researchers are
now claiming that it is interconnected with every aspect of our world. It

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is infused with social ideals associated with economic growth and also Table 1
with environmental development. In another way, the growth of a Different approaches relating environmental parameters and sustainable
business or a company is one of the reasons behind it (Galindo-Martín development.
et al., 2020; Sarkodie and Strezov, 2019; İyigün, 2015; Hall et al., 2010). Approach Methology
Some researchers assume that the development of entrepreneurial ac­ (Apergis and Ozturk, Inverted “U” reatin between CO2 and percapita income
tivity leads to the degradation of environmental conditions (Bator, 1958; 2015)
Cropper and Oates, 1992; Pigou, 1932); however, some researchers do (Stokey, 1998) Inverted “U” reatin between income and pollution
things opposite to that (Cohen and Winn, 2007; York and Venkatara­ (Culas, 2007) Inverted “U” reatin between income and deforsetaion
(Gu and Zheng, 2021) Inverted “U” reatin between three wast parameters and
man, 2010; Dean and McMullen, 2007).
income
(Shen and Xu, 2000) Inverted “U” reatin between three wast parameters and
3.1. Effect of entrepreneurship on environment GDP
(Sinha et al., 2017) “N” Relation beteen carbon emission and income
Social, economic, and environmental values are the three funda­ (Grossman and Krueger, Relaion between growth of economy and quality of
1991) environment
mental philosophies of sustainable business development (Mourad et al., (Feng, 2008) Postive “U” relation between pollution and technology
2020; Dhahri and Omri, 2018). In recent years, researchers have focused (Youssef et al., 2018) EKC model between environment and
their efforts on the development of sustainable entrepreneurship, entrepreneureship
focusing on these three pillars of sustainable intermediate ship devel­ (Tamazian et al., 2009) EKC model between different real ord issues and
sustaniable entrepreneureship
opment. They have discovered that the development of sustainable
(York and Venkataraman, Positive relation between environment and
intrapreneurship requires a balance of economic and social growth 2010) development
(Thompson et al., 2011). The author in (Gu and Zheng, 2021) attempted
to illustrate the environment’s models in relation to entrepreneurship. In
this work, the author attempted to depict the link between economics, future due to fresh coronavirus outbreaks brought on by the disease’s
environmental development, and entrepreneurship in this work. The increased virulence. Due to the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and
author wrote the study, which is mostly focused on China. The purpose jobs, officials devised a strategy to mitigate its negative impacts. As has
of this study is to determine the link between the environment and the been the case in previous crises, they enhance growth-promoting forces.
economy using the Kuznet curve. According to this curve, the environ­ Experts believe that entrepreneurialism is a key aspect in promoting
ment and economy have a U-shaped connection; as the economy grows, development. It has become necessary to integrate environmental issues
the environment first declines, reaches a trough, and then begins to into economic growth analyzes due to the current state of the economy.
climb again. The Kuznet curve (Kuznets, 1955) was proposed in 1995, Sustainable development, according to some scholars, would be
providing a link between income disparity and economic growth, and hampered by the scarcity of natural resources (Demirel and Kesidou,
subsequent research has shown a direct link between environmental 2019; Acs et al., 2012; Hall et al., 2010; Galindo-Martín et al., 2020). In
development and economic growth (Adu and Denkyirah, 2017; Dinda this context, the authors conduct a theoretical and empirical examina­
et al., 2000; Buehn and Farzanegan, 2013; Brock et al., 2010). In Youssef tion of entrepreneurial activity based on the Venture Facilitation
et al. (2018) the authors try to represent the relationship between method (Jana, 2020) which the authors conducted in (Galindo-Martín
environmental development and sustainable entrepreneurs with the et al., 2021b), which also considers the experience of the OECD. The
help of the Kuznet curve. The authors used data from African nations authors are interested in experimentally testing how the present eco­
and proved that there is a positive relationship between environmental nomic crisis impacts entrepreneurial activity, with an emphasis on
resources and sustainable enterprise. Also, the authors in (Tamazian financial variables, government policies, and the supply side of things.
et al., 2009) try to show that the EKC curve can efficiently measure Therefore, the authors present a model based on structural equations to
sustainable development and many real-world factors. In addition, there address this problem. It was selected for its efficiency in the case of
are several other authors who illustrate the relationship between envi­ complicated causal models with small samples (Wong, 2013) because it
ronment and change in international commerce (Al-Mulali et al., 2015; allows for links between numerous variables, both observable and
Omri, 2013; Omri et al., 2015), human growth (Costantini and Monni, latent, and estimates effects that are both direct and indirect (Henseler
2008; Gürlük, 2009), and financial development (Omri et al., 2015; et al., 2009). Rather than being exploratory, these models are confir­
Sinha et al., 2017). Many authors are trying to find a relationship be­ matory, since they combine theoretical knowledge and assumptions
tween different environmental parameters and sustainable entrepre­ with empirical data to facilitate statistical confirmation of hypotheses,
neurship growth, more problems with their hypothesis are represented and they may include formative and reflective factors (Hair et al., 2019).
in Table 1. Taking into account the endogenous variable of entrepreneurialism, the
authors of this study developed two models, A and B, to perform the
3.2. Effect of environment on sustainable entrepreneurship empirical estimate. Model B uses a desegregated version of the Global
Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) sub-index to examine how much weight
Sometimes environmental conditions have a negative effect on sus­ each of the indicators has. Both models used the same seven variables:
tainable entrepreneurship development; the effect of the COVID-19 Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development, growth of the money sup­
epidemic on negative economic growth is an example of this situation. ply, interest Rate, fiscal factor, Business Expectations, and
Many researchers have tried to find the relationship between economic Competitiveness.
development and sustainable entrepreneurialism during environmental
crises or epidemic conditions (Acs et al., 2012; Aghion, 2017; Galindo 4. Research methodology
and Méndez, 2014; Galindo-Martín et al., 2021b, 2021a). COVID-19
pandemics have a negative impact on economic growth and employ­ The impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on long-
ment, among other things, which has affected nations that have been term development was examined in great depth in a comprehensive
able to overcome the effect of the global economic crisis. COVID 19, like review of the literature in this field. The review process was guided by
other economic factors, has had a negative influence on entrepreneur­ the PRISMA technique. For the systematic and repeatable examination
ialism. Several businesses have gone out of business as a consequence of and synthesis of current research materials, systematic reviews are
restrictions on travel enforced by governments in an effort to stop the another research technique. Step-by-step instructions for writing this
spread of illness. Owing to decreased demand, firms that continue to paper are as follows: Selection of the database, adjustment of the
operate do so at reduced profits, and many are concerned about the research criteria, coding of recovered data, and evaluation of the

