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Sum of Inverse Tangents

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25 views6 pages

Sum of Inverse Tangents

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smpidk123
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

  50    31    1 x2
3. sec sin 1   sin –1
  cos cos    15. Hint : y  cos
  9 9  1x
x2
 1
 50   –1
 31    Now 1  1
= sec   sin  sin   cos cos   1x
 9 9 
19. (tan–1x)2 – 3tan–1x + 2  0
  4  4  (tan–1x – 1) (tan–1x – 2)  0
= sec   sin 1   sin   cos 1   cos  
  9   9    
we know that tan –1x    , 
4 4  2 2
= sec    = sec  = –1.
9 9  so tan–1x  2 (not possible) or tan–1x  1
 x  (–, tan1]
5. (sin–1 x + sin–1 y)2 = 2 20. tan (sin –1x) > 1
2

 sin–1 x + sin–1 y = ±  either tan(sin–1x) > 1  sin–1x > tan–11


 1
 sin–1 x = sin–1 y =  sin–1x > sin–1
2 2
 1 1
or sin–1 x = sin–1 y = –  x >  < x< 1
2 2 2
2 2
 x + y = 2. or
2   5 tan(sin–1x) < –1  sin–1x < tan–1(–1)
8. x = + + =
3 4 3 4  1  1
 sin–1x < sin–1     –1 < x < 
 2 2
 1 1  5
y = cos  sin  sin   2 2
2 8  so x  (–1, 1) –  2 , 2 
 
1  5 3
= cos    –   = cos . 1  4  
2  8  16 22. cos  cos 1 cos  2   
 2  5  
10. tan–1 2 + tan–1 3 = cosec–1 x
  + tan–1(–1) = cosec–1 x  1 4  2
= cos     cos
2 5  5
 3
– = cosec–1 x  = cosec–1 x  3 
4 4  cos     3 
5  = – cos  
   5 
  1 
 no solution.    cosec x   2   2    
 2 2 & cos  sin     sin  
5 2 5   10 

EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS


 1 1 4 
2 sin    tan 1   tan
1
1  3 =
2. Let cot 1     
 4
 2 3 
2
3
expression = sin + cos = 2 (sin( + /4)) Also cot 2 =
4
1 1  3 1 
= 2 sin  cot     cot (1) 3 3 2
2  4  so sin  + cos  = 1  sin 2  = 5  10
 1  1 1 3 
= 2 sin   tan 1   cot  1  3  
2 2 2 4  1
 As cot     (0, ), sin 2  will be positive 
 4  
 2x 2  1   
 1+ –k<0  k > 1 +
7. –1
[Link] x = cot  –1
 2 2
 2 x 1  x 2 
  
Let cos–1x =   k   1  , 
 2 
 cos 2  
2 = cot–1   2(x 2  1)  1 1
 2 cos  sin   13. Let y = = 2 + 2
(x 2  1) (x  1)
Case I : If cos > 0, x > 0  0 < x < 1 then  2<y  3
2 = cot–1cot2 = 2 (identity) 5 5
Now sin–1siny   –  –y  –
2 2
Case II : cos < 0, which not satisfy the equation
5 2x 2  3 5
 1  x2   y   
2 x2  1 2
8. sin–1 1  x 2   = cot–1  
2  x  Now it can be solved
14. < an > is 1, 2, 22, ........ 2n–1
  1
Let  = sin–1x, 
2
   , x  0,  0
2 < bn > is 1, 1 , 2 , ..... 1n 1
2 2 2

so sin–1cos + = cot–1cot  
2 1
–1
 –1

tr = cot (2ar + b r) = tan 
   1 
sin–1sin    + = cot–1cot  2.2 r 1  r 1 
2  2 
2
  2 r 1 
Case I : If 0 <   = tan  –1
2 ( r 1 )
 2.2 .2 ( r 1 )
 1 
 
then 0    2.2 r 1  2 r 1 
2 2 = tan –1  = tan –12.2 r–1 – tan –12 r–1
 1  2.2 r 1.2 r 1 
  
         n
2 2 2 Now lim  t r = (tan –12 – tan –11)
n  r 1
sin = 1 = x
 + (tan 2.2 – tan–12) + .....+ (tan–12.2n–1 – tan2n–1)
–1

Case II : If     0
2   
= tan–1 – tan–11 =  
2 4 4
  
 0 < –    –<
2 2 2  

 3 
 1 
  
then  –     =  + 
15.  Tr = cot–1  r 2   =  tan  1
1 
r 1  4 r 1
 1  r2  
2  2
 4
+=+
   1  1 
    0  –1  sin < 0 –1  x < 0  r  2    r  2  
2  
=  tan 1  
12.   > 0   (, sin–1) lies in 1st quandrant r 1 1  r  1 r  1 
 k > 0   2   2  
Also the extreme point on the graph of y = sin–1x is
  
 1 
1   1
 1, 2  =  tan 1  r   –  tan  r  2 
r 1 2 r 1

Now it can be solved.


EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS

Assersion & Reason : y = 2, x = –1  0 < y  2}


when
2. x (x – 2)(3x – 7) = 2
 3x3 – 13x2 + 14x – 2 = 0 5
n = 1 or > 1 cos–1 x = y or more(reject)
13 14 2 2
s1 = r + s + t = ; s2 = , s3 = 3 
3 3 3 n = – 1 or < – 1 cos–1x = y or more(reject)
2
 s1  s 3 
tan–1r+tan–1s+tan–1t = +tan–1    sin 1 x 
 1  s2  (ii) cos  y  = 0
 
3 sin 1 x 
=  + tan –1[–1]=  = (2n + 1) & y  0
4 y 2
Hence statement-I and statement-II both are true.

Comprehension # 1 : n = 0 sin –1 x = y
2
 cos 1 x    
1. (i) sin  y  = 1 {  y  –1  y  1}
  2 2 2
When y = 1, x = 1
cos 1 x  y = –1, x = –1
 = 2n + &y0 
y 2 n = –1 sin –1 x = – y
2
 When y = 1, x = –1
 cos–1 x = (4n + 1) y
2 y = –1, x = 1
 Other values of n & y are out of range.
when n = 0  cos–1 x = y 1. (0, 1) & (– 1, 2)
2
2. (1, 1), (1, –1), (–1, 1), (–1, –1)
 3. one one onto
when y = 1, x = 0 {0  y<
2
EXERCISE - 04 [A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

2 (b) y = sec –1 (log 3 tan x + log tan x3) 1  x 


13.  = 2tan–1 
 tan x > 0 & tan x  1 1  x 
Put x = tan
 3 
so D =(2n, 2n + )((2n + 1), 2n + ) 0<< { 0 < x < 1}
2 2 4
 5  1  tan  
– {x | x = 2n + or 2n + }, n  I  = 2 tan–1  = 2tan–1 tan    
4 4  1  tan   4 
x 1  
4. f(x) = cos –1 x + cos –1   3  3x 2  = + 2
2 2  2
 2 2 1 2   1  x2 
(a) f   = cos–1 + cos–1 – cos–1 =  = sin–1 
 3 3 2 3 3 
 1  x2 
1 1 1 1 1  Put x = tan
(b) f   =cos –1 –cos –1 +cos –1 =2cos –1 – 
 3 3 2 3 3 3 = sin–1 (cos 2) = – cos–1 cos (2)
10. Let tan x = a & tan y = b 2

a2 b2  0 <  < { 0 < x < 1}
sin 2 x + sin 2 y < 1  4
2 + < 1
1a 1  b2 
2 2
Solving, we get a b < 1  |a b| < 1  0 < 2 <
2
    
 sin–1 (ab)   ,
2 2    =
2
– 2   +  = 
Similarly value of + can be found out for x > 1
14. (d) sin–1 x – sin–1 (3x – 2) = sin –1 1  x2  2x 
(f) 2tan –1 x 
 1  x 2 
 x 1  (3x  2)2 – 1  x 2 (3x – 2)
 2a   2b 
= 1  x2 = tan –1  – tan –1 
 1  a2   1  b 2 
 x 2(–9x 2 +12x – 3) = (1– x 2)(9x 2 – 6x +1)
 2 tan –1 x = 2 tan –1 a – 2 tan –1 b
 6x 3 – 11x 2 + 6x – 1 = 0
ab ab
1 1  tan –1 x = tan –1  x =
 x = 1, , (reject) 1  ab 1  ab
2 3
 (x  1)  x   (x  2)  (x  1) 
(e) cos (sin–1 x + sin–1 (1 – x)) = cos cos –1 x 15. (c) tan –1   + tan –1  +...
 1  x(x  1)   1  (x  2)(x  1) 
1  x2 1  (1  x)2 – x(1 – x) = x  (x  n)  (x  n  1) 
...+ tan –1 
2
(2x – x ) (2x – 1) = 0 (0  x  1) 1  (x  n)(x  n  1) 
= tan –1 (x + 1) –tan –1 x + tan –1 (x + 2)
1
x = 0, , 2 –tan –1 (x+1) +.....+ tan –1 (x+n)–tan –1 (x+(n–1))
2 = tan –1 (x + n) – tan –1 x
but x = 2 is not possible

EXERCISE - 04 [B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

1. (a) x 2 – 5x + 13 > 0  x  R  ( 2 sin x – 1)2  0


1 – log 7 (x 2 – 5x + 13) > 0
1
 x 2 – 5x + 13 < 7 & ( 2 sin x + 1) 2  0  sinx =
2
 2 < x < 3

 x = 2n + , sin x  0 & x  R
3 6
Also –1   1 
2  sin 92 x
 x = 2n +
6
 –2 – sin 92 x  3  2 + sin 92 x  r  r 1 
3. Hint : T r = sin –1  
9  r(r  1) 
 sin 92 x  –5 & 1  sin x r(r+1)
2 r – r–1
9 r  r 1 
 1 = sin x let sin  =
2 r(r  1) 1+ r (r–1)
4n  1
 x  R & x = , n  I
9  r  r 1 
 21 25  T r = tan –1  
1  r r 1 
 Df =  , 
9 9 
T r = tan –1 ( r ) – tan
n –1( r  1 )
(b) sin(cos x)
Now proceed.
 
 2n –  x  + 2n K 2
2 2 5. cos –1 x + (sin –1 y) 2 =
Now –2 cos 2 x + 3 cos x + 1 > 0 4
2
3  17 3  17  0  cos –1 x <  & 0  (sin–1 y)2 
 < cos x < 4
4 4 2
 0  cos –1 x + (sin –1 y) 2   +
2 sin x  1 4
Also –1   1 (sin x > 0) 2 2
2 2 sin x  0 K   +
4 4
 (2 sin x + 1 –2 2 sin x )  0 4
 0  K  + 1
& 2 sin x + 1 + 2 2 sin x  0 
4 3 3   
2
Also (sin–1 y) 2 cos –1 x = = + 1
cos x  
16 32 2  4
let cos –1 x = t then
3
 K 2  4 ƒ min(x) =
t  4  t = 32
  16 2
3 3   7 3
K 2
 4 ƒ max(x) = +    4  =
 t2 – t + = 0 32 2 8
4 16
12. (b) sin(sin (log 1/2x)) + 2|cos(sin –1(x/2 – 1))|= 0
–1

K 2 4 4
For solution D  0  –  0 1
16 4 –1  log1/2 x  1   x  2 .......(i)
 2
K  4 2
 only integral value of K = 2 x
and – 1  – 1  1
7. (a) (cot –1 x) 2 – 5 cot –1 x + 6 > 0 2
(cot –1 x – 3) (cot –1 x – 2) > 0 x
 0  2  0  x  4 .......(ii)
 cot –1 x < 2 or cot –1x > 3 2
–1
as cot x is decreasing function 1
cot –1 x < 2 or cot –1 x > 3 From (i) & (ii),  x  2
2
 x > cot 2 or x < cot 3
9. f(x) = cot –1 (x 2 + 4x +  2 – ) x2
Also log 1/2 x + 2 x = 0
 x 2 + 4x +  2 –   0 4
Now f(x) has to be onto
 D = 0 x2
2 x = log 2 x... (1)
 16 – 4(2 – ) = 0 4
1  17 (2,2) y=log2x
  =
2
(2,1) x2
11. f(x)=(sin–1x+cos –1x) 3 –3sin –1x cos –1x(sin–1x + cos –1x) y= 2 x–
4
3
  3 
=   – cos –1 x   cos 1 x  (2,0)
 2 2 2 
3
  3 From graph it is clear that equation (1) does not have
=   + cos –1 x  cos 1 x   
 2 2  2
1 
3  
2
2  any solution in  ,2 
  3 1 2 
=   +  cos x    
 2 2  4 16 
 

EXERCISE - 05 [A] JEE-[MAIN] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

2. sin–1 x = 2sin –1 a 2 2 2
x2 y2 2xy y x y
– cos2  + cos2  = 1-x2– +
  4 2 4 4
– sin–1x 
2 2 y2
x2 + – xy cos2 = sin2 
4
    4x2 + y2 – 4xycos2 = 4sin2 
– 2sin–1a  – sin–1 a 
2 2 4 4 6. 2y = x + z
1 1 and 2tan –1 y = tan –1 x + tan –1 z
– a 
2 2 2y xz
 
 xy
2 y2  1  y2 1  xz
3. cos–1   1  x 1   = 
 y 2 = zx
 2 4 
 x = y = z
2
 xy   y2 
 2  cos   = (1 – x2)  1  
   4 
EXERCISE - 05 [B] JEE-[ADVANCED] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

1
1   2
2
2. For ƒ(x) = sin (2x)  to be defined and real  1 y2 
6     
1  1  y2 
 1  y2 
sin –1 2x + /6  0  y 
4
8. (P) 
 y2  1  y2 y  
     
 sin–1 2x  – .......(1)   y 1  y 2 

6    
But we know that –/2sin–1 2x/2 .......(2)
1
–1
Combining (1) and (2), –/6  sin 2x  /2

 1  y2 y2 1  y2

     y 2
4 
 sin (–/6)  2x  sin (/2)  –1/2  2x  1 
 y2  
  
 –1/4  x  1/2
1
 1 1
 D ƒ =  , 
 
1  y4  y4   2
1
 4 2
(Q) A(cosx, sinx), B(cosy, siny) & C(cosz, sinz) lie
2
1
2
on circle x 2 + y 2 = 1
6. 1  x2  x cos  cot 1 x   sin  cot 1 x   1   (0,0) is circumcentre as well as centroid of
 
ABC
Let x = cot   ABC is an equilateral triangle
A
1
2 2
then cosec  cot  cos   sin   1 

x
x–
y–
z
1 z–y
= cosec   cos ec 2   1  2
B C

= 1  cot 2  cot  = x 1  x 2
2
yx 
3
 23  n

7. cot   cot 1  1   2k   yx  1
 n 1  k 1  cos  cos 
2 3 2
 23 1
 2n  n  1        
= cot   cot  1   
 (R) cos 2x  cos   x   cos   x  
 2   
 n 1  4  4 

 23 1   sin 2x 1  tan x 
1
= cot   tan 
 n 1 1  n(n  1)  2 sin x cos 2x  sin 2x 1  tan x 

 23
= cot   tan
1 
n  1  n 

sin x  2 cos 2x  2  sin x  cos x   0 
 n 1 1  n(n  1) 
 sin x  0 or sin x  cos x or sin x  cos x  2

 23   secx = ±1 or sec x   2

= cot   tan  n  1   tan n 
1 1

 n 1 
(S)  
cot sin 1 1  x 2  sin tan 1 x 6   
 1
= cot tan 24  tan 1
1
 x 6x
(x > 0)
2
 1
23   1  25   25 1x 1  6x 2
= cot  tan   cot  cot      1 – 6x 2 = 6 + 6x 2
 25    23   23
5 5
 x 
12 2 3

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Inverse trigonometric functions frequently simplify expressions by translating angles back to their primary domain. In the condition sin⁻¹(sin θ) + π/2 = cot⁻¹(cot θ), notice that sin⁻¹ and cot⁻¹ allow for expressing θ in its principal value. Transformation π/2 from sin terms alters expressions but remains equivalent in inverse cotangent terms to simplify both sides to resultingly comprehensive angular form, concluding sin terms are dominant in curvature expressions, while cotangent continues governing hyperbola alignments under these transformations .

The inequality -2cos²x + 3cosx + 1 > 0 can be transformed using substitution, setting cos x = t to convert it into a quadratic inequality in t. Solving -2t² + 3t + 1 > 0 for t determines the interval of viable solutions for cos x, using the quadratic formula, factorization, or graphical methods to isolate permissible roots. The solution brackets match (t values) for which cosine, therefore x values, satisfy the inequality within allowable range values, i.e., between -1 and 1 for cos x .

The relationship sin²x + sin²y < 1 can be linked to the Pythagorean identity and further trigonometric transformations with tangent components. Given sin²x = a²/(1+a²) and sin²y = b²/(1+b²), developing this formula leads to tangents a, b whose product must satisfy condition |ab|<1. This analysis helps visualize with sine waveforms where boundary value scenarios fail to represent increases within a real-unit circle as functions must remain constricted under unity total identity scopes .

When logarithmic functions, such as log(base1/2) x, intersect with trigonometric functions in an inequality, they impose simultaneous restrictions on x's domain. For example, given that -1 ≤ log(base1/2) x ≤ 1 and -1 ≤ x/2 - 1 ≤ 1, both conditions must hold. Thus, solving each condition separately provides two intervals which must be intersected. The first yields x ∈ [1/2, 2] and the second yields x ∈ [0, 4]. The valid solution set is the intersection [1/2, 2], limiting x based on both functions' constraints .

The polynomial inequality x²(−9x²+12x−3)=(1−x²)(9x²−6x+1) involves analyzing the scenarios where the terms on both sides equate, either through factorization, balance, or result of zero products. Solving gives critical roots and possible values for x after setting equalities or inequalities to zero, leading to solutions x = 1, 1/2, and rejecting values outside the domain like 1/3 due to logical, real-world application constraints or derived bounds from surrounding inequalities. Thus, only specific and valid solutions remain possible after evaluating these matches .

The condition sin⁻¹(ab) ∈ (−π/2, π/2) indicates the range within which the product of trigonometric terms a and b must fall for valid solutions. This constraint is crucial because the sine inverse function is defined and monotonic within this interval only, ensuring that values do not exceed the permissible range for real angles. It implies that the absolute value of ab is less than 1, |ab| < 1, which is critical for solving resultant inequalities for real values .

The equation tan⁻¹(r⁻ + s⁻ + t⁻) = π + tan⁻¹(1/2) signifies transformations where added angles equal specified asymmetric benchmarks like π despite antecedent terms' symmetry. Introducing inverse tangent symmetry across rational formations equalizes trigonometry-bound tangent space-angular additions matching positive-negative bicolor symmetry expressions. Factorization of their rearrangement into unity across angle behavior properties supports equilateral trigonometric systems enabling composite assessments with established symmetrical balancers like π/2 offset formations .

The simplification involves recognizing the relations between inverse trigonometric functions and leveraging trigonometric identities. Initially, let cos⁻¹x = θ, thus 2θ = cot⁻¹ (2√(2x)/(1-x)). Depending on the sign and range of x, we use known identities such as cot⁻¹(1/x) = tan⁻¹(x) and corresponding transformations that allow the trigonometric form to match both angles' conditions. This yields equivalences that simplify complex inverse trigonometric expressions .

By starting with the equation 2tan⁻¹y = tan⁻¹x + tan⁻¹z, we exploit the identity for the sum of inverse tangents: tan⁻¹a + tan⁻¹b = tan⁻¹((a+b)/(1-ab)), and recognize that these angles imply relationships between x, y, and z. Assuming identities hold true, along with suitable algebraic transformations, we use 2y = x + z, arrive at (2y - x - z)/(1 - xz) = 0, implying 2y equals xz when the denominator is non-zero. This conclusion necessitates that x equals z equals y, or some algebraic equivalent, thus deriving meaningful structural constraints on the values of x, y, z .

For a function to be onto, all the output values must be covered by the range. When considered for quadratic equations, this condition affects the discriminant. Specifically, for the function f(x) = cot⁻¹ (x² + 4x + α² - α) to be onto, the discriminant must be zero, ensuring the equation has real roots. Solving 16 - 4(α² - α) = 0 for the discriminant condition results in α = 1 ± √17/2 . This ensures the equation covers all necessary output values, fulfilling the requirement for the function to be onto.

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