DẠNG TABLE

The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999
and 2004 in five European countries.

Opening statementThe tables show the amount of money spent số tiền đã chi tiêu on Fairtrade coffee
and bananas cà phê và chuối của Fairtrade in two separate years trong 2 năm riêng biệt in the UK,
Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium and Sweden.

It is clear that sales doanh số of Fairtrade coffee rose đã tăng lên in all five European countries năm
quốc gia ở châu Âu from 1999 to 2004 từ năm 1999 đến 2004 , but sales of Fairtrade bananas only went
up đã tăng lên in three out of the five countries. Overall statementOverall, the UK saw by far the
highest hơn hẳn, có.... cao nhất levels of spending mức chi tiêu on the two products sản phẩm .
In 1999, Switzerland had the highest đã có .... cao nhất sales of Fairtrade coffee, at €3
million, while revenue thu nhập from Fairtrade bananas was highest in the UK, at €15
million. By 2004, however, sales of Fairtrade coffee in the UK had risen đã tăng lên to €20
million, and this was over three times higher than cao hơn ba lần Switzerland’s sales figure số liệu
doanh thu for Fairtrade coffee in that year. The year 2004 also saw dramatic increases đã có sự gia
tăng đáng kể in the money spent số tiền đã chi tiêu on Fairtrade bananas in the UK and Switzerland,
with revenues rising tăng lên by €32 million and €4.5 million respectively.

Sales of the two Fairtrade products were far lower thấp hơn nhiều in Denmark, Belgium and
Sweden. Small increases Mức tăng nhỏ in sales of Fairtrade coffee can be seen, but
revenue remained vẫn duy trì ở mức at €2 million or below in all three countries in
both years. Finally, it is noticeable that the money spent số tiền đã chi tiêu on
Fairtrade bananas actually fell đã giảm in Belgium and Sweden.

The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.

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Opening statementThe table compares the six networks mạng lưới, hệ thống in terms of their age,
size and the number of people who uses them each year. Overall statementIt is clear that the
three oldest underground systems hệ thống đường sắt are larger lớn hơn and serve significantly
more nhiều hơn đáng kể passengers than the newer systems.

The London underground is the oldest lâu đời nhất system, having opened in 1863. It is also the
largest lớn nhất system, with 394 kilometres of route. The second largest system, in Paris, is
only about half the size khoảng một nửa kích cỡ of the London underground, with 199 kilometres of
route. However, it serves phục vụ more people người đi tà (hành khách) per
year. While only the third in terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used được sử dụng
nhiều nhất , with 1927 million passengers hành khách per year.

Of the three newer networks, the Washington DC underground is the most extensive rộng nhất ,
with 126 kilometres of route, compared to so với only 11 kilometres and 28 kilometres for the
Kyoto and Los Angeles systems. The Los Angeles network is the newest mới nhất , having opened
in 2001, while the Kyoto network is the smallest nhỏ nhất and serves only 45
million passengers per year.

The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different
countries in 2002

Opening statementThe table shows percentages phần, tỷ lệ of consumer expenditure chi tiêu của người
tiêu dùng for three categories of products and services danh mục sản phẩm và dịch vụ in five countries in
2002.

Overall statementIt is clear that the largest lớn nhất proportion tỷ lệ of consumer spending chi tiêu
của người tiêu dùng in each country went on food, drinks and tobacco. Overall statementOn the
other hand, the leisure/education category has the lowest thấp nhất percentages in the table.

Out of the five countries, consumer spending on food, drinks and tobacco was noticeably
higher cao hơn đáng kể in Turkey, at 32.14%, and Ireland, at nearly 29%. The proportion of
spending on leisure and education was also the highest cao nhất in Turkey, at 4.35%, while
expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher cao hơn đáng kể in Italy, at 9%, than
in any of the other countries. It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest thấp nhất percentages of
national consumer expenditure for food/drinks/tobacco and for clothing/footwear, at nearly 16%
and just over 5% respectively. Spain had slightly higher cao hơn một chút figures số liệu for these
categories, but the lowest figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%.

The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in
Australia in 1999.

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Opening statementThe table gives information about poverty rates tỷ lệ đói nghèo among six types
of household kiểu hộ gia đình in Australia in the year 1999.

Overall statementIt is noticeable that levels of poverty mức độ nghèo were higher cao hơn for single
people những người độc thân than for couples các cặp vợ chồng , and people with children những người có
con were more likely có nhiều khả năng to be poor nghèo than those without những người không có
con . Overall statementPoverty rates were considerably lower thấp hơn đáng kể among elderly
people người cao tuổi .

Overall, 11% of Australians những người Úc , or 1,837,000 people, were living in poverty sống trong
cảnh nghèo đói in 1999. Aged people người cao tuổi were the least likely ít có khả năng nhất to be poor,
with poverty levels mức độ nghèo đói of 6% and 4% for single aged people
and aged couples respectively.

Just over one fifth of single parents cha mẹ đơn thân were living in /poverty, whereas only 12%
of parents living with a partner cha mẹ sống với con cái were classed as poor được xếp vào diện
nghèo . The same pattern can be seen có thể thấy một xu hướng tương tự for people with no children những
người không có con : while 19% of single people in this group were living below the poverty
line sống dưới ngưỡng nghèo (=living in poverty) , the figure con số for couples was much lower thấp hơn
nhiều , at only 7%.

Opening statementThe table compares the percentages tỷ lệ of people using different functions of
their mobile phones between 2006 and 2010.

Overall statementThroughout the period shown trong khoảng thời gian được đưa ra , the main reason why
people used their mobile phones lý do tại sao mọi người sử dụng điện thoại di động was to make
calls. Overall statementHowever, there was a marked increase sự gia tăng rõ rệt in the popularity of
other mobile phone features các tính năng của điện thoại di động , particularly the Internet search feature.

In 2006, 100% of mobile phone owners chủ sở hữu điện thoại di động used their phones to make
calls, while the next most popular functions những chức năng phổ biến tiếp theo were
text messaging (73%) and taking photos (66%). By contrast, less ít hơn than 20% of owners
played games or music on their phones, and there were no figures số liệu for users doing Internet
searches thực hiện tìm kiếm trên Internet or recording video.

Over the following 4 years, there was relatively little change tương đối ít sự thay đổi in the figures for
the top three ba tính năng hàng đầu mobile phone features. However, the percentage of
people using their phones to access the Internet truy cập Internet jumped đã tăng lên to 41% in 2008
and then to 73% in 2010. There was also a significant rise sự gia tăng đáng kể in the use of mobiles
to play games and to record video, with figures reaching đạt tới mức 41% and 35% respectively in
2010.

The table below shows the amount of waste production (in millions of tonnes) in six different
countries over a twenty-year period.
Opening statementThe chart compares the amounts of waste that were produced lượng chất thải sinh
ra in six countries in the years 1980, 1990 and 2000.

Overall statementIn each of these years, the US produced more waste tạo ra nhiều chất thải hơn than
Ireland, Japan, Korea, Poland and Portugal combined. Overall statementIt is also noticeable
that Korea was the only country that managed to reduce giảm thiểu its waste output lượng chất thải by
the year 2000.

Between 1980 and 2000, waste production lượng chất thải in the USA rose đã tăng lên from 131 to
192 million tonnes, and the rising trends were also seen xu hướng gia tăng cũng được nhìn thấy in Japan,
Poland and Portugal. Japan’s waste output increased đã tăng from 28 to 53 million
tonnes, while Poland and Portugal saw waste totals increase có tổng lượng gia tăng của chất thải from 4
to 6.6 and from 2 to 5 million tonnes respectively.

The trends các xu hướng for Ireland and Korea were noticeably different from khác biệt đáng kể so
với those described above những xu hướng được mô tả ở trên . In Ireland, waste production increased
more than eightfold, from only 0.6 million tonnes in 1980 to 5 million tonnes in 2000. Korea, by
contrast, cut cắt giảm its waste output by 12 million tonnes between 1990 and 2000.

The table below shows changes in the numbers of residents cycling to work in different areas of
the UK between 2001 and 2011.
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Opening statementThe table compares the numbers of people who cycled to work những người đạp
xe đi làm in twelve areas of the UK mười hai khu vực của Anh in the years 2001 and 2011.

Overall statementOverall, the number of UK commuters who travelled to work by bicycle những
người đi làm bằng xe đạp ở Anh rose considerably tăng đáng kể over the 10-year period khoảng thời gian 10
năm . Overall statementInner London had by far the highest cao nhất number of cycling
commuters người đi xe đạp in both years.

In 2001, well over 43 thousand residents cư dân of inner London commuted by bicycle đi lại bằng xe
đạp , and this figure con số rose tăng lên to more than 106 thousand in 2011, an increase of một sự
tăng lên khoảng... 144%. By contrast, although outer London had the second highest cao thứ
hai number of cycling commuters in each year, the percentage tỷ lệ change thay đổi , at only 45%,
was the lowest thấp nhất of the twelve areas shown in the table.

Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest increase chứng kiến mức tăng lớn thứ 2 (109%) in the
number of residents cycling to work cư dân đạp xe đến chỗ làm , but Bristol was the UK’s second
city in terms of total numbers of cycling commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and 15,768 in
2011. Figures for the other eight areas were below ở dưới the 10 thousand marks in both years.

The table below describes the proportion of smokers in males and females (between the age of
15 and 20) in Britain.
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Opening statementThe table reveals cho thấy how smoking evolved into a fad phát triển thành xu
hướng among 15-to-20-year-old Britons người Anh từ 15 đến 20 tuổi in the period 1970 to 2000.

In 1970, smoking was not very popular phổ biến among youngsters aged 15 to 20 thanh niên từ 15 đến
20 tuổi , with only 10 percent of males smoking, and 5% in females. The following decade saw a
dramatic change chứng kiến một sự thay đổi đáng kể : the smoking rate tỷ lệ hút thuốc among
males leapt tăng vọt lên nearly gần 13% every five years to 35% in 1980, compared to a slower
growth sự tăng lên chậm hơn in females, rising tăng lên approximately khoảng, xấp xỉ 8% every five years
to 22% in 1980.

Over the period between 1980 and 1990, smoking remained popular vẫn phổ biến among young
males nam thanh niên , accounting for chiếm over a third of the 15-to-
20 male population while young females nữ thanh niên showed a growing interest cho thấy sự quan tâm
ngày càng tăng in smoking, pushing đẩy the smoking rate first to 34% in 1985, and then to 37% in
1990, even outmatching vượt trội their male counterparts đối tác .

Over the final years of the last century, the smoking craze trào lưu hút thuốc in the 15-20 age
group nhóm tuổi từ 15-20 abated, either for males or for females. In 2000, an estimated 27% to
28% of people in this age group were reported as smokers những người hút thuốc , lower thấp
hơn than the previous years, albeit still more than three times higher cao hơn ba lần than 30 years
earlier.

Overall statementFrom the table, it is clear that the 15-to-20-year-old population in Britain nhóm
dân số từ 15-20 tuổi ở Anh had a much higher percentage tỷ lệ cao hơn of smokers by the end of the last
century than in the early 1970s.

The table below shows carbon dioxide emissions from transport in three European countries in
1994 and 2004.
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Opening statementThe given table provides cung cấp an overview of carbon
dioxide emissions from four main transport sources nguồn vận tải (namely, road transport, railways,
civil aviation and shipping) in the United Kingdom, France and Germany in 1994 and 2004.

Germany, although having higher emissions lượng khí thải cao hơn than either the United
Kingdom or France did, saw the amount decrease slightly cho thấy lượng khí thải giảm nhẹ from 47.2 to
46.7 million tonnes. By comparison, France recorded an increase ghi nhận sự gia tăng lượng khí thải of
four million tonnes from 34.7 million in 1994, while the United Kingdom had a smaller
growth tăng trưởng nhỏ hơn , 2.5 million tonnes over the same period.

In all the three countries, road transport was responsible for the majority of emissions chịu trách
nhiệm cho phần lớn lượng khí thải . In the United Kingdom, road transport produced emissions xả ra lượng
khí thải up to 32.6 million tonnes in 2004, 2 million more than ten years earlier, while other three
transport sources did not show any remarkable growth cho thấy sự tăng trưởng đáng kể . A similar
pattern was seen xu hướng tương tự cũng được thấy in France, where road transport added 3.6 million
tonnes to the total emissions thêm 3.6 triệu tấn vào tổng lượng khí thải within ten years. Germany, by
contrast, was the only country of the three to experience a drop có sự cắt giảm in road transport
emissions. Other three transport sources had a lower thấp hơn emission volume lượng phát thải as
well, except civil aviation, with the amount lượng khí thải rising tăng lên to 1.2 million.

Overall statementAs shown in the table, both the UK and France failed to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions cắt giảm lượng khí thải các-bon from transport sources during the period 1994 to 2004, in
contrast to the decrease giảm in Germany. Overall statementRoad transport continued to account
for the biggest source nguồn phát thải lớn nhất of emissions.
The table below shows motor vehicle offences in England and Wales between 1994 and 2004.

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Opening statementThe table presents cho thấy an overall view of various motor vehicle
offences các hành vi vi phạm xe cơ giới khác nhau in England and Wales from 1994 to 2004.

In 1994, licence, insurance and record keeping offences were the most common phổ biến nhất type
of offences loại hình vi phạm and rose tăng lên to 957 thousand in 2004, after a ten-year period
of fluctuations sự biến động . Speed limit offences initially ranked second xếp thứ hai in
1994 but became the main type of offences trở thành loại hình tội phạm chính by 2004, recording a ten-
year high at 2,076 thousand, more than three times nhiều hơn ba lần the figure con số ten years
earlier. Neglect of traffic signs and directions came third đứng thứ 3 , averaging trung bình at around
250 thousand per year.

Dangerous, careless or drunken driving was the fourth main type of offences loại tội phạm chính thứ
tư , dropping giảm in much of the period 1994 to 2004 but finally hitting an all-time high đạt mức
cao nhất at 231 thousand. Another two types of offences, accident offences and unauthorised
taking (or theft) of motor vehicles, were the least common ít phổ biến nhất , also declining
gradually giảm dần .

To summarise, speed limit offences and licence offences were two main types of motor vehicle
offences in England and Wales during the period 1994 to 2004 and speed limit offences deserve
particular attention because it surged exponentially tăng theo cấp số nhân .
The chart below shows the number of passengers arriving at a train station per hour across a day,
and also the average price (in US Dollars) of their tickets.