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B.B. Gupta et al. Technological Forecasting & Social Change 186 (2023) 122152

information were all part of this procedure. We use the Scopus database, Table 3
as it contains the vast majority of standard publications. The map in­ Source impact.
corporates articles published in English between 1994 and 2022 to Element H G M TC NP PY
reflect the current state of research around the world. The data was index index index start
collected in April 2022 using the Scopus bibliographic database. We use Journal of Cleaner Production 8 8 0.615 474 8 2010
the following query to collect information about the article from the Sustainability (Switzerland) 11 19 2.2 389 25 2018
Scopus database. Environmental Modeling and 1 1 0.083 218 1 2011
((TITLE-ABS-KEY (entrepreneurship) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (business)) Software
Water Resources Management 5 5 0.357 196 5 2009
AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“Sustainable”) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“artificial Technological Forecasting and 4 4 1.333 163 4 2020
intelligence”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE, “English”)) Social Change
Journal of Scheduling 1 1 0.058 131 1 2006
International Journal of 3 4 0.3 109 4 2013
5. Results and discussion
Production Research
Journal of Business Research 2 2 0.667 99 2 2020
Inquiry into a topic’s bibliographies may provide information on International Journal of 1 1 0.2 91 1 2018
how the subject has progressed and suggest new avenues of investiga­ Health Geographics
tion. An aerial view of a certain location gives an overview of several Procedia Manufacturing 1 1 0.167 87 1 2017
Energies 1 1 0.333 82 1 2020
aspects. This section provides an overview of scientific output
Computer 1 1 0.2 80 1 2018
throughout time, as well as a breakdown by subject area and publication International Journal of 1 1 0.333 73 1 2020
venue of the most frequently referenced papers, institutions, and au­ Information Management
thors. The results of the research are also examined to determine the International Journal of 2 2 0.667 62 2 2020
Management Education
most significant trends in the development of sustainable development.
Journal of Industrial and 1 1 0.5 56 1 2021
AI and machine learning are a hot topic. Table 1 summarizes the in­ Production Engineering
formation in our database. Table 2 shows that our data set comprises Technology in Society 2 2 0.2 52 2 2013
305 publications published between 1994 and 2022, with a total of Applied Sciences 2 2 0.667 48 2 2020
20,902 references for these 305 articles. We can also state that the in­ (Switzerland)
Sensors (Switzerland) 2 2 0.25 48 2 2015
fluence of AI and ML on sustainable development is a fascinating issue,
Lecture Notes in Computer 5 6 0.217 47 8 2000
as there are many writers who worked on it during this period, since Science (Including Subseries
there were 1484 distinct authors who published articles. Lecture Notes in Artificial
Intelligence and Lecture
Notes in Bioinformatics)
5.1. Analysis of source impact

In this part, we examine the sources of the publications. There are other than quality and quantity, such as subject matter. Sankey diagrams
many metrics that can be used to compare the productivity and influ­ are used in Fig. 2 to illustrate this requirement. Sankey diagrams have
ence of sources: number of citations; number of publications; H index; G traditionally been used to depict the transfer of energy or materials in
index; and M index. Consequently, in Table 3, the top ten most pro­ networks and processes. Quantitative information on flows, in­
ductive sources are shown. Table 3 shows that the JOURNAL OF teractions, and transformations is shown in these diagrams. A weighted
CLEANER PRODUCTION is the most cited source, with the most network connects each node in a Sankey diagram, and the incoming
citations. weight of each weighted node is equal to its outgoing weights. The first,
The significance of the source can be determined based on factors second, and third rows in show the source, keywords, and nations,
respectively. In other words, this Sankey diagram may readily express
the fundamental themes in which the corresponding source publishes
Table 2
articles using this Sankey diagram depiction. According to the rules of
Database information.
the Sankey diagram, most sources publish articles on sustainability
Description Results
management and artificial intelligence.
Database information
Time period 1994:2022 5.2. Author and countries distribution
Total sources 305
Documents 482
References 20,902 In this part, we provide statistical information on the authors who
are actively involved in the investigation of the influence of AI and ML
TYPE of document
on sustainable development. There are a variety of methods for identi­
Article 184 fying the most prolific writers on a certain topic. One way to classify
Book 7 writers is based on the number of citations they have received. The
Book chapter 32 author’s stats are shown in Fig. 3a. According to Fig. 3a, the authors who
Conference paper 197
are actively involved in the area include: CHATTERJEE P, HASHEM­
Conference review 31
Editorial 2 KHANI ZOLFANI S,YAZDANI M, ZAVADSKAS EK, ASCOUGH JC, CHEN
Note 1 S, CHEW J, CUDDY S, EL-SAWAH S, ELMAHDI A, HAASE D.
Review 28 The biblomatrix’s distribution of researchers according to countries
is also an important and helpful feature. Researchers in a country are
Keywords judged on this criterion. Fig. 3b shows the distribution of nations ac­
Keywords plus (ID) 3011 cording to the total number of articles published and the authors who
Author’s keywords (DE) 1517
wrote them. It can be seen in Fig. 3b, which shows which countries have
the highest frequency of published articles, that the top 10 countries
Author details with the most articles are.
Authors 1484
Authors of single-authored documents 68
Authors of multi-authored documents 1416

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B.B. Gupta et al. Technological Forecasting & Social Change 186 (2023) 122152

Fig. 2. Source distribution according to keywords.

5.3. Analysis of distribution of articles

In this part, we go into more depth on how research publications are

distributed among scientists. However, not all articles published in the
field of study are of high quality and contain useful information. As a
result, we found highly referenced publications on AI and machine
learning for sustainable development to compile the material for this
article. Table 4 shows the specifics of this type of paper.

5.4. Analysis of trending research topics

In this part, we examine the current research orientations and trends.

To begin, we look at how the paper’s keywords are distributed. The
primary topic of the paper is represented by its keywords. Increasing the
size of each term in Fig. 4a corresponds to an increase in its frequency in
our database of studies. As a result of the research in Fig. 4a, the
following are the most significant keywords:

• artificial intelligence (98)

• sustainability (59)
• sustainable development (29)
• industry 4 0 (27)
• big data (24)
• machine learning (20)
• decision support systems (19)
• decision support system (17)
• circular economy (16)
• IoT (15)
• digital transformation (13)

Scholars’ research interests may be seen via the use of these popular
terms. Since most of the papers deal with AI and sustainability, we may
conclude that the vast majority of researchers are focusing their efforts
on these issues. Keyword growth is also a good parameter to analyze the
research trend. Fig. 4b and c represents evolution and growth of key­
words. From Fig. 4b, it is clear that two important keywords; artificial
intelligence and sustainability show exponential growth during 1994 to
2022. This means that most researchers are working on these research
topics. Moreover, from Fig. 4c, it is clear that before 2005 artificial in­
Fig. 3. Distribution of authors and country.
telligence and sustainable development were the only research topics.
However, after 2005 researchers started working in many different
fields such as decision support system, water supply, business models, risk
assessment, information system, management science. Finally, between

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B.B. Gupta et al. Technological Forecasting & Social Change 186 (2023) 122152

Table 4
Highly cited articles.
Paper DOI Total citations TC per year Normalized TC

(Yazdani et al., 2017) [Link] 228 38 8.1088

(McIntosh et al., 2011) 10.1016/[Link].2011.09.009 218 18.1667 8.4206
(Geiger et al., 2006) 10.1007/s10951-006-5591-8 131 7.7059 4
(Elia et al., 2020) 10.1016/[Link].2019.119791 117 39 10.2696
(Hallstedt et al., 2010) 10.1016/[Link].2009.12.017 113 8.6923 5.1152
(Di Vaio et al., 2020b) 10.1016/[Link].2020.08.019 94 31.3333 8.2508
(Kamel Boulos et al., 2018) 10.1186/s12942-018-0144-x 91 18.2 6.8201
(Waibel et al., 2017) 10.1016/[Link].2017.02.094 87 14.5 3.0941
(Yigitcanlar et al., 2020) 10.3390/en13061473 82 27.3333 7.1975
(Shiroishi et al., 2018) 10.1109/MC.2018.3011041 80 16 5.9957
(Christodoulou and Deligianni, 2010) 10.1007/s11269-009-9441-2 75 5.7692 3.3951
(Nishant et al., 2020) 10.1016/[Link].2020.102104 73 24.3333 6.4075
(Di Vaio et al., 2020a) 10.3390/SU12124851 70 23.3333 6.1442
(Awan et al., 2018) 10.3390/su10124473 61 12.2 4.5717
(Y. Liu, 2013) 10.1080/00207543.2012.720392 59 5.9 4.358
(Tseng et al., 2021) 10.1080/21681015.2021.1950227 56 28 16.8675
(Goralski and Tan, 2020) 10.1016/[Link].2019.100330 55 18.3333 4.8276
(Chung and Lansey, 2009) 10.1007/s11269-008-9300-6 46 3.2857 3.8333
(Mahmoud et al., 2014) 10.1007/s11269-014-0681-4 45 5 6.5625
(Riera Pérez et al., 2018) 10.1016/[Link].2017.12.038 42 8.4 3.1478

2015 and 2022, researchers working in the field of decision making are technologies. Furthermore, this research aims to identify the most cur­
moving their work toward the development of Internet of things. Finally, rent trends in the retail sector. To stay up to date on the latest de­
Fig. 4d represents the trending keywords used by the researchers. From velopments in sustainable entrepreneurship research, we investigate the
Fig. 4d, it is clear that the frequency of occurrence of the highest fre­ work of scholars around the world. Research found that AI, sustain­
quency of keywords artificial intelligence and sustainable development is in ability, sustainable development, industry 4.0, big data, and ML are the
the year 2019. most important topics in the present literature. Therefore, new frame­
Keyword theme diagrams were constructed using coword analysis. A works and methodologies are needed to deal with the issues raised by
thematic map is a visual representation of the relationships between these subjects.
several study areas. Characteristics of centrality and density are used to There is a wide scope of sustainable development in the entrepre­
construct themed maps. To better grasp what is happening now and how neurship sector through the incorporation of artificial intelligence and
far the research area has come, we divided the time period into three other cutting-edge technologies. However, there are still many chal­
parts. The following are the specifics for each era’s themes lenges to develop this field of research. Keeping up with the rapid pace
of technological change is a constant struggle for countries today in an
• Fig. 5a depicts the general evolution of the research phrases related increasingly competitive world. Everyone from government officials to
to that particular topic. There are two main themes two subthemes corporate leaders to nongovernmental organization activists, academics,
one emerging subject and two specialized themes in this collection of and everyday individuals is increasingly worried about their countries’
work. Fig. 5a shows that academics are using AI information man­ ability to compete in the new information economy. Engineers play a
agement and big data to study sustainability IoT economics business critical role in creating a long-term competitive edge for the nation by
development innovation and digital technologies proposing inventive solutions to a wide range of technological and social
• Fig. 5b depicts the evolution of research phrases from 1994 to 2005. problems. Because of this, it is crucial to consider how different it is to
There are one motor theme and one basic theme in this collection of form theories of sustainable entrepreneurship. The lack of legislation to
work. Fig. 5b shows that academics are mainly working on AI and encourage sustainable development in entrepreneurship, the lack of
possible development. understanding of the significance of sustainability, the lack of assistance
• Fig. 5c depicts the general evolution of the research phrases during from the education ministries and the lack of cooperation between the
2005 to 2015. There are two motor themes, two basic themes, one environmental, educational, health, agriculture, and other relevant
niche theme, and two emerging themes in this collection of work. ministries are all issues. Thus, there is a need for the development of new
Fig. 5c shows that academics work in the field of business models and theories and techniques to integrate AI and other latest technologies
management systems. with sustainable development in entrepreneurship.
• Fig. 5d depicts the general evolution of the research phrases during
2015 to 2022. There are two basic themes, one niche theme, and one 7. Conclusion
emerging theme in this collection of work. Fig. 5d shows that aca­
demics are working to develop new models for the industry sector This research examine the present state of sustainable development
using the concepts of AI and sustainable development. in the context of artificial intelligence and machine learning. A benefit of
this work is that it has been shared with academics and retailers alike,
6. Theoretical and practical implications adding to their collective wisdom.
In this paper, a vast number of articles are covered (between 1994
Several theoretical implications can be drawn from this work. First, it and 2022). A broad variety of academic areas have documented the
provided the evolution history of sustainable entrepreneurship over the sustained growth of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods
years. This research analyzes the articles qualitatively and measures all and algorithms. Some examples of research currently being carried out
development scenarios. Second, we analyze all highly cited articles include artificial intelligence, sustainable development, industry 4 0, big
published in the field of sustainable entrepreneurship to understand the data, machine learning, and decision support systems. Scholars are
need and requirement of the respective sector. According to our find­ studying the topic of sustainable development in a wide variety of ac­
ings, the increase in interest in sustainable entrepreneurship is due in ademic disciplines. This interest in sustainable development is evident in
large part to the development and deployment of cutting-edge the contributions made by countries and institutions of various origins,

6
B.B. Gupta et al. Technological Forecasting & Social Change 186 (2023) 122152

Fig. 4. Keyword dynamics.

apart from the geographical and intellectual variety. According to a

growing number of articles and citations, sustainable development ap­
pears to be an increasing trend. Finally, from all the results and dis­ Fig. 5. Trending topics.
cussion, we conclude that AI has a positive impact on sustainable
entrepreneurship. In the future, we include papers from other databases,
such as the web of science, in our research.

7
B.B. Gupta et al. Technological Forecasting & Social Change 186 (2023) 122152

Credit authorship contribution statement Di Vaio, A., Boccia, F., Landriani, L., Palladino, R., 2020a. Artificial intelligence in the
agri-food system: rethinking sustainable business models in the COVID-19 scenario.
Sustainability (Switzerland) 12 (12). [Link]
B. B. G., Conceptualization, Formal analysis, writing, Supervision. Di Vaio, A., Palladino, R., Hassan, R., Escobar, O., 2020b. Artificial intelligence and
A. G., Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing. business models in the sustainable development goals perspective: a systematic
P. K. P., Conceptualization, writing, Supervision. literature review. J. Bus. Res. 121, 283–314. [Link]
jbusres.2020.08.019.
V. A., Conceptualization, writing. Dinda, Soumyananda, Coondoo, Dipankor, Pal, Manoranjan, 2000. Air quality and
economic growth: an empirical study. Ecol. Econ. 34 (3), 409–423.
Data availability Elgendy, Ibrahim A., Zhang, Wei-Zhe, He, Hui, Gupta, Brij B., El-Latif, Abd, Ahmed, A.,
2021. Joint computation offloading and task caching for multi-user and multi-task
MEC systems: reinforcement learning-based algorithms. Wirel. Netw 27 (3),
Data will be made available on request. 2023–2038.
Elia, G., Margherita, A., Passiante, G., 2020. Digital entrepreneurship ecosystem: how
digital technologies and collective intelligence are reshaping the entrepreneurial
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Brij B. Gupta received the PhD degree from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee,
neighborhood scale with a spatial decision support system. Sustain. Cities Soc. 38,
India. In more than 17 years of his professional experience, he published over 475 papers
440–451. [Link]
in journals/conferences including 30 books and 10 Patents with over 17000 citations. He
Saheb, T., Dehghani, M., Saheb, T., 2022. Artificial intelligence for sustainable energy: a
has received numerous national and international awards including Canadian Common­
contextual topic modeling and content analysis. Sustainable Computing: Informatics
wealth Scholarship (2009), Faculty Research Fellowship Award(2017), MeitY, GoI, IEEE
and Systems 35. [Link]
GCCE outstanding and WIE paper awards and Best Faculty Award (2018 & 2019), NIT­
Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu, Strezov, Vladimir, 2019. A review on environmental Kuznets
Kurukshetra, respectively. He is also selected in the 2022, 2021 and 2020 Stanford Uni­
curve hypothesis using bibliometric and meta-analysis. Sci. Total Environ. 649,
versity’s ranking of the world’s top 2% scientists. He is also a visiting/adjunct professor
128–145.
with several universities worldwide. He is also an IEEE Senior Member (2017) and also
Schaltegger, Stefan, Wagner, Marcus, 2011. Sustainable entrepreneurship and
selected as 2021 Distinguished Lecturer in IEEE CTSoc. Dr Gupta is also serving as
sustainability innovation: categories and interactions. Bus. Strateg. Environ. 20 (4),
Member-in-Large, Board of Governors, IEEE Consumer Technology Society (2022-2024).
222–237.
Prof. Gupta is also leading IJSWIS,IJSSCI and IJCAC as Editor-in-Chief. Moreover, he is
Schaltegger, Stefan, Lüdeke-Freund, Florian, Hansen, Erik G., 2016. Business models for
also serving as lead-editor of a Book Series with CRC and IET press. He also served as TPC
sustainability: a co-evolutionary analysis of sustainable entrepreneurship,
members in more than 150 international conferences. Dr Gupta is also serving/served as
innovation, and transformation. Organ. Environ. 29 (3), 264–289.
Associate/Guest Editor of various journals and transactions. At present, Prof. Gupta is
Sharma, D.K., Mishra, J., Singh, A., Govil, R., Srivastava, G., Lin, J.C.-W., 2022.
working as Director, International Center for AI and Cyber Security Research, Incubation
Explainable artificial intelligence for cybersecurity. Comput. Electr. Eng. 103
and Innovations, and Full Professor with the Department of Computer Science and In­
[Link]
formation Engineering (CSIE), Asia University, Taiwan. His research interests include in­
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formation security, Cyber physical systems, cloud computing, block chain technologies,
relationship between the economic growth and the change of the environment in the
intrusion detection, AI, social media and networking.
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Shepherd, Dean A., Patzelt, Holger, 2011. The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship:
studying entrepreneurial action linking ‘what is to be sustained’ with ‘what is to be Akshat Gaurav received the [Link] degree in Computer Engineering (cyber security)
developed’. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 35 (1), 137–163. from NIT Kurukshetra, India. His research interests include information security, cyber
Shiroishi, Y., Uchiyama, K., Suzuki, N., 2018. Society 5.0: for human security and well- security, cloud computing, web security, intrusion detection, and computer network.
being. Computer 51 (7), 91–95. [Link]
Sinha, Avik, Shahbaz, Muhammad, Balsalobre, Daniel, 2017. Exploring the relationship
Prabin Kumar Panigrahi is a professor of Information Systems department at the Indian
between energy usage segregation and environmental degradation in N-11 countries.
Institute of Management Indore, India. He earned his Ph.D from Indian Institute of
J. Clean. Prod. 168, 1217–1229.
Technology, Kharagpur. His research interests include Emerging Technologies, Machine
Stokey, Nancy L., 1998. Are there limits to growth? Int. Econ. Rev. 1–31.
Learning, Text Mining of Vernacular Languages, Technology Adoption, e-Governance, e-
Subotić, Vanja, Eibl, Michael, Hochenauer, Christoph, 2021. Artificial intelligence for
Learning, e-Participation, Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Security and Privacy, Social In­
time-efficient prediction and optimization of solid oxide fuel cell performances.
clusion in Information Systems, and Business Value of Information Systems.
Energy Convers. Manag. 230, 113764.
Tamazian, Artur, Chousa, Juan Piñeiro, Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya, 2009. Does
higher economic and financial development Lead to environmental degradation: Varsha Arya did Masters degree from Rajasthan University, India in 2016 and has been
evidence from BRIC countries. Energy Policy 37 (1), 246–253. working as a researcher for the last 6 years. She published several papers in journals and
conferences. Her research interests include technology management, Cyber physical sys­
tems, cloud computing, healthcare and networking.