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Opening statementThe table gives data cung cấp dữ liệu about passenger volumes lượng hành
khách reaching đạt tới mức a station every 2 hours in a day 2 giờ một lần trong ngày , and also
the average ticket cost giá vé trung bình at those times.

Passenger numbers số lượng hành khách peak đạt mức cao nhất 3 times during the day. For example, the
number at 6am is 480, rising tăng lên to 690 by 8am before falling giảm again. There is then a peak
of số lượng đỉnh điểm 700 at midday, followed by an afternoon decline giảm to a low of 230 at
4pm. A third spike tăng đột biến is at 6pm, reaching đạt tới mức 670 before tailing off giảm giá .

The ticket prices giá vé partially follow this pattern cũng biến đổi theo xu hướng
này . The 8am passenger surge tăng vọt lên is matched khớp với by a high price of $29, followed by a
peak of $31 at midday and a decrease giảm to $17 by 4pm. However, the 6pm spike in passenger
numbers is accompanied kèm theo với/ đi theo với by a low of $11 in prices, with a subsequent
rise mức tăng sau đó to $22 at 8pm and a final levelling off chững lại .

Overall statementIn summary, ticket prices increase broadly tăng lên nhiều in line with passenger
traffic lưu lượng hành khách , except during the evening rush hour giờ cao điểm vào buổi tối when they
actually fall giảm .

The table shows data about the average length of time (in minutes) that people of different ages
spend in a consultation with family doctors in a number of countries.
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Opening statementThe chart gives information cung cấp thông tin about the typical time thời gian
thường ngày that patients spend with doctors (thời gian) bềnh nhân dành cho bác sĩ in various countries ở
các quốc gia khác nhau , split by age group phân chia theo nhóm tuổi .

We can see thatthe most common trend xu hướng phổ biến nhất is for the time to increase
consistently tăng liên tục with age. For example, the figure con số in France more than doubles tăng
hơn gấp đôi from 16 to 38 minutes between the youngest and oldest people. Likewise, the
USA figure rises tăng lên from 13 to 31, the UK from 9 to 21, and Italy from 17 to 29. These are
all substantial increases mức tăng đáng kể . Chile has a consistent but much slighter climb mức tăng ổn
định nhưng hơn , from 32 to 39 minutes.

Brazil also shows a rise cho thấy sự tăng lên , although after age 60 sau 60 tuổi there is a decline có sự sụt
giảm from 26 minutes to an eventual 20. India has a more marked rise and fall có sự tăng và giảm rõ
rệt hơn , peaking đỉnh điểm at 21 minutes for people aged 40 to 60 những người từ 40 đến 60
tuổi , declining giảm to 11 minutes for 70 plus.

Two countries are exceptions. Japan fluctuates dao động across the age groups nhóm tuổi , between
12 and 16 minutes. Kenya declines steadily giảm dần đều as age increases, from 15 minutes
for the youngest to 10 minutes for the oldest people.

Overall statementOverall, time spent with doctors generally increases thường tăng lên with age,
except in Japan and Kenya.
The charts show (Chart a) the average speed of urban zone traffic (in kilometres per hour or kph)
in a number of countries over a fifty year period, including a future estimate; and also (Chart b)
the total number of urban zones per country (in thousands).

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Opening statementThe charts show the average velocity of city traffic tốc độ của giao thông trong đô
thị over a fifty year timescale chu kỳ 50 năm , with a forecast for the future dự báo cho tương lai , and
also the amount of urban zones số lượng khu vực thành thị by country.

We can see that the general trend xu hướng chung is for the speed to increase tăng and
then decrease giảm . For example, in France, it increased from 60 kph in 1970 to a peak of mức cao
nhất 86 kph in 1990, tailing off giảm dần to a forecast 52 kph in 2020. Similarly, we see the
USA peak đạt mức cao nhất at 57 kph in 1990, declining giảm to 43 kph at the end. The UK and
Russia have a similar trend có xu hướng tương tự , rising tăng lên to 56 and 72 kph respectively in 2010
before falling giảm to below the starting level ở mức bắt đầu . The same happens Xu hướng tương tự cũng
xảy ra in Canada with a decline from sự suy giảm từ 69 kph to 64 kph despite a peak of 73 kph.

Chile, however, fluctuates dao động around 51kph, but remains static vẫn giữ nguyên over the
period. Italy, Brazil and Spain, by contrast, show a clear rise cho thấy sự gia tăng rõ ràng , finishing kết
thúc ở mức at 58, 57 and 61 kph respectively.
Regarding urban zones, all countries except one see predicted increases of cho thấy mức tăng dự
đoán roughly 4 times by 2020. The exception trường hợp ngoại lệ is Russia, which sees a fall of nhìn
thấy sự sụt giảm vào about half to 3,200.

Overall statementOverall, the data does not suggest any correlation mối tương quan between
increasing urban zones and average traffic speeds tốc độ giao thông trung bình .

The charts give information about the amount of exports (millions of tonnes) moving through
Rotterdam port in Holland to various global destinations in 2002 and 2012; and also the % rates
of tax imposed on these exports by the receiving countries.

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Opening statementThe tables show cho thấy us the quantity of exports số lượng hàng xuất khẩu being
transported through Rotterdam được vận chuyển qua Rotterdam over a ten year period, and the level of
taxation mức thuế imposed on the goods hàng hóa at destination điểm đến .

Regarding the volumes khối lượng , total exports increased slightly tăng nhẹ , reaching đạt mức 18,600
million tonnes by 2012. Within this total, however, most zones declined hầu hết các khu vực đều
giảm in volume. For example, Europe – the largest lớn nhất destination – declined giảm from 6,900
million to 6,400 million, and the USA – the second highest – went down giảm by roughly khoảng
chừng 10% to 3,900 million. China dipped slightly giảm nhẹ to 2,300 million, and Latin
America dropped giảm from 1,800 to 1,500 million. The ‘other’ zones remained static vẫn giữ
nguyên at 350 million. By marked contrast, volumes to Asia Pacific and Australasia more than
trebled hơn gấp ba lần , hitting đạt mức 2,550 and 2,300 million tonnes respectively.

Turning to taxation, we see that tax increased considerably tăng đáng kể in all the zones
that showed a decline in volumes cho thấy sự sụt giảm về số lượng , reaching 2% in the USA, China and
Latin America, and rising tăng lên from 5% to 8% in Europe. The ‘other’ zones kept tax stable giữ
thuế ở mức ổn định at 2%, while the growth zones khu vực tăng trưởng reduced tax massively giảm thuế ồ
ạt , from 5% to 2% in Asia Pacific and a fourfold decrease sự sụt giảm bốn lần to 1% in Australasia.

Overall statementIn summary, the decade showed a clear connection mối liên hệ rõ
ràng between increased export volumes khối lượng xuất khẩu tăng and reduced levels of tax giảm mức
thuế

These tables show data about the amount of television watched by children in different countries
(hours per day) and also the average academic achievement of people in these countries (% of
people completing each level).

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Opening statementThe chart gives facts cung cấp dữ kiện about the daily TV use by children việc trẻ
em sử dụng TV hàng ngày in various countries các quốc gia khác nhau , plus the proportion finishing 3
levels of education tỷ lệ hoàn thành 3 cấp học .

Regarding hours per day watching TV số giờ xem TV mỗi ngày , the USA, Canada and the UK have
the highest hours có số giờ cao nhất at 4. China and Italy are the next highest cao nhất tiếp theo with 3,
Brazil and India stand đứng ở mức at 2 each, and Malta and the UAE have only 1 hour per
day, which is a quarter of the maximum recorded một phần tư thời gian tối đa được ghi nhận .

Turning to academic achievement, we see that 100% of children completed school đã hoàn thành
chương trình học in Italy, Canada and Malta. The other countries are all in the 90’s, except India
which is 80%. High school completion ranges from dao động từ 100% in Malta to levels in the 90’s
(Italy, Canada, UAE) and the 80’s (UK, USA and Brazil). China and India have the
lowest levels có mức thấp nhất , with 68% and 60% respectively. For University completion việc hoàn
thành đại học , the UK has the highest level at 39%, followed by Canada (32%) and the USA and
the UAE (29% and 19% respectively) and finally India with only 12%.

In summary, TV use and education levels trình độ học vấn vary widely rất khác nhau . Overall
statementIt is noticeable, though, that the countries with the highest hours of TV per day
are also those with the highest % levels of University attainment Trình độ đại học .

The table below give information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

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Opening statementThis table clearly presents and compares trình bày và so sánh favorable
pastimes sở thích in eight different countries. The pastimes, across the top of the table, are
analyzed in relation to each country.

As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like thích watching
television. On the other hand, this figure con số is quite low khá thấp for China where only 15% of
people watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at 23%, whereas only 2 to 5% of
people in the other countries feel the same way cũng cảm thấy như vậy . 20% of people in
England enjoy sleeping as a pastime thích ngủ nướng như một thú tiêu khiển whereas in Canada and the
USA, for example, the figure is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese like hobbies the most nhiều
nhất at 50%, as opposed to only 20% in France. It is not surprising that the highest cao
nhất percentage of beach-lovers những người thích đi biển is in Australia and the USA at 30%.

It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a number of

factors such as the socio-economic situation or the climate. These factors influence cultural
differences between different nationalities and make cross-cultural experiences more interesting.

DẠNG LINE GRAPH

The first chart below gives information about the money spent by British parents on their
children’s sports between 2008 and 2014. The second chart shows the number of children who
participated in three sports in Britain over the same time period.
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Opening statementThe line graphs show the average monthly amount Số tiền trung bình hàng
tháng that parents in Britain cha mẹ ở Anh spent on their children’s sporting activities hoạt động thể
thao của con cái and the number of British children who took part in trẻ em Anh đã tham gia three
different sports from 2008 to 2014.

Overall statementIt is clear that parents spent more money each year đã chi nhiều tiền hơn mỗi năm on
their children’s participation in sports over the six-year period khoảng thời gian sáu năm . Overall
statementIn terms of the number of children taking part trẻ em tham gia , football
was significantly more popular phổ biến hơn đáng kể than athletics and swimming.

In 2008, British parents spent an average of các bậc cha mẹ người Anh chi trung bình khoảng around £20 per
month on their children’s sporting activities. Parents’ spending on children’s sports Chi tiêu của cha
 increased gradually tăng dần over the following six years, and by
mẹ cho hoạt động thể thao của con cái
2014 the average monthly amount had risen đã tăng to just over £30.

Looking at participation numbers, in 2008 approximately khoảng 8 million British children played
football chơi bóng đá , while only 2 million children were enrolled in swimming clubs đăng ký tham gia
các câu lạc bộ bơi lội and less ít hơn than 1 million practised athletics tập luyện điền kinh . The figures số
liệu for football participation sự tham gia bóng đá remained relatively stable vẫn tương đối ổn định over
the following 6 years. By contrast, participation in swimming tham gia bơi lội almost doubled tăng
gần gấp đôi , to nearly gần 4 million children, and there was a near fivefold increase tăng gần gấp năm
lần in the number of children doing athletics tập điền kinh .

The graph below shows the amounts of waste produced by three companies over a period of 15
years.

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Opening statementThe line graph compares three companies in terms of their waste output lượng
chất thải between the years 2000 and 2015.
Overall statementIt is clear that there were significant changes những sự thay đổi đáng
kể in the amounts of waste produced lượng chất thải sinh ra by all three companies shown on the
graph. Overall statementWhile companies A and B saw waste output fall thấy lượng chất thải giảm
đi over the 15-year period khoảng thời gian 15 năm , the amount of waste produced by company
C increased considerably tăng lên đáng kể .

In 2000, company A produced 12 tonnes of waste, while companies B and C

produced around khoảng 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes of waste material chất thải respectively. Over the
following 5 years, the waste output of lượng chất thải của companies B and C rose tăng
lên by around khoảng 2 tonnes, but the figure con số for company A fell giảm by approximately xấp
xỉ 1 tonne.

From 2005 to 2015, company A cut waste production cắt giảm lượng chất thải by roughly khoảng 3
tonnes, and company B reduced its waste giảm lượng chất thải by around 7 tonnes. By contrast,
company C saw an increase thấy sự tăng lên in waste production of approximately xấp xỉ 4 tonnes
over the same 10-year period cùng khoảng thời gian 10 năm . By 2015, company C’s waste output had
risen tăng lên to 10 tonnes, while the respective amounts of waste from lương chất thai tương ứng
từ companies A and B had dropped giảm to 8 tonnes and only 3 tonnes.

The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who used the Internet
between 1999 and 2009.

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Opening statementThe line graph compares the percentage of people tỷ lệ người dùng in three
countries ở ba quốc gia who used the Internet between 1999 and 2009.

Overall statementIt is clear that the proportion of the population tỷ lệ dân số who used the
Internet sử dụng Internet increased tăng lên in each country ở mỗi quốc gia over the period shown trong
khoảng thời gian hiển thị . Overall statementOverall, a much larger percentage một tỷ lệ lớn hơn nhiều of
Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet truy cập Internet in comparison with Mexicans,
and Canada experienced the fastest growth có sự gia tăng nhanh nhất in Internet usage mức sử dụng
Internet .

In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet tỷ lệ người dân sử dụng Internet in the USA was
about 20%. The figures số liệu for Canada and Mexico were lower thấp hơn , at about khoảng 10%
and 5% respectively. In 2005, Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose tăng lên to around
70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico reached đạt mức just over chỉ hơn 25%.

By 2009, the percentage of Internet users tỷ lệ người dùng Internet was highest cao nhất in
Canada. Almost Gần như 100% of Canadians used the Internet, compared to about 80% of
Americans and only 40% of Mexicans.

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and
2040 in three different countries.
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Opening statementThe line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more tỷ lệ người
dân từ 65 tuổi trở lên in three countries ba quốc gia over a period of 100 years trong khoảng thời gian 100 năm .

Overall statementIt is clear that the proportion of elderly people tỷ lệ người cao tuổi increases tăng
lên in each country ở mỗi quốc gia between 1940 and 2040. Overall statementJapan is expected to
see the most dramatic changes dự kiến sẽ có những thay đổi mạnh mẽ nhất in its elderly population.

In 1940, around khoảng 9% of Americans người Mỹ were aged 65 or over từ 65 tuổi trở lên , compared
to about khoảng 7% of Swedish people người Thụy Điển and 5% of Japanese people người
Nhật . The proportions of elderly people in the USA and Sweden rose gradually tăng dần over the
next 50 years, reaching đạt mức just under chiỉ dưới 15% in 1990. By contrast, the figures số liệu for
Japan remained below vẫn ở mức dưới 5% until the early 2000s.
Looking into the future, a sudden increase một sự tăng đột biến in the percentage of elderly people is
predicted được dự đoán for Japan, with a jump of mức tăng đột ngột over vượt qua, hơn 15% in just 10
years from 2030 to 2040. By 2040, it is thought that around 27% of the Japanese population dân
số Nhật Bản will be 65 years old or more từ 65 tuổi trở lên , while the figures for Sweden and the
USA will be slightly lower thấp hơn một chút , at about 25% and 23% respectively.

The graph below shows the average number of UK commuters travelling each day by car, bus or
train between 1970 and 2030.

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Opening statementThe line graph compares so sánh figures for daily travel việc đi lại hàng
ngày by workers in the UK người lao động ở Anh using three different forms of transport ba loại phương
tiện khác nhau over a period of 60 years khoảng thời gian 60 năm .

Overall statementIt is clear that the car is by far the most popular phổ biến nhất means of
transport phương tiện giao thông for UK commuters những người đi làm ở Anh throughout the period
shown khoảng thời gian được hiển thị . Overall statementAlso, while the numbers of people who use số
lượng người sử dụng the car and train increase gradually tăng dần , the number of bus users người
dùng falls steadily giảm đều .
In 1970, around khoảng 5 million UK commuters travelled by car đi lại bằng ô tô on a daily
basis hàng ngày , while the bus and train were used by được sử dụng bởi... about khoảng 4 million and 2
million people respectively. In the year 2000, the number of those driving to work những người lía xe
đi làm rose tăng lên to 7 million and the number of commuting rail passengers hành khách di chyển bằng
đường sắt reached đạt mức 3 million. However, there was a small drop of một sự sụt giảm
nhỏ approximately xấp xỉ 0.5 million in the number of bus users.

By 2030, the number of people who commute by car những người đi làm bằng ô tô is expected to
reach được dự đoán sẽ đạt mức almost gần 9 million, and the number of train users is also predicted to
rise dự đoán sẽ tăng , to nearly khoảng 5 million. By contrast, buses are predicted to được dự đoán
là become a less popular choice trở thành một lựa chọn ít phổ biến hơn , with only 3 million daily
users người dùng hàng ngày .

The graph below shows US consumers' average annual expenditures on cell phone and
residential phone services between 2001 and 2010.

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Opening statementThe line graph compares so sánh average yearly spending chi tiêu trung bình hàng
năm by Americans on mobile and landline phone services dịch vụ điện thoại di động và điện thoại cố
định from 2001 to 2010.
Overall statementIt is clear that spending chi tiêu on landline phones fell steadily giảm đều over the
10-year period khoảng thời gian 10 năm , while mobile phone expenditure chi tiêu rose quickly tăng
nhanh . Overall statementThe year 2006 marks the point đánh dấu thời điểm at which expenditure
on mobile services dịch vụ di động overtook vượt qua that for residential phone services.

In 2001, US consumers người tiêu dùng ở Mỹ spent an average of chi tiêu trung bình nearly gần $700 on
residential phone services, compared to only around khoảng $200 on cell phone services. Over the
following five years, average yearly spending on landlines dropped giảm xuống by nearly $200. By
contrast, expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately $300.

In the year 2006, the average American người dân Mỹ thông thường paid out chi trả the same amount of
money khoản tiền như nhau on both types of phone service, spending just over $500 on each. By
2010, expenditure on mobile phones had reached đạt mức around $750, while the figure con số for
spending on residential services had fallen giảm đi to just over half chỉ hơn một nửa this amount.

The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption.

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Opening statementThe line graph shows cho thấy changes in the per capita những thay đổi về bình quân
đầu ngườii consumption of beef, pork, broilers and turkey sự tiêu thụ thịt bò, thịt lợn, thịt gà và gà tây in the
United States between 1955 and 2012.
Overall statementIt is noticeable that beef was by far the most popular phổ biến nhất of the four
types of meat bốn loại thịt for the majority of phần lớn the 57-year period giai đoạn 57 năm . Overall
statementHowever, a considerable rise can be seen có thể thấy sự gia tăng đáng kể in the consumption
of broilers, with figures số liệu eventually surpassing vượt qua those for beef.

Between 1955 and 1976, US beef consumption mức tiêu thụ thịt bò ở Mỹ rose tăng lên from around 60
to a peak of mức cao nhất 90 pounds per person per year mỗi người mỗi năm . During the same
period, consumption of broilers also rose tăng lên , to nearly gần 30 pounds per person, while the
figures for pork fluctuated dao động between 50 and 40 pounds per person. Turkey was by far the
least popular ít phổ biến nhất meat, with figures below dưới 10 pounds per capita each year bình quân
đầu người mỗi năm .

By 2012, the amount of beef consumed by the average American lượng thịt bò mà một người Mỹ bình
thường tiêu thụ had plummeted giảm mạnh to around 50 pounds, but the consumption of broilers
had doubled gấp đôi since the 1970s, to approximately khoảng 55 pounds per capita. By contrast,
there were no significant changes những thay đổi lớn in the trends xu hướng for pork and turkey
consumption over the period as a whole.

The line chart below shows serious violent crime levels from 1978 to 2000 in the USA. Serious
violent crimes include rape, robbery, aggravated assault and homicide.

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In the first ten years, there were fluctuations sự biến động in the total crime level mức
độ , but the overall trend xu hướng chung was upbeat khả quan . By about 1989, it rose tăng lên to a
record high, around 4.5 offences per thousand Americans, by half the figure in 1980 (slightly
over 3 offences), the lowest ever recorded mức thấp nhất từng được ghi nhận during the given
period. Victimisations rose tăng lên and fell giảm xuống at a lower level mức độ thấp hơn between 2 and
2.5 offences over the same period, while crimes recorded by police showed a steady increase cho
thấy sự gia tăng đều đặn , reaching its highest đạt mức cao nhất in the year 1994, over 1.5 offences in a
thousand. The arrest rate tỷ lệ was the lowest thấp nhất , levelling off giảm dần below 0.5 offences
per 1,000.

From 1988 onwards, the total violent crime level declined gradually giảm dần , so did
victimisations reported to police. In 2000, 3 out of a thousand Americans committed violent
crime người Mỹ phạm tội bạo lực , while half as many victims were reported to the police nạn nhân được
báo cho phía cảnh sát . As to crimes recorded by police and arrests for violent crime, both dropped
slightly giảm nhẹ in the last five years and the figures số liệu were 1.5 and 0.5
offences respectively in 2000.

Overall statementOverall, the violent crime rate, as well as victimisations reported to police,
crimes recorded and arrests for violent crime, was not subject to phải chịu/trải qua strong
fluctuations biến động mạnh in the final two decades of the last century, although by the end of the
century, there was a trend toward một xu hướng hướng tới lower violent crime levels.

The diagrams below present the estimates and projections of world population from the US
Census Bureau.
Opening statementThe two charts hai biểu đồ present an overall view of how world population did
and will change dân số thế giới đã và sẽ thay đổi như thế nào over the period 1950 to 2050.
The first chart shows cho thấy the sustained growth sự tăng trưởng bền vững of world population. In the
first 10 years from 1950 to 1960, the population was flat giữu nguyên, duy trì (ở mức...) at 3 billion,
before rising tăng lên to 4 billion in 1970 and remaining constant không thay đổi at that level till
1980. Since then, the growth accelerated tăng nhanh chóng , adding tăng thêm another 2 billion within
twenty years. In 2000, the population topped đứng đầu 6 billion, doubling gấp đôi the figure số
liệu fifty years earlier. By the middle of this century, it is estimated that the planet will home a
population of trái đất sẽ đạt mức dân số at least 9 billion.

As shown in the second chart, there was a wide range in the world population growth rate in the
second half of the last century. Growth first fluctuated dramatically dao động mạnh mẽ and
then surged răng mạnh to 2% in 1970, a 100-year high. From then on, it slowed remarkably tăng
chậm một cách đáng kể , and by 2005, averaged out đạt mức trung bình at around 1.25%. This pattern xu
hướng is projected to được dự đoán là persist tiếp tục, duy trì by 2050, when the growth rate is likely
to có khả năng be as low as thấp tới 0. 5%.

Overall statementIn summary, population growth tends to có xu hướng continue throughout much
of the first half of the 21stcentury, although the rate at which the population grows
will decline giảm .

The line graph demonstrates the percentage of UK population who are aged over 4 years old
following the radio and television during the October-December period in 1992.

Opening statementThe graph shows cho thấy the percentage of radio and television audiences khán
giả xem phát thanh và truyền hình over 4 years old in the UK throughout the day from October to
December 1992. Opening statementThe figure số liệu reveals tiết lộ, cho thấy that before 12 o’ clock
there were more radio audiences nhiều khán giả nghe đài phát thanh hơn , while more people turned
to chuyển sang television after that time.

The data indicates cho biết, chỉ ra that radio listeners người nghe đài increased substantially tăng đáng
kể before 8:00 am, when the percentage reached to a peak of đạt
đỉnh 27%. The percentage then declined steadily giảm đều to 11% at 4:00 pm, which was followed
by a slight increase sự tăng nhẹ to 15% at 5:00 pm. However, from then on, there was again a
gradual decrease sự giảm dàn to 2% until 4:00 am, when the percentage bottomed out giảm xuống tới
mức thấp nhất . The period from 4:00 am to 6:00 am saw another slight rise chứng kiến một sự tăng nhẹ
khác to 4% in radio listeners.

As for TV viewers người xem truyền hình , the percentage went up tăng lên from 6:00 am to 8:30 am,
when there was a leveling off sự giảm dần at 8% until 10:00 am. After a slight decrease sự giảm nhẹ ,
the percentage rose sharply tăng mạnh to 18% between 12 pm and 2 pm, before it dropped
slightly giảm nhẹ . The peak (50%) was reached at 8:00 pm after a massive rise một sự tăng lớn from
15% since 3:00 pm. However, the period between 8:00 pm and 3:00 am saw a slump chứng kiến sự
sụt giảm in television viewers. The percentage reached the bottom đạt mức thấp nhất of 3% at 3:00
am, when there was a slight rise một sự tăng nhẹ afterwards.

The general trend xu hướng chung was that the percentage of both radio and television
audiences rose tăng lên first and then decreased giảm đi , while the total number of the latter sau, thứ
hai (chỉ khán giả xem truyền hình) was bigger nhiều hơn than the former trước, thứ nhất (chỉ khán giả nghe đài phát
thanh) . Overall statementIn addition, the prime time khung giờ vàng for radio and television was 8
am and 8 pm, respectively.

The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different [Link] a report
for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Opening statementThe three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern xu hướng
khá khác nhau between 1985 and 1990. Overall statementExports from Australia những mặt hàng xuất
khẩu từ Úc declined giảm over the five-year period khoảng thời gian 5 năm , while the Canadian
market thị trường Canada fluctuated considerably dao động đáng kể , and the European
Community showed an increase cho thấy sự gia tăng .

In 1985, Australia exported xuất khẩu about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following year
the number increased tăng lên by one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however,
there was a gradual decline sự giảm dần until 1989 and 1990 when it stabilised ổn định at about 11
million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied greatly thay đổi rất
nhiều . It started at bắt đầu ở mức 19 million tonnes in 1985, reached a peak đạt mức cao nhất in 1988 of
24 million, dropped dramatically giảm mạnh in 1989 to 14 million tonnes and then climbed
back tăng trở lại to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes were exported from the European
Community in 1985, but this decreased giảm xuống to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose tăng
lên to 15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more tăng thêm 1 lần nữa to 20 million in
1990.

Dạng BAR CHART

The chart below shows the amount of time that 10 to 15-year-olds spend chatting on the Internet
and playing on games consoles on an average school day in the UK.
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Opening statementThe bar chart compares so sánh the time spent by 10 to 15-year-olds thời gian
thiếu niên từ 10 đến 15 tuổi dành ra in the UK on two activities, namely chatting online trò chuyện trực
tuyến and playing computer games chơi điện từ trên máy tính .

Overall statementOverall, we can see that playing computer games is marginally more
popular phổ biến hơn một chút than chatting on the Internet trò chuyện trên Internet . Overall
statementHowever, completely different trends can be seen có thể thấy các xu hướng khác hoàn toàn if we
look at the specific figures for boys and girls.

Boys aged between 10 and 15 thiếu niên từ 10 đến 15 tuổi clearly favour thích playing on games
consoles chơi trên máy chơi game over chatting online. According to the chart, while 85%
of boys play computer games every day mỗi ngày , only 55% chat online daily hàng
ngày . Furthermore, the majority of phần lớn boys play on their consoles for more than one
hour each day mỗi ngày , and 10% do this activity hoạt động for four hours or more.

By contrast, girls prefer ưa thích chatting online. Close to gần 70% of 10 to 15-year-old
girls engage in tham gia vào online conversation cuộc trò chuyện trực tuyển each day, compared
to about khoảng 50% of this cohort nhóm, tổ hợp who play computer games. Of the girls who do
play on consoles, most of hầu hết them play for less than an hour, whereas most girls who chat
online do so for more than one hour, and nearly gần 10% chat for four hours or more.

Opening statementThe bar chart compares consumer spending chi tiêu của người tiêu dùng on six
different items in Germany, Italy, France and Britain.

Overall statementIt is clear that British people người dân Anh spent significantly more money nhiều
tiền hơn than people in the other three countries on all six goods hàng hóa . Overall statementOf the
six items mặt hàng , consumers spent the most money nhiều tiền nhất on photographic film.

People in Britain người dân Anh spent just over hoơn £170,000 on photographic film, which is the
highest cao nhất figure con số shown on the chart. By contrast, Germans were the lowest thấp
nhất overall spenders người chi tiêu , with roughly gần như the same giống nhau figures (just under
£150,000) for each of the six products sản phẩm .

The figures for spending on Số liệu về chi tiêu cho toys were the same in both France and Italy, at
nearly £160,000. However, while French people người dân Pháp spent chi tiêu more nhiều hơn than
Italians on photographic film and CDs, Italians paid out chi trả more for personal stereos, tennis
racquets and perfumes. The amount spent by số tiền đã chi tiêu bới.... French people on tennis
racquets, around khoảng £145,000, is the lowest thấp nhất figure shown on the chart.

The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and
industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.

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Opening statementThe three bar charts show average years of schooling, numbers of scientists
and technicians, and research and development spending chi tiêu cho nghiên cứu và phát triển in
developing and developed countries. Opening statementFigures are given for 1980 and 1990.

Overall statementIt is clear from the charts that the figures số liệu for developed countries nhưng
quốc gia phát triển are much higher than those for developing nations những quốc gia đang phát
triển . Overall statementAlso, the charts show an overall increase cho thấy sự gia tăng tổng
thể in participation in education and science tham gia vào lĩnh vực giáo dục và khoa học from 1980 to
1990.

People in developing nations attended school đi học for an average of around 3 years, with only
a slight increase sự tăng nhẹ in years of schooling from 1980 to 1990. On the other hand, the figure
for industrialised countries các quốc gia công nghiệp phát triền rose tăng lên from nearly gần 9 years of
schooling in 1980 to nearly 11 years in 1990.

From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists các nhà khoa học and technicians in industrialised
countries almost gần như doubled tăng gấp đôi to about 70 per 1000 people. Spending on research
and development also saw rapid growth cho thấy sự tăng nhanh in these countries, reaching đạt
mức $350 billion in 1990. By contrast, the number of science workers người làm trong lĩnh vực khoa
học in developing countries remained vẫn duy trì below 20 per 1000 people, and research
spending fell giảm xuống from about khoảng $50 billion to only $25 billion.

The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and
the amount of support they received from employers.
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Opening statementThe bar charts compare students of different ages in terms of why they are
studying lý do họ theo học and whether they are supported by an employer liệu họ có được các nhà tuyển
dụng hỗ trợ hay không .

Overall statementIt is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes học vì
mục đích nghề nghiệp is far higher cao hơn hẳn among the younger age groups, while the oldest
students are more likely to có nhiều khả năng study for interest học vì sở thích . Overall
statementEmployer support is more commonly phổ biến hơn given to younger students.

Around 80% of students aged under 26 sinh viên dưới 26 tuổi study to further their careers học để tiến xa
hơn trong sự nghiệp của mình , whereas only 10% study purely out of interest học hoàn toàn vì sở thích . The
gap between these two proportions narrows as students get older ngày càng nhiều tuổi , and the figures
for those in their forties ở độ tuổi bốn mươi are the same như nhau , at about 40%. Students aged over
49 học sinh trên 49 tuổi overwhelmingly study for interest (70%) rather than còn hơn là for professional
reasons lý lo liên quan tới nghề nghiệp (less than 20%).

Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers. By contrast, the 30-
39 age group nhóm tuổi is the most nhiều nhất self-sufficient, with only 30% being given time
off được nghỉ and help with fees được trợ giúp về chi phó . The figures rise slightly tăng nhẹ for students
in their forties and for those aged 50 or more.

The chart below shows numbers of incidents and injuries per 100 million passenger miles
travelled (PMT) by transportation type in 2002.

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Opening statementThe bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries for every mỗi 100
million passenger miles travelled on five different types of public transport phương tiên giao thông
công cộng in 2002.

Overall statementIt is clear that the most hầu hết incidents and injuries took place xảy ra on
demand-response vehicles các phương tiên . Overall statementBy contrast, commuter rail
services recorded ghi nhận by far the lowest thấp nhất figures số liệu .

A totalof 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per 100 million passenger miles travelled, took place on
demand-response transport services dịch vụ vận tải . These figures were nearly three times as high
as cao gần gấp 3 lần those for the second highest cao thứ 2 category danh mục , bus services. There were
76 incidents có 76 sự cố tai nạn and 66 people were injured on buses.

Rail services experienced fewer gặp ít hơn problems. The number of incidents tổng số sự cố tai nạn on
light rail trains equalled tương đương the figure recorded for buses, but there were significantly
fewer ít hơn đáng kể injuries, at only 39. Heavy rail services saw lower numbers thấy số lượng thấp
hơn of such events sự kiện (sự cố tai nạn) than light rail services, but commuter rail passengers were
even less likely ít có khả năng to experience problems. In fact, only 20 incidents and 17
injuries occurred xảy ra on commuter trains.

verage weekly household expenditure by region, 2007-09

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Opening statementThe bar chart shows average weekly spending by households mức chi tiêu trung
bình hàng tuần của các hộ gia đình in different areas các khu vực of England between 2007 and 2009.

Overall statementHouseholds in the south of the country spent more nhiều hơn on average than
those in the north. Overall statementAverage weekly spending by households was highest cao
nhất in London and lowest thấp nhất in the North East.

English households các hộ gia đình ở Anh spent on average chi tiêu trung bình around khoảng £470 per
week. The average expenditure mức chi tiêu trung bình for households in London các hộ gia đình ở
London was about khoảng £560 per week, almost gần, xấp xỉ £100 more than the overall figure for
England số liệu tổng thể ở Anh . Households in the South East, East and South West also spent more
than the national average mức chi tiêu trung bình của cả nước . Weekly household spending figures số liệu
chi tiêu của các hộ gia đình hàng tuần for those three regions were approximately khoảng £520, £490 and
£480 respectively.

Similar levels of household spending were seen mức chi tiêu tương tự ở các hộ gia đình ở .... in the West
Midlands, the North West and the East Midlands, at about £430 to £450 per week. In the region
of Yorkshire and the Humber, households spent approximately £400 per
week, while expenditure in the North East was around £10 per week lower thấp hơn than this. It is
noticeable that average weekly expenditure by households in the North East was around
£80 less ít hơn than the national average, and around £170 less than the London average.

The chart below shows the total number of Olympic medals won by twelve different countries.

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Opening statementThe bar chart compares twelve countries in terms of the overall tổng
thể number of medals that they have won at the Olympic Games huy chương mà họ đã giành được tại Thế
vận hội .

Overall statementIt is clear that the USA is by far the most successful quốc gia thành công
nhất Olympic medal winning nation quốc gia . Overall statementIt is also noticeable
that the figures số liệu for gold, silver and bronze medals won by any particular country quốc
gia tend to be fairly similar khá giống nhau .

The USA has won a total of tổng cộng around khoảng 2,300 Olympic
medals, including approximately xấp xỉ 900 gold medals, 750 silver and 650 bronze. In second
place on the all-time medals chart is the Soviet Union, with just over 1,000
medals. Again, the number of gold medals won by this country is slightly higher cao hơn một
chút than the number of silver or bronze medals.

Only four other countries - the UK, France, Germany and Italy - have won more than 500
Olympic medals, all with similar proportions tỷ lệ tương tự of each medal colour. Apart from the
USA and the Soviet Union, China is the only other country with a noticeably higher
proportion tỷ lệ cao hơn đáng kể of gold medals (about 200) compared to silver and bronze (about
100 each).

The bar graph shows the global sales (in billions of dollars) of different types of digital games
between 2000 and 2006.

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Opening statementThe bar chart compares the turnover in dollars doanh thu tính bằng đô la from sales
of video games for four different platforms bốn nền tảng khác nhau , namely mobile phones, online,
consoles and handheld devices, from 2000 to 2006.

Overall statementIt is clear that sales of games for three out of the four platforms rose tăng
lên each year, leading to a significant rise sự tăng đáng kể in total global turnover doanh thu toàn
cầu over the 7-year period giai đoạn 7 năm . Overall statementSales figures for handheld games số
liệu doanh thu của máy chơi game cầm tay were at least twice as high as cao gấp đôi those for any
other platform in almostevery year.
In 2000, worldwide sales of handheld games doanh số của máy chơi game cầm tay trên toàn thế giới stood
at đạt mức around $11 billion, while console games earned kiếm được just under $6
billion. No figures are given for mobile or online games in that year. Over the next 3 years, sales
of handheld video games doanh số trò chơi điện tử cầm tay rose by about $4 billion, but the figure for
consoles decreased giảm xuống by $2 billion. Mobile phone and online games started to become
popular, with sales reaching đạt mức around $3 billion in 2003.

In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile games reached peaks of đạt mức cao nhất 17, 9 and 7
billion dollars respectively. By contrast, turnover from console games doanh thu từ máy chơi điện tử
console dropped giảm to its lowest point mức thấp nhất , at around $2.5 billion.

Opening statementThe bar chart shows the number of hot dogs and buns eaten in 15 minutes by
the winners of ‘Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest’ in Brooklyn, USA between 1980 and 2010.

Overall statementIt is noticeable that the number of hot dogs and buns eaten đã ăn by winners of
the contest increased dramatically tăng lên rõ rệt over the period shown. Overall statementThe
majority of winners were American or Japanese, and only one woman had ever wonthe
contest. Americans dominated the contest thống trị cuộc thi from 1980 to 1996, and the winning
number of hot dogs and buns consumed tiêu thụ/ăn rose tăng lên from only 8 to around 21 during
that time. 1983 and 1984 were notable exceptions to the trend những ngoại lệ đáng chú ý của xu hướng for
American winners. In 1983 a Mexican won the contest after eating 19.5 hot dogs, almost
double gần gấp đôi the amount that any previous winner người chiến thắng had eaten, and 1984 saw the
only female winner có duy nhất 1 thí sinh nữ thắng cuộc , Birgit Felden from Germany.

A Japanese contestant thí sinh , Takeru Kobayashi, reigned as hot dog eating champion nhà vô địch ăn
xúc xích for six years from 2001 to 2006. Kobayashi’s winning totals tổng số làn thắng cuộc of around
50 hot dogs were roughly double gần gấp đôi the amount that any previous winner had managed đạt
được . However, the current champion, American Joey Chestnut, took hot dog eating to new
heights đã đưa thành tích ăn xúc xích lên một tầm cao mới in 2009 when he consumed an incredible 68 hot
dogs and buns in the allotted (thời gian) được phân bổ 15 minutes.

The charts below compare the age structure of the populations of France and India in 1984.

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Opening statementThe two charts compare the populations of France and India in terms of age
distribution by gender phân bố độ tuổi theo giới tính in the year 1984.

Overall statementIt is clear that the population of India was younger trẻ hơn than that of France in
1984, with a noticeably larger proportion tỷ lệ lớn hơn đáng kể of people aged under 20 dân số dưới 20
tuổi . Overall statementFrance, on the other hand, had a significantly larger percentage tỷ lệ lớn hơn
đáng kể of elderly inhabitants cư dân .
In India, close to gần 14% of people were aged 5 or under, and each five-year age bracket mỗi
nhóm tuổi 5 tuổi above this contained an increasingly smaller proportion tỷ lệ ngày càng nhỏ of the
population. France’s population, by contrast, was more evenly distributed phân bố đồng đều
hơn across the age ranges các phạm vi tuổi , with similar figures số liệu tương tự (around 7% to 8% of
all people) for each five-year cohort mỗi nhóm tuổi between the ages of 0 and 40. Somewhere
between 10% and 15% of all French people were aged 70 or older, but the equivalent figure con
số tương đương for India was only 2%.

Looking more closely at gender, there was a noticeably higher proportion tỷ lệ cao hơn đáng kể of
French women than men in every cohort from age 50 upwards. For example, almost 3% of
French 70- to 75-year-olds were women, while just under 2% were men. No significant gender
differences can be seen on the Indian population chart biểu đồ dân số .

The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK,
divided into three categories, from 1995- 2002.

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Opening statementThe bar chart compares the amount of time spent lượng thời gian by people in the
UK on three different types of phone call ba hình thức gọi điện thoại khác nhau between 1995 and 2002.
Overall statementIt is clear that calls made via những cuộc gọi được thực hiện qua.... local, fixed
lines đường dây cố định were the most popular phổ biến nhất type, in terms of overall usage mức sử dụng
tổng thể , throughout the period shown. Overall statementThe lowest figures số liệu thấp nhất on the
chart are for mobile calls, but this category loại hình also saw the most dramatic increase có sự tăng
lên mạnh nhất in user minutes thời gian thực hiện cuộc gọi người sử dụng .

In 1995, people in the UK used fixed lines for a total of tổng số just over 70 billion minutes for
local calls, and about half of một nửa that amount of time for national or international calls. By
contrast, mobile phones were only used for around 4 billion minutes. Over the following four
years, the figures số liệu for all three types of phone call increased steadily tăng đều đặn .

By 1999, the amount of time spent lượng thời gian on local calls using landlines điện thoại cố
định had reached a peak đạt mức cao nhất at 90 billion minutes. Subsequently, the figure for this
category fell giảm xuống , but the rise mức tăng in the other two types of phone call continued tiếp
tục . In 2002, the number of minutes số phút thực hiên cuộc gọi of national/international landline
calls passed vượt qua 60 billion, while the figure for mobiles rose tăng lên to around 45 billion
minutes.

The graphs below summarise the results of a survey carried out by the Department of Health
about the overweight population in Britain with projections.
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The first two graphs show a marked rise sự gia tăng rõ rệt in obesity tình trạng béo phì in Britain by
2010. The number of men who have a weight problem có vấn đề về cân nặng is estimated to được ước
tính be as high as cao tới 6.8 million in 2010, over 50% higher cao hơn than in
2003. The increase sự gia tăng in women who have the same problem có cùng vấn đề tends to có xu
hướng be smaller ít hơn , rising tăng lên almost 30% from 4.7 million to 6 million.

In children, it is another picture. The survey cuộc khảo sát suggests that girls who
are overweight thừa cân will see a greater increase tăng nhiều hơn during the period 2003-2010
to more than hơn 900 thousand, 100 thousand more than boys who have the same
problem, although in 2003, there were more boys than girls suffering obesity bị béo phì , over 700
thousand versusabout 690 thousand.

As shown in the third graph, children in households where both parents are obese are twice as
likely to be obese as có khả năng bị béo phì cao gấp đôi those in households where one parent is obese
( 12. 5%) and five times as cao gấp năm lần those with parents having a healthy weight có cân nặng
khỏe mạnh (5%).

Overall statementOverall, UK's obese population dân số béo phì will grow in size tăng về quy mô ,
including both children and adults nhưng người lớn . Overall statementWhile men are expected
to được dự kiến outnumber nhiều hơn, đông hơn women by 2010, girls will surpass vượt
qua boys. Overall statementThe children with at least one parent having a weight
problem are more likely to be obese có khả năng bị béo phì than those with parents having a healthy
weight.

The diagrams provide some information about the housing prices of five cities around the world
from 1990 to 2000.
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Opening statementThe given tables các bảng số liệu cho sẵn offer cung cấp a glimpse of cái nhìn sơ
lược the real estate market thị trường bất động sản in five major cities around the world over two
periods, from 1990 to 1995, and from 1995 to 2000.

San Francisco and Beijing are two cities which saw housing prices climb tăng lên throughout the
period. In the first five years, a 2% rise was recorded mức tăng 2% đã được ghi nhận in San Francisco,
and a 4% in Beijing.
By comparison, the property market thị trường bất động sản of Rome was continuously at
recession liên tục suy thoái , reflected in an average 3.5 percent drop phản ánh mức giảm trung bình
3.5% . Hong Kong and Sydney experienced a similar slump trải qua một đợt sụt giảm tương tự between
1995 and 2000. The housing price slipped giảm 6 % in Hong Kong, as against its 5% gain tăng
lên in the previous five years. The decrease giảm in the housing price in Sydney was narrower ít
hơn , 2 percent only, but still disappointing, compared to its 3% increase mức tăng in the first half
of 1990s.

Overall statementTo recap, there were significant differences in the housing market thị trường bất
động sản in those five cities in the last decade of the last century thập kỷ cuối cùng của thế kỷ
trước . Overall statementWhile some experienced a long period of growth đã trải qua một thời gian dài
tăng trưởng , the rest were subject to price fluctuations phải chịu sự biến động về giá .

The first chart below shows the number of airline crew (pilots, stewards etc) needed to fly a
passenger plane between Australia and a number of other countries. The second chart shows the
number of passenger complaints per plane journey made on these routes, and average kilogram
(kg) weight of luggage (or baggage) carried per passenger.
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Opening statementThe charts give data cung cấp dữ liệu about four flight destinations from
Australia in terms of crew numbers số lượng phi hành đoàn , passenger complaints made khiếu nại của
hành khách and luggage weight per passenger trọng lượng hành lý của mỗi hành khách .

The largest Lớn nhất crew (15 people) is needed for the flight to Germany, followed by Indonesia
(11) and Malaysia (8). The destination requiring the least crew điểm đến yêu cầu ít số lương phi hành đoàn
nhất per plane is New Zealand (with 6 crew). This trend is reflected Xu hướng này được phản ánh in
the weight of luggage per passenger trọng lượng hành lý trên mỗi hành khách , with Germany having the
heaviest nặng nhất baggage hành lý at 38 kg, and Indonesia the second heaviest nặng thứ 2 at 32
kg. Malaysia flights carry mang 30kg per passenger, and New Zealand has the lightest nhẹ
nhất figure con số at 15 kg.

However, the pattern for customer complaints xu hướng khiếu nại của khách hàng is reversed đảo ngược ,
with New Zealand flights having the most complaints có nhiều khiếu nại nhất (6 per
flight), followed by Indonesia and Malaysia with 3 each. Flights to Germany have
the fewest complaints có ít phàn nàn nhất , with only 1 per flight.

Overall statementOverall, it is apparent that flights to Germany require the most crew and
baggage, while those to New Zealand require the least. Overall statementHowever, passengers to
Germany make the least complaints ít phàn nàn nhất , while flights to New Zealand cause the most
complaints có nhiều phàn nàn nhất . Overall statementThe Malaysia and Indonesia flights lie
roughly between these two extremes nằm gần giữa hai thái cực này .

Dạng Multiple Tables/ Graphs/ Charts

Opening statementThe chart gives information about UK immigration, emigration and net
migration between 1999 and 2008.

Overall statementBoth immigration and emigration rates rose tăng lên over the period shown, but
the figures số liệu for immigration were significantly higher cao hơn đáng kể . Overall statementNet
migration peaked đạt mức cao nhất in 2004 and 2007.

In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in đến sống ở the UK, while the number of people who
emigrated số lượng người di cư stood ở mức at just under 300,000. The figure for net migration was
around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level vẫn ở mức tương tự until 2003. From 1999 to
2004, the immigration rate tỷ lệ nhập cư rose tăng lên by nearly 150,000 people, but there was
a much smaller rise mức tăng nhỏ hơn in emigration. Net migration peaked at almost 250,000 people
in 2004.

After 2004, the rate of immigration tỷ lệ nhập cư remained vẫn/duy trì high, but the number of people
emigrating số người di cư fluctuated dao động . Emigration fell suddenly đột ngột giảm in
2007, before peaking at about 420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net migration
figure rose tăng lên to around 240,000 in 2007, but fell back to giảm trở lại around 160,000 in 2008.

The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption
in two different countries.
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Opening statementThe charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and
homes lượng nước được sử dụng cho nông nghiệp, công nghiệp và gia đình around the world trên khắp thế giới ,
and water use lượng nước sử dụng in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Overall statementIt is clear that global water needs nhu cầu sử dụng nước toàn cầu rose significantly tăng
đáng kể between 1900 and 2000, and that agriculture accounted for chiếm the largest proportion tỷ
lệ lớn nhất of water used. Overall statementWe can also see that water consumption
was considerably higher cao hơn đáng kể in Brazil than in the Congo. In 1900, around 500km³ of
water was used by the agriculture sector ngành nông nghiệp worldwide. The figures số
liệu for industrial and domestic water consumption mức tiêu thụ nước cho công nghiệp và sinh hoạt stood ở
mức at around khoảng thời gian 20 năm one fifth of that amount. By 2000, global water use for
agriculture had increased tăng lên to around khoảng thời gian 20 năm 3000km³, industrial water use
had risen tăng lên to just under half dưới một nửa that amount, and domestic consumption mức tiêu thụ
trong sinh hoạt had reached đạt mức approximately xấp xỉ 500km³.

In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and 5.2
million respectively. Water consumption per person in Brazil, at 359m³, was much higher cao hơn
nhiềuthan that in the Congo, at only 8m³, and this could be explained by the fact that Brazil
had 265 times more nhiều hơn 265 lần irrigated land.

The climograph below shows average monthly temperatures and rainfall in the city of Kolkata.

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Opening statementThe chart compares average figures số liệu trung bình for temperature
and precipitation lượng mưa over the course of a calendar year trong suốt 1 năm in Kolkata.

Overall statementIt is noticeable that monthly figures số liệu hàng tháng for precipitation in
Kolkata vary considerably thay đổi đáng kể , whereas monthly temperatures remain relatively
stable vẫn tương đối ổn định . Overall statementRainfall is highest cao nhất from July to
August, while temperatures are highest in April and May.

Between the months of January and May, average temperatures in Kolkata rise tăng lên from
their lowest point điểm thấp nhất at around 20°C to a peak mức cao nhất of just over 30°C. Average
rainfall in the city also rises over the same period, from approximately xấp xỉ 20mm of rain in
January to 100mm in May.
While temperatures stay roughly the same giữ nguyên for the next four months, the amount of
rainfall more than doubles tăng hơn gấp đôi between May and June. Figures for
precipitation remain giữ nguyên above 250mm from June to September, peaking at around 330mm
in July. The final three months of the year see a dramatic fall cho thấy lượng mưa giảm đáng kể in
precipitation, to a low of mức thấp khoảng about 10mm in December, and a steady drop mức giảm ổn
định in temperatures back to the January average.

The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different ages who
were living alone in [Link] pie chart compares the numbers of bedrooms in these one-person
households.
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Opening statementThe two charts give information about single-occupant households các hộ gia
đình có 1 người sinh sống in England in the year 2011. Opening statementThe bar chart compares
figures for occupants' age and gender độ tuổi và giới tính của người sinh sống , and the pie chart shows
data about the number of bedrooms in these homes hộ gia đình .

Overall statementOverall, females made up chiếm a higher proportion tỷ lệ cao hơn of people living
alone những người sống một mình than males, and this difference is particularly noticeable in the older
age categories các danh mục . Overall statementWe can also see that the most common phổ biến
nhất number of bedrooms in a single-occupant home nhà dành cho một người ở was two.

A significant majority of môột phần lớn the people aged 65 or over who were living alone in
England in 2011 were female. Women made up around khoảng 72% of single occupants những
người độc thân aged 75 to 84, and 76% of those aged 85 or over. By contrast, among younger
adults the figures for males were higher cao hơn . For example, in the 35-49 age category,
men accounted for chiếm nearly gần 65% of people living alone.

In the same year, 35.4% of one-person households hộ gia đình có 1 người in England had two
bedrooms, while one-bedroom and three-bedroom homes accounted for 28% and 29.8% of the
total. Under 7% of single-occupant homes had four or more bedrooms.

The pie graphs show greenhouse gas emissions worldwide in 2002 and the forecast for 2030. The
column chart shows carbon dioxide emissions around the world.
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Opening statementThe graphs give cung cấp past and future data dữ liệu trong quá khứ và tương
lai concerning worldwide carbon dioxide emission lượng phát thải CO2 trên toàn cầu .

As can be seen in the two pie charts, developing countries are expected ước tính to account
for chiếm a bigger share tỷ trọng lớn hơn of emissions in 2030, 48%, compared to 38% in 2002. In
contrast, OECD countries are projected dự kiến to make up chiếm a lower proportion tỷ trọng thấp
hơn , 43%, 9% down giảm over the same period. Countries with transition economies
are estimated ước tính to take up chiếm the remaining phần còn lại 9% in 2030, 1 % less thấp hơn than
in 2002.

The bar chart reveals cho biết that carbon dioxide emissions will expand to varying degrees tăng lên
ở các mức độ khác nhau in different sectors by 2030. Industry will continue to be the major producer
of carbon dioxide là lĩnh vực chính tạo ra nhiều CO2 , rising tăng lên to more than 10 billion tons in
2030. Next comes the consumer sector, which is projected to more than double nhiều hơn gấp đôi its
emissions from less than 4 billion to 8 billion or more tons. Transportation, the third largest
producer lĩnh vực tạo ra nhiều CO2 thứ 3 , will see a huge growth chứng kiến mức tăng trưởng khổng lồ to 6
billion, triple the amount gấp ba lần in 2002. By comparison, waste combustion and other
sectors make up a much lower thấp hơn nhiều proportion, each producing an estimated 1 billion
carbon dioxide.

Overall statementTo summarise, developing countries will overtake vượt qua OECD countries to
become the major carbon dioxide emission producer là lĩnh vực chính tạo ra nhiều CO2 by 2030. Overall
statementWhile industry is responsible for the highest amount chịu trách nhiệm về lượng phát thải carbon
dioxide cao nhất of carbon dioxide emissions, consumer and transportation experience the greatest
increases có mức tăng lớn nhất .

The graphs provide information about worldwide energy consumption, the countries with oil
reserves and the world oil prices from 2000 to 2025.
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Opening statementThe two pie charts, combined with the line chart Hai biểu đồ tròn, kết hợp với biểu đồ
đường , give cung cấp an overview tổng quan of some aspects of the energy market một số khía cạnh của
thị trường năng lượng .

According to the first pie chart, the consumption of oil was the highest cao nhất in
2005, accounting for chiếm 37% of the energy consumed worldwide năng lượng tiêu thụ trên toàn thế
giới , followed by coal and natural gas, taking up chiếm 28% and 23% separately. Nuclear power
and hydro-electricity evenly contributed to đóng góp the remaining phần còn lại 12%.

Saudi Arabia and Canada are the two countries with the largest lớn nhất oil reserves trữ lượng dầu —
20% versus 14%. Four Mid-east countries, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and United Arab follow behind theo
sau , each having 8 to 10% of the global reserves. Venezuela, Russia and the United States are
on the list as well, but account for a smaller share tỷ lệ nhỏ hơn , 6%, 5% and 2% respectively.

The line chart shows cho thấy a wide variation sự thay đổi rộng in the world oil prices in the first
decade of the 21 st century thập kỷ đầu tiên của thế kỷ 21 . In 2000, oil cost giá thành a mere chỉ 33 dollars
per barrel, or even less ít hơn in the following three years. From 2003 onwards, the price
had surged markedly tăng rõ rệt and finally hit a peak đạt mức cao nhất of 60 dollars in about
2006. Since then, the oil price is expected to dự kiến drop giảm xuống for three years or
longer, down giảm to 48 dollars in 2010 and remain at that level vẫn ở mức đó throughout the rest of
the given period.

As suggested above, oil is very likely rất có thể to remain as an important energy source vẫn là một
nguồn năng lượng quan trọng , with more than half the global oil reserves being located in Mid-east
countries. In the two decades to come, the oil price is unlikely to return to its low levels trở lại mức
thấp in the early 2000s.

Graphs below provide the latest figure about the demographics of the US, including ethnical
groups and the population, based on a census that was carried out and administered by US
Census Bureau in 2006.
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Opening statementThe table, combined with the bar chart Bảng số liệu, kết hợp với biểu đồ thanh ,
provides an overview tổng quan of demographics of the United States from the early last century to
the present.

It can be seen in the table that the total US population is now 300 million, 1.5 times larger lớn
hơn than 40 years ago, 200 million. Hispanics and Asian Americans expanded much faster mở
rộng nhanh hơn nhiều than other races chủng tộc .

According to the census, 44.7 million Americans are currently Hispanic, more than five
times higher nhiều hơn than in 1966, while the Asian population is as large as lớn tới 14.3 million,
a ten-fold increase mức tăng gấp 10 lần over the 1966 level. By comparison, although white
Americans are still in the majority vẫn chiếm đa số , accounting for chiếm two thirds of the current
US population, the growth rate tỷ lệ tăng trưởng was lower thấp hơn than the general population dân số
chung . Afro-Americans, who made up chiếm the second largest lớn thứ 2 ethnical group nhóm dân
tộc in 1966 with a population of 22.3 million, dropped giảm xuống to number three, behind whites
and Hispanics. Other ethnical groups take up chiếm the remaining phần còn lại 1.3 million.

In the first half of the 20th century, the US population grew tăng lên at different rates, ranging
from từ .... đến .... million to 20 million a decade, the bar chart suggests. It accelerated tăng
nhanh since the middle of the last, adding at least 20 million to the overall population dân số tổng
thể every ten years. The 1990s alone experienced a growth trải qua một đợt tăng trưởng dân số of more
than 30 million.

To summarise, the US population continued to swell tiếp tục tăng since the early last century
and the greatest increases sự gia tăng lớn nhất occurred to Hispanics and Asian Americans from 1966
to 2006.

The first graph below shows the weight (in tonnes) of fruit produced by a farm during each
month in 2013, and also the amount (in tonnes) of fertiliser used. The second graph shows the
volume of rainfall in each month (in millimetres).
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Opening statementThe charts give information cung cấp thông tin regarding the tonnage trọng tải of
fruit produced in a farm per month mỗi tháng in 2013, the fertiliser used and the monthly
rainfall lượng mưa hàng tháng in that year.

We can see that fruit production sản lượng trái cây rose steadily tăng đều đặn from just over 2 tonnes in
January to a peak of mức cao nhất roughly khoảng 4.2 tonnes by August. Output sản
lượng then fell rapidly giảm nhanh , declining giảm xuống to around khoảng the initial 2 tonne mark in
December. However, looking at fertiliser use việc sử dụng phân bón , we see that this seasonal pattern
is largely reversed mô hình theo mùa phần lớn bị đảo ngược : the most nhiều nhất fertiliser (just under 1
tonne) was utilised sử dụng in April, followed by a marked decline sự sụt giảm rõ rệt to zero in June
and July. Fertiliser consumption mức tiêu thụ phân bón then increased slightly tăng nhẹ in the
autumn, rising tăng lên to a total of around 0.7 tonnes before dipping giảm xuống to just below 0.5
tonnes at year end.

Regarding rainfall, this appears to reflect the use of fertiliser việc sử dụng phân bón , with an early
high mức cao ban đầu of 16mm in February, falling consistently giảm liên tục to 4mm in July, August
and September. Rainfall then increased steadily tăng đều to reach đạt mức 14mm in December.

Overall statementIn summary, this farm generally employed sử dụng the most fertiliser at seasons
of high rainfall, and by contrast it produced the most fruit when both rainfall and fertiliser use
were around their lowest xung quanh mức thấp nhất .

The charts below compare five different countries, showing the electricity used (measured in
megawatts or mw) in a typical hospital during one week, and also the number of emergency
medical calls made by local residents during the same week. The last chart shows the average
time (in minutes) spent on assessing emergency cases by hospital medical staff before the
patients are treated.

Chart 1 (below): Electricity used (megawatts or mw) in a typical hospital

Chart 2 (below): Number of emergency medical calls made by local residents

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Opening statementThe charts show electricity use, local emergency calls cuộc gọi khẩn cấp tại địa
phương and time spent on patients thời gian dành cho bệnh nhân for a group of typical hospitals.

Regarding electricity, we see that consumption mức tiêu thụ phân bón in the French and Japanese
hospitals is roughly stable gần như ổn định during the week, fluctuating dao động around khoảng 32
and 18 mw respectively. In Canada and Russia, electricity use mức sử dụng
điện climbs dramatically tăng đáng kể towards the end of the week, going sẽ tăng from 26 to 38 mw
and from 12 to 24 mw. In Argentina, however, the use actually declines giảm xuóng by almost half.

There is a similar pattern xu hướng tương tự in the number of

emergency calls made, which fluctuate dao động in France (around 90 calls) and Canada (around
110). In Canada these calls rise tăng lên by roughly khoảng half, from around 105 on Monday to
over 160 on Sunday, with the figure con số in Russia showing a similar growth cho thấy mức tăng
tương tự to 110 by the weekend. Argentina is again the exception ngoại lệ , with a decline of mức
giảm about half.

By contrast, time spent on patient assessment is generally stable nói chung là ổn định during the week
in all the countries except Russia, where there is a marked rise mức tăng rõ rệt from Monday’s 12
minutes (which is the typical daily rate tỷ lệ hàng ngày of each country except Japan) to 28 minutes
on Sunday.

Overall statementIn summary, it seems that electricity use may reflect an increase phản ánh sự gia
tăng in emergency calls made, but only in Russia does assessment time increase by the same
pattern tăng theo xu hướng tương tự .

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Chart 1 below shows the normal price of a tablet computer in different stores (in US dollars), and
the % discount offered by these stores when the products are sold on promotion. Chart 2 shows
the % increase in volume sales when the discount promotions are happening, and Chart 3 shows
funds (in 000 US dollars) spent on TV advertising during these promotions.
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Opening statementThe charts show average prices giá trung bình , promotional discounts giảm giá
khuyến mại , sales uplifts tăng doanh số and advertising budgets ngân sách quảng cáo for 7 stores selling
tablet computers.

4 of these stores have a normal price có mức giá bình thường of around khoảng $300 per item (Slaker,
Jones, Scots and Fraser). 2 stores (Lewis and Nova) have a much higher price mức giá cao hơn
nhiều at $460 and $565 respectively. The lowest price Giá thấp nhất ($180) is seen in Smith. We see
a similar grouping một nhóm tương tự in the promotional discounts offered, with the 4 mid-priced
stores các cửa hàng giá trung bình offering cung cấp 10% off, the two higher-priced stores các cửa hàng giá
cao hơn giving cung cấp 20% (Lewis) and 25% (Nova), and Smith offering only 5% discount.

Lewis and Nova also see the highest rate of uplift có tỷ lệ tăng cao nhất in sales volumes on
promotion lượng tiêu thụ khi khuyến mãi (at 21% and 23% respectively), while Slaker, Jones, Scots and
Fraser are again similarly grouped được nhóm với nhau with around a 12% increase mức tăng
12% each. Smith has the lowest sales increase có mức tăng doanh số bán hàng thấp nhất with below 5%.

Turning to TV advertising, Slaker, Jones, Scots and Fraser have roughly similar gần giống
nhau funds quỹ of between $63,000 and $70,000. Lewis and Nova have much lower thấp hơn
nhiều spends chi tiêu at $18,000 and $21,000, while Smith does not spend money chi tiêu at all.

In summary, the 4 mid-price stores spend the most nhiều nhất on advertising and achieve similar
uplifts đạt được mức tăng tương tự with their 10% discounts. Lewis and Nova spend about one third of
these levels, but achieve roughly double khoảng the uplift by offering approximately xấp
xỉ double the level of discount mức chiết khấu . Smith, with its lower thấp hơn nhiều normal price,
is barely active hầu như không hoạt động on promotions.

Charts 1 and 2 below show the proportion of income spent on different areas by young people in
Canada and Poland. Chart 3 shows the average age of certain life events for these countries, and
an estimated global average age.
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Opening statementThe charts show the percentage tỷ lệ of youth income thu nhập của thanh niên spent
on various areas các lĩnh vực khác nhau in Poland and Canada, and also three key life events by
age ba sự kiện quan trọng trong đời theo độ tuổi compared to an estimated global norm ước tính quy chuẩn toàn
cầu .

Looking firstly at income, we see that in Canada the 2 highest cao nhất areas of expense chi phí cho
những lĩnh vực are leisure and clothing, at 20% and 19% respectively. The other areas (housing,
food, transport and studies) are all roughly similar gần như tương tự , at between 14% to 16%.

In Poland, however, studies take almost half chiếm gần một nửa mức chi tiêu the expenditure chi tiêu at
43%, followed by transport at 26%. Leisure and clothing are similar tương tự at 10% and 11%,
and housing/food are the same giống nhau at 5%.

Regarding life events, we see that, in Poland, leaving home and buying a car happen diễn ra at an
age close to gần với the predicted global norm ước tính quy chuẩn toàn cầu of around 26
years, whereas in Canada they happen much earlier sớm hơn nhiều at 20 years or just under. Getting
married, by contrast, is similar tương tự in both countries at around 30 years, which is much
later muộn hơn nhiều than the world average trung bình thế giới of just over 20.
In summary, young people’s expenditure chi tiêu của giới trẻ in Canada is more evenly split phân chia
đều hơn than Poland, where transport and studies take the vast majority chiếm phần lớn . Poland
is closer gần với to the global average mức trung bình trên toàn cầu than Canada in terms of life events.

Chart A below shows the rate of oil consumption (in millions of barrels) in a small country from
1950 to 2010. Chart B shows the number of people employed in the oil industry in that country,
and also the rate of unemployment throughout the country over the same time.

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Opening statementThe charts show the progress tiến độ of oil consumption, oil sector
employment việc làm trong lĩnh vực dầu mỏ and national unemployment tỷ lệ thất nghiệp trên toàn quốc in
a nation quốc gia between 1950 and 2010.

Regarding oil consumption, this fluctuated dao động around khoảng 20 million barrels per year until
1970, when it rose steadily tăng đều đặn to reach đạt mức 40 million in 2000 and around 50 million
by 2010. Looking at the data on oil industry jobs việc làm trong ngành dầu mỏ , we see that the growth
in consumption mức tăng trưởng trong tiêu thụ was matched khớp by a roughly gần như similar threefold
trend xu hướng tương tự gấp 3 lần in employment in that sector. Numbers fluctuated around 1000
people until 1970, before climbing consistently tăng liên tục , passing vượt qua mức 1,800 in 1980 and
reaching 3,100 in 2010.

However, turning to national unemployment, this figure con số declined progressively giảm
dần over the entire period, dropping giảm xuống from 4% in 1950 to 3.1% in 1980,
and finally arriving đạt đến mức at 1.6% by the last year in question.

Overall statementOverall, we can say that the rise in oil use in this country was reflected sự gia
tăng trong việc sử dụng dầu mỏ ở quốc gia này đã được phản ánh in an approximately corresponding rate of
growth xấp xỉ tỷ lệ tăng trưởng tương ứng in people employed in the oil business những người làm việc trong
ngành kinh doanh dầu mỏ] . Overall statementAt the same time, total unemployment dropped giản by
more than half.

The chart below gives data about the popularity (% of people doing regularly) of various sports
in different countries. The graph shows the amount of time that people in those countries spend
reading books, newspapers or Internet articles per day. There is also a table showing the average
price of books.

Chart 1: Popularity of sport

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Opening statementThe charts show information cung cấp thông tin for 4 countries regarding the
popularity of certain sports, time spent reading thời gian dành cho việc đọc and the average price of
books.

In terms of the sports, we see that country A, C and D are in most respects các khía cạnh quite
similar khá giống nhau . In each of these countries, regular participation tham gia thường xuyên in tennis,
swimming and running is around the 10% mark. Country D is somewhat different hơi
khác because its popularity of gym use is about two and a half times higher nhiều hơn hai lần
rưỡi than the other countries, at 25%. This is the highest cao nhất level of popularity in the data
shown.

Nation B is a noticeable exception một ngoại lệ đáng chú ý in most respects. Although its popularity
of gym use (10%) is similar tương tự to countries A and C, in other sports it has a much higher cao
hơn nhiều level of participation. It has tennis at about 18%, swimming at around 21%, and
its figure con số for running (about 23%) is the second highest here.
Turning to time spent reading, countries A, C and D are very similar at around 55
minutes, while B is less ít hơn than half of this at 20 minutes. However, there is no real
difference không có sự khác biệt thực sự in book prices between the countries, where 7 euros is roughly
the norm gần như là định mức in each.

Overall statementOverall, country B’s higher participation in sport mức độ tham gia nhiều hơn vào thể
thao may be reflected in lower thấp hơn reading times thời gian đọc , but the price of books appears
not to follow this pattern theo xu hướng này .

The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

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Opening statementThe pie chart shows cho thấy the worldwide distribution of sales phân phối doanh
số bán hàng of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between
1996 and 2001.

In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of đã bán được tổng số 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink
product sản phẩm nước giải khát có ga worldwide. The largest consumer thị trường người tiêu dùng lớn
nhất was North America, where 30.4 per cent of the total volume was purchased mua/tiêu
thụ . The second largest consumer thị trường người tiêu dùng lớn thứ hai was Latin America. Europe and
Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 percent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the
Middle East remained fairly small consumers vẫn là những thị trường tiêu dùng khá nhỏ at 7 per cent of
the total volume of sales.

Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated dao động . In that year, shares were valued
at định giá approximately $35. Between 1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly tăng đáng
kể to $70 per share. They dipped a little giảm một chút in mid-1997 and then peaked đạt mức cao
nhất at $80 per share in mid-98. From then until 2000 their value fell consistently giảm liên
tục but there was a slight rise một mức tăng nhẹ in mid-2000.

The figures below show spending on leisure activities as a percentage of total household
spending in seven European countries.

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Opening statementThe bar chart shows how much money is spent số tiền được chi tiêu in seven
European countries on free time activities các hoạt động khi rảnh rỗi as a percentage of total household
spending whilst the pie chart shows the average amount of money spent each year số tiền trung bình
chi tiêu mỗi năm by households in the UK on various leisure activities hoạt động giải trí .

UK households spend the highest money on chi tiêu nhiều tiền nhất cho leisure activities
(21.3%). Those in Sweden, Austria and Germany spend similar percentages tỷ lệ tương tự on
leisure activities - 18.4%,17.7% and 16.8% respectively. Households in Greece and
Portugal spend smaller percentages chi tiêu với tỷ lệ nhỏ hơn -13.3% and 12.9% respectively. Those in
Italy spend the lowest percentage chi tiêu với mức thấp nhất on leisure activities at 10.9%

UK households spend an average of £2868 on leisure activities each year. Half of this (£1431) is
spent on được chi cho outdoor activities. About 20% (£588) goes towards dành cho culture and
sport. £313 goes towards electrical goods and music. Spending on reading material and on
holidays is the same như nhau at £268.

Overall statementFrom the bar chart and the pie chart, we can see that the percentage of
household spending given over đã dành cho to free time activities varies considerably khác nhau đáng
kể between different European countries and that, in the UK, the free time activities that take the
largest chiếm nhiều nhất chunk of money are outdoor ones.

Dạng Process/ Diagram

The diagram below shows the life cycle of a salmon, from egg to adult fish.
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Opening statementThe diagram illustrates the stages in the life of the salmon các giai đoạn trong vòng
đời của cá hồi , from birth to maturity sơ sinh đến trưởng thành .

Overall statementIt is clear that there are six main stages as the salmon develops phát triển from
egg to mature adult trưởng thành . Overall statementWe can also see that salmon spend time in three
distinct locations during the cycle chu kỳ , moving from river to estuary to ocean and then back
upstream.

Salmon begin their lives bắt đầu vòng đời của chúng in rivers where the adult fish lay and incubate
their eggs đẻ và ấp trứng của chúng . After emerging from eggs chui ra từ trong trứng , the young salmon
spend the next stage giai đoạn of their lives being reared in freshwater areas được nuôi trong các vùng
nước ngọt . Then, at some point in their development sự phát triển , the fish swim bơi downstream to
river estuaries where rearing continues quá trình nuôi nấng tiếp tục .

Following the estuary rearing period giai đoạn , the maturing salmon migrate to di cư đến the ocean,
where they eventually become trở thành fully grown adults những con cá hồi trưởng thành hoàn
toàn . Finally, the adult fish cá trưởng thành travel bơi back upstream to spawning areas of
rivers; here they reproduce and lay their eggs sinh sản và đẻ trứng , and the life cycle begins anew bắt
đầu lại .
Opening statementThe diagram illustrates the various stages in the life các giai đoạn khác nhau trong
cuộc đời of a honey bee. Overall statementWe can see that the complete life cycle vòng
đời lasts between 34 and 36 days. Overall statementIt is also noticeable that there are five main
stages in the development sự phát triển of the honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect trứng đến
côn trùng trưởng thành .

The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg đẻ trứng ; the female
typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each
egg hatches nở and the immature insect con non , or nymph, appears xuất hiện .

During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size phát triển về kích thước and sheds its
skin lột da three times. This moulting Thay lông first takes place diễn ra 5 days after the
egg hatches, then 7 days later, and again another 9 days later. After a total of 30 to 31 days from
the start of the cycle, the young adult honey bee emerges from its final moulting stage xuất hiện từ
giai đoạn thay lông cuối cùng , and in the space of trong khoảng thời gian only 4 days it reaches full
maturity đạt đến độ trưởng thành hoàn toàn .

The diagrams below show some principles of house design for cool and for warm climates.
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Opening statementThe diagrams show how house designs differ according to climate khác nhau
theo khí hậu .

Overall statementThe most noticeable difference Sự khác biệt đáng chú ý nhất between houses designed
for cool and warm climates is in the shape of the roof. Overall statementThe
designs also cũng differ with regard to the windows and the use of insulation.

We can see that the cool climate house has a high-angled roof,which allows sunlight to enter cho
phép ánh sáng mặt trời chiếu vào through the window. By contrast, the roof of the warm climate
house has a peak in the middle có đỉnh ở giữa and roof overhangs to shade the windows mái nhô ra để
che cửa sổ . Insulation and thermal building materials Vật liệu xây dựng cách nhiệt và chất cách ly are used in
cool climates to reduce heat loss giảm thất thoát nhiệt , whereas insulation and reflective materials vật
liệu cách nhiệt và phản chiếu are used to keep the heat out giữ nhiệt in warm climates
Finally, the cool climate house has one window which faces the direction of the sun hướng về phía
mặt trời , while the warm climate house ngôi nhà ở khí hậu ấm has windows on two sides which
are shaded from the sun che nắng . By opening the two windows Bằng cách mở hai cửa sổ at night, the
house designed for warm climates ngôi nhà được thiết kế cho khí hậu ấm can be ventilated thông gió .

The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above
and below the surface of the Earth.

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Opening statementThe picture Hình ảnh illustrates minh họa the way in which water passes from
ocean to air to land từ đại dương lên không khí rồi xuống đất liền during the natural process known as the
water cycle.

Overall statementThree main stages giai đoạn are shown on the diagram. Overall statementOcean
water evaporates bốc hơi , falls as rain, and eventually runs back into the oceans again.

Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapour in the air comes from
the oceans. Heat from the sun causes khiến cho water to evaporate, and water vapour condenses to
form clouds ngưng tụ lại tạo thành mây . At the second stage, labelled ‘precipitation’ lượng mưa on the
diagram, water falls as rain or snow rơi xuống dưới dạng mưa hoặc tuyết .
At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater nước mưa may take various paths chảy theo nhiều con đường
khác nhau] . Some of it may fall into lakes or return to the oceans via ‘surface runoff’. Otherwise,
rainwater may filter through the ground thấm qua mặt đất , reaching the impervious layer of the
earth. Salt water intrusion is shown to take place được diễn ra just before groundwater passes into
the oceans chảy ra đại dương to complete the cycle.

The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute
information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.

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Opening statementThe figure hình ảnh illustrates minh họa the process các quy trình used by the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology to forecast the weather.

Overall statementThere are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of
information about the weather thu thập thông tin về thời tiết . Overall statementThis information
is then analysed, prepared for presentation, and finally broadcast to the public.

Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three ways of collecting weather
data and three ways of analysing it. Firstly, incoming information can be received by
satellite được vệ tinh thu nhận and presented for analysis as a satellite photo được trình bày để phân tích dưới
dạng ảnh vệ tinh . The same data Dữ liệu tương tự can also be passed to a radar station được chuyển đến trạm
radar and presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart được trình bày trên màn hình radar hoặc biểu đồ khái
quát . Secondly, incoming information may be collected directly được thu thập trực tiếp by radar
and analysed on a radar screen or synoptic chart được phân tích trên màn hình radar hoặc biểu đồ khái
quát . Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown on a synoptic chart hiển thị trên
biểu đồ khái quát .

At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on computers được chuẩn bị trên
máy tính . Finally, it is delivered to the public được phát thanh cho công chúng on television, on the radio,
or as a recorded telephone announcement.

The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.

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Opening statementThe flow chart sơ đồ quy trình shows how waste paper is recycled cách tái chế giấy
thải . Overall statementIt is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial
collection of waste paper thu gom giấy thải ban đầu to the eventual production of usable paper quy trình
sản xuất cuối cùng của giấy có thể sử dụng được .

At the first stage in the paper recycling process quy trình tái chế giấy , waste paper is collected được thu
thập trực tiếp either from paper banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or
directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand sau đó được phân loại bằng
tay and separated được phân chia according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for
recycling being removed iấy không phù hợp để tái chế sẽ bị loại bỏ . Next, the graded paper giấy đã được phân
loại is transported được vận chuyển to a paper mill.

Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and pulped được
làm sạch và nghiền thành bột , and foreign objects các vật thể lạ such as staples are taken out được lấy
ra . Following this, all remnants of ink and glue dấu vết của mực và keo are removed được loại bỏ from
the paper at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed được xử lý in a paper making
machine, which makes the end product: usable paper sản phẩm cuối cùng: giấy sử dụng được .

The diagrams below show how houses can be protected in areas which are prone to flooding.

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Opening statementThe diagrams compare so sánh two different methods of defence for
homes phương pháp bảo vệ nhà which are at risk of being flooded có nguy cơ bị ngập lụt .

Overall statementThe key difference sự khác biệt chính between the diagrams is that they show flood
protection sự phòng ngừa bão lũ with and without a stopbank có và không có kè chắn lũ . Overall
statementIn either case, the at-risk home ngôi nhà đang gặp rủi ro is raised on stilts dựng trên nhà
sàn above ground level.

The first diagram shows how a stopbank acts as a flood barrier hàng rào ngăn lũ to stop ngăn river
water from flooding homes. The stopbank is a small mound of land một gò đất nhỏ next to the river
that is higher cao hơn than the 100-year flood level, and prevents ngăn the river from bursting vỡ
(bờ) its banks. Nearby houses can be built on stilts được xây dựng theo kiểu nhà sàn to prevent flooding
from rainwater, and a floodgate beneath bên dưới the stopbank can be opened được mở to allow this
‘ponding’ to drain off into the river xả ra sông .

When there is no stopbank, as shown in the second diagram, there will be nothing to stop the
river from flooding. In this case, the solution is to put buildings on stilts đặt các căn nhà trên nhà
sàn . The height of the stilts is measured dược đo so that the floor of the house is
300mm above trên the 100-year flood level. This measurement is called the ‘freeboard’.

The diagram below shows how solar panels can be used to provide electricity for domestic use.

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Opening statementThe picture hình ảnh illustrates minh họa the process of producing electricity in a
home quy trình sản xuất điện trong nhà using solar panels.

Overall statementIt is clear that there are five distinct stages giai đoạn riêng biệt in this
process, beginning with bắt đầu với the capture of energy lấy năng lượng from sunlight. Overall
statementThe final two steps show how domestic electricity điện sinh hoạt is connected to
the external power supply nguồn điện bên ngoài .

At the first stage in the process, solar panels on the roof of a normal house take energy lấy năng
lượng from the sun and convert it into chuyển nó thành DC current. Next, this current
is passed chuyển to an inverter, which changes chuyển nó thành it to AC current and regulates điều
chỉnh the supply of electricity nguồn cung cấp điện . At stage three, electricity is supplied cung cấp to
the home from an electrical panel.

At the fourth step shown on the diagram, a utility meter in the home is responsible for chịu trách
nhiệm sending truyền any extra electric power nguồn điện phụ outside the house into the grid. Finally,
if the solar panels do not provide enough energy các tấm pin mặt trời không cung cấp đủ năng lượng for the
household, electricity will flow from the utility grid truyền từ lưới điện into the home through the
meter

The diagram below shows the life cycle of the butterfly. Summarise the information by selecting
and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
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The life cycle of a butterfly starts from egg laying bắt đầu từ khi đẻ trứng] . The female butterfly
normally lays eggs on a plant đẻ trứng trên cây that it thinks is [suitable for accommodating and
feeding caterpillars. In each egg, an embryo develops gradually phát triển dần dần . In general,
this period giai đoạn takes two to three weeks mất từ hai đến ba tuần . The fully-grown embryo Phôi thai
phát triển đầy đủ , called được gọi là “the caterpillar”, will emerge from the egg chui ra từ trong trứng .

The next stage is skin-shedding. Caterpillars will shed their skin lột da several times throughout
this stage. They feed on the food plants ăn các loại cây where they live. This stage Giai đoạn lasts for
two months kéo dài nhiều nhất là hai tháng at most, until caterpillars are ready for the pupal stage.

The pupal stage is possibly one of the greatest wonders in the natural world. At this stage, the
caterpillar wraps itself in a pupa tự bao bọc trong một con nhộng , a creature sinh vật it creates within two
hours. Inside the pupa, a process known as được gọi là metamorphosis takes place. In two weeks,
the pupa is transformed into an adult butterfly biến thành một con bướm trưởng thành .

At the final stage, the adult butterfly will break the pupal case phá vỡ vỏ con nhộng , expand its wings
and take the flightfor the first time. It marks the end đánh dấu sự kết thúc of metamorphosis. Flying
around for new food plants, adult butterflies are ready to mate for a new cycle sẵn sàng giao phối cho
một chu kỳ mớ .

Write a description of how urban refuse is assorted for recycling. Use the information in the
diagram and write a description of this process.

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Collecting and processing recyclables Thu gom và xử lý rác tái chế plays an important role in
the treatment of urban refuse xử lý rác thải đô thị .

The first step is collecting recyclables from rubbish bins. Three main types Ba loại hình chính of
recyclables are bottles (plastic or glass), paper and durables. If recyclables have already been put
in the right rubbish bins, it will save plenty of time that is otherwise required for the second
stage.

In the second stage, material recovery facilities will sort the recyclables phân loại rác tái
chế more carefully. Part of recyclables Một phần của đồ tái chế will be sent to some customers for
their own use được gửi cho một số khách hàng để họ sử dụng . For example, soft drink companies have their
own recycling facilities to take advantage of the soft drink containers collected. Newspapers and
paper towels can be sent to paper and pulp mills.

The rest of recyclables Phần còn lại của rác tái chế will be cleaned, separated and smashed được làm sạch,
phân tách và đập nát as the third part of the recycling loop, known as further-processing
stage. The recycled materials Vật liệu tái chế produced are sold to different businesses bán cho các
doanh nghiệp khác nhau . For example, engineering companies các công ty kỹ thuật are regular buyers of
aluminium, while trong khi ] property developers will buy glass or plastic for various usages.

At the final stage, all the recycled materials will become part of the items vật phẩm used by
households daily. Once those items are disposed, it is expected that households will put them
in appropriate thích hợp rubbish bins. It is how the recycling loop chu trình tái chế keeps operating.

The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building
industry. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
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Opening statementThe process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can
be outlined phác thảo/minh họa in seven consecutive steps x bước liên tiếp .

First the raw material nguyên liệu thô , clay, which was just below the surface of soil dưới mặt đất in
certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up được đào lên by a digger.

Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid đặt trên một lưới kim loại in order to break up chia
nhỏ the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid rơi qua lưới
kim loại onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay tách các mảnh đất sét ra . Sand
and water are added thêm vào to make a homogenous mixture hỗn hợp đồng nhất , which is
then either formed in moulds tạo thành trong khuôn or cut into brick-shaped pieces được cắt thành các
miếng hình viên gạch by means of a wire cutter.

Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven được giữ trong lò sấy for at least 24 and a maximum
of 48 hours tối đa là 48 giờ , several dozen if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are
then transferred to chuyển đến a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they
are kept at a moderate temperature nhiệt độ vừa phải of 200C – 1300C. This process is followed
by cooling down the finished bricks làm nguội những viên gạch đã hoàn thành for 48 to 72 hours in a
cooling chamber.

Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered được
đóng gói và chuyển to their final destination điểm đến cuối cùng , be it a building site or storage.

The illustrations below show how chocolate is produced. Summarise the informaiton by
selecting and reporting the main features.
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Opening statementThe diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate quy trình sản
xuất sô cô la .
Chocolate comes from xuất phát từ the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America,
Africa and Indonesia. The tree produces large red pods tạo ra các quả lớn màu đỏ which contain white
cocoa beans. Firstly, when the pods are ripe chín , they are harvested thu hoạch , the beans
are removed loại bỏ and they are fermented lên men for several days in large wooden boxes. During
the fermenting process quá trình lên men , the beans turn brown chuyển sang màu nâu .

Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun phơi dưới nắng to dry. They are then put in large
sacks cho vào các bao tải lớn and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a
chocolate factory đưa đến nhà máy sản xuất sô cô la where they are roasted in an oven rang trong lò at
temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.

After being roasted, the beans are crushed nghiền and the outer shell is removed. This part is not
needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed phần bên trong của hạt được
ép and liquid chocolate is produced.

Dạng MAP

The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket(S) is planned for the town. The
map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.
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Opening statementThe map shows two potential locations vị trí tiềm năng (S1 and S2) for a new
supermarket in a town called Garlsdon một thị trấn có tên Garlsdon .

Overall statementThe main difference Sự khác biệt chính between the two sites địa điểm is that S1
is outside the town bên ngoài thị trấn , whereas S2 is in the town centre. Overall statementThe sites
can also be compared được so sánh in terms of access by road or rail việc sử dụng đường bộ hoặc đường
sắt , and their positions vị trí relative to three smaller towns.

Looking at the information in more detail, S1 is in the countryside ở vùng nông thôn to the north
west of Garlsdon, but it is close to gần the residential area of the town khu dân cư của thị trấn . S2 is
also close to the housing area khu nhà ở , which surrounds bao quanh the town centre.
There are main roads from Hindon, Bransdon and Cransdon to Garlsdon town centre, but this
is a no traffic zone, so there would be no access to S2 by car không có đường đến S2 bằng ô tô . By
contrast, S1 lies nằm on the main road to Hindon, but it would be more difficult to reach khó đi đến
hơn from Bransdon and Cransdon. Both supermarket sites địa điểm siêu thị are close to the railway
that runs through Garlsdon chạy qua Garlsdon from Hindon to Cransdon.

The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.

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Opening statementThe diagrams sơ đồ illustrate minh họa some changes một số thay đổi to a small
island which has been developed for tourism phát triển để phục vụ du lịch .

Overall statementIt is clear that the island has changed considerably thay đổi đáng kể with
the introduction of tourism sự ra đời của ngành du lịch , and six new features can be seen những đặc điểm
mới có thể được nhìn thấy in the second diagram. Overall statementThe main developments Sự phát triển
chính are that the island is accessible có thể đến được and visitors have somewhere to stay du khách có
nơi để ở .

Looking at the maps in more detail, we can see that small huts have been built xây
dựng to accommodate visitors phục vụ du khách đến đảo to the island. The other physical structures co
sở vật chất that have been added thêm vào are a reception building, in the middle of the island, and a
restaurant to the north of the reception. Before these developments, the island was completely
bare hoàn toàn hoang sơ apart from a few trees.

As well as the buildings tòa nhà mentioned above, the new facilities cơ sở vật chất on the
island include a pier, where boats can dock. There is also a short road lối đi ngắn linking nối the
pier with the reception and restaurant, and footpaths lối đi bộ connect nối the huts. Finally, there is
a designated swimming area khu vực bơi lội for tourists off a beach on the western tip of the island.

The diagrams below show the site of a school in 2004 and the plan for changes to the school site
in 2024.
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Opening statementThe two pictures Hai bức tranh compare so sánh the layout of a school khuôn viên
của một ngôi trường as it was in the year 2004 with a proposed site design thiết kế địa điểm được đề
xuất for the year 2024.

Overall statementIt is clear that the main change for 2024 involves bao gồm the addition việc bổ
sung of a new school building. Overall statementThe school will then be able
to accommodate phục vụ, đáp ứng a considerably larger lớn hơn đáng kể number of students sinh viên .

In 2004, there were 600 pupils sinh viên attending the school, and the two school buildings
were separated ngăn cách by a path running from the main entrance to the sports field. By 2024, it
is expected that there will be 1000 pupils, and a third building will have been constructed xây
dựng . Furthermore, the plan is to join nối the two original buildings hai tòa nhà ban đầu together,
creating a shorter path lối đi ngắn hơn that links the buildings only.

As the third building and a second car park will be built xây dựng on the site of the original sports
field, a new, smaller sports field will need to be laid đặt . A new road will also be built from the
main entrance to the second car park. Finally, no changes will be made sẽ không có thay đổi nào được
thực hiện to the main entrance and original car park.

The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.

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Opening statementThe map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and
1994.
Overall statementIt is clear that the village grew đã phát triển as the transport infrastructure cơ sở hạ
tầng giao thông was improved cải thiện . Overall statementFour periods of development giai đoạn phát
triển are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas khu vực đông dân cư is near gần to the
main roads, the railway or the motorway.

From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small area bao quanh một khu vực nhỏ next to bên cạnh one
of the main roads. Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located nằm next to this original
village area. The village grew along ở dọc theo the main road to the south between 1883 and 1922,
and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area băng qua khu vực này from west to
east. Chorleywood station is in this part of the village.

The expansion sự mở rộng of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside tiếp tục về phía
đông và phía tây cùng với the railway line until 1970. At that time, a motorway was built to the east of
the village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development sự phát triển thêm of the village took
place đã diễn ra around motorway intersections giao lộ đường cao tốc with the railway and one of the
main roads.

Opening statementThe first picture shows the layout bố cục of an art gallery phòng trưng bày nghệ thuật ,
and the second shows some proposed changes thay đổi được đề xuất to the gallery space không gian
trưng bày nghệ thuật .

Overall statementIt is clear that significant changes những thay đổi đáng kể will be made thực hiện in
terms of the use of floor space in the gallery. Overall statementThere will be a completely new
entrance and more space for exhibitions.
At present Hiện tại , visitors enter the gallery through doors vào phòng trưng bày qua các cánh
cửa which lead into a lobby. However, the plan is to move the entrance to the Parkinson Court
side of the building, and visitors will walk straight into the exhibition area đi thẳng vào khu triển
lãm . In place of Thay cho the lobby and office areas, which are shown on the existing plan sơ đồ
hiện tại , the new gallery plan sơ đồ phòng trưng bày mới shows an education area and a small storage
area.

The permanent exhibition space Không gian triển lãm cố định in the redeveloped gallery phòng trưng bày
được tái phát triển will be about twice as large as gấp đôi it is now hiện tại because it
will occupy chiếm the area that is now used for temporary exhibitions triển lãm tạm thời . There will
also be a new room for special exhibitions. This room is shown in red on the existing plan and is
not currently [hiện tại part of the gallery.

The civic centre will be planned to change. There are two maps: one is the existing and the other
is the plan for new. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
compare the two maps

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Opening statementThe two maps display biểu thị the differences between the existing and
the future layout cách bố trí trong tương lai of the civic centre. Overall statementIt is obvious
that some locations vị trí of buildings will be changed thay đổi or removed dỡ bỏ and some
buildings will be added thêm vào .

The two car parks are located năm ở at the junction of giao lộ của A Avenue and C Street and the
junction of A Avenue and D Street. A theatre will substitute thay thế for the former cái trước (tức bãi
đỗ xe ở giao lộ A và C) car park, whereas a hotel and a restaurant will substitute for the latter cái sau
 one. The concert hall along the AAvenue and the shopping centre along
(tức bãi đỗ xe ở giao lộ A và D)
the DStreet will be removed. At the junction of B Avenue and C Street, there lies an exhibition
hall có một phòng triển lãm , which will be shifted chuyển to the original location of the library. A
council office standing along the B Avenue will be moved di chuyển to the original location
of the exhibition hall, and an open park and an underground car park will be constructed xây
dựng there instead.

In the light of the two maps, we can find the redevelopment of the civic centre tái phát triển trung tâm
dân cư is a great project and the arrangement sự sắp xếp of the new one is more reasonable.

DẠNG PIE CHART

The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four types of tourist
attraction in Britain in the year 1999.

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Opening statementThe pie chart compares figures for visitors to four categories of tourist
attraction bốn hạng mục thu hút khách du lịch and to five different theme parks năm công viên giải trí khác
nhau in Britain in 1999.

Overall statementIt is clear that theme parks and museums/galleries were the two most
popular hai loại hình thu hút khách du lịch types of tourist attraction in that year. Overall
statementBlackpool Pleasure Beach received by far the highest proportion tỷ lệ cao
nhất of visitors in the theme park sector lĩnh vực công viên giải trí] .
Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that 38% of the surveyed visitors went
to đi đến a theme park, and 37% of them went to a museum or gallery. By contrast, historic
houses and monuments were visited đi đến by only 16% of the sample, while wildlife parks and
zoos were the least popular ít phổ biến nhất of the four types of tourist attraction, with only 9% of
visitors.

In the theme park sector, almost half of the people surveyed (47%) had been to đi đến Blackpool
Pleasure Beach. Alton Towers was the second most popular amusement park công viên giải trí , with
17% of the sample số liệu thống kê , followed by Pleasureland in Southport, with 16%. Finally,
Chessington World of Adventures and Legoland Windsor had each welcomed chào đón/đón
tiếp 10% of the surveyed visitors.

The charts below show the results of a questionnaire that asked visitors to the Parkway Hotel
how they rated the hotel's customer service. The same questionnaire was given to 100 guests in
the years 2005 and 2010.

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Opening statementThe pie charts compare visitors’ responses to a survey phản hồi của khách hàng tham
gia khảo sát about customer service at the Parkway Hotel in 2005 and in 2010.

Overall statementIt is clear that overall customer satisfaction sự hài lòng của khách hàng increased
considerably tăng lên đáng kể from 2005 to 2010. Overall statementWhile most hotel guests khách tới
khách sạn rated đánh giá customer service dịch vụ khách hàng as satisfactory or poor in 2005, a clear
majority described mô tả the hotel’s service dịch vụ khách sạn as good or excellent in 2010.

Looking at the positive responses first, in 2005 only 5% of the hotel’s visitors khách tới khách
sạn rated its customer service as excellent, but this figure số liệu rose tăng lên to 28% in
2010. Furthermore, while only 14% of guests described customer service in the hotel as good in
2005, almost three times ba lần as many people gave this rating đưa ra đánh giá này five years later.

With regard to negative feedback, the proportion of guests tỷ lệ khách who considered cho rằng the
hotel’s customer service to be poor fell giảm xuống from 21% in 2005 to only 12% in
2010. Similarly, the proportion of people who thought customer service was tỷ lệ khách hàng nghĩ rằng
dịch vụ khách sạn.... very poor dropped giảm xuống from 15% to only 4% over the 5-year
period. Finally, a fall sự sụt giảm in the number of ‘satisfactory’ ratings in 2010 reflects the fact
that phản ánh thực tế là more people nhiều người hơn gave positive responses đưa ra phản hồi tích cực to the
survey in that year.

The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego, California and the rest of the world.

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Opening statementThe pie charts give information about the water used for residential, industrial
and agricultural purposes nước được sử dụng cho sinh hoạt dân cư, công nghiệp và nông nghiệp in San Diego
County, California, and the world as a whole trên toàn cầu nói chung .

Overall statementIt is noticeable that more water nhiều nước is consumed by homes tiêu thụ bởi các hộ
gia đình than by industry or agriculture in the two American regions. Overall statementBy
contrast, agriculture accounts for chiếm the vast majority of water used worldwide nước được sử dụng
trên toàn thế giới .

In San Diego County and California State, residential water consumption lượng nước tiêu thụ trong sinh
hoạt dân cư accounts for 60% and 39% of total water usage tổng lượng nước sử dụng . By contrast,
a mere chỉ 8% of the water used globally lượng được được sử dụng trên toàn cầu goes to thuộc
về homes. The opposite trend can be seen Có thể thấy xu hướng ngược lại when we look at water
consumption for agriculture sự tiêu thụ nước cho nông nghiệp . This accounts for a massive 69%
of global water use lượng nước sử dụng toàn cầu , but only 17% and 28% of water usage in San Diego
and California respectively.

Such dramatic differences are not seen when we compare the figures for industrial water
use lượng nước sử dụng trong công nghiệp . The same proportion tỷ lệ tương tự of water (23%) is used by
industry sử dụng trong ngành công nghiệp in San Diego and worldwide, while the figure số liệu for
California is 10% higher cao hơn , at 33%.

The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France
in 1980 and 2000.
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Opening statementThe pie charts compare the amount of electricity produced lượng điện được sản
xuất using five different sources of fuel năm nguồn nhiên liệu khác nhau in two countries ở hai quốc
gia over two separate years hai năm riêng biệt .

Overall statementTotal electricity production increased dramatically tăng lên đáng kể from 1980 to
2000 in both Australia and France. Overall statementWhile the totals for both countries
were similar tương tự , there were big differences in the fuel sources used.

Coal was used to produce than được sử dụng để sản xuất 50 of the total 100 units of electricity in
Australia in 1980, rising tăng lên to 130 out of 170 units in 2000. By contrast, nuclear power
became the most important quan trọng nhất fuel source in France in 2000, producing almost 75% of
the country’s electricity.

Australia depended on phụ thuộc vào hydro power for just under 25% of its electricity in both
years, but the amount of electricity produced using this type of power fell from 5 to only 2 units
in France. Oil, on the other hand, remained vẫn là a relatively important fuel source in
France, but its use declined giảm xuống in Australia. Both countries relied on natural gas for
electricity production significantly more nhiều hơn đáng kể in 1980 than in 2000.

Opening statementThe pie charts compare the expenditure of a school chi tiêu của một trường học in
the UK in three different years ba năm khác nhau over a 20-year period khoảng thời gian 20 năm .

Overall statementIt is clear that teachers’ salaries made up chiếm the largest lớn nhất proportion of
the school’s spending chi tiêu của trường học in all three years (1981, 1991 and 2001). Overall
statementBy contrast, insurance was the smallest ít nhất cost in each year.

In 1981, 40% of the school’s budget ngân sách của nhà trường went on dùng cho teachers’
salaries. This figure Số liệu rose tăng lên to 50% in 1991, but fell again lại giảm xuống by 5% in
2001. The proportion tỷ lệ of spending on other workers’ wages tiền lương fell steadily giảm
đều over the 20-year period, from 28% of the budget in 1981 to only 15% in 2001.

Expenditure on insurance stood at ở mức only 2% of the total in 1981, but reached đạt mức 8% in
2001. Finally, the percentages for resources and furniture/equipment tỷ lệ chi tiêu cho các nguồn tài
nguyên và đồ đạc/thiết bị fluctuated dao động . The figure for resources was highest cao nhất in 1991, at
20%, and the proportion of spending on furniture and equipment tỷ lệ chi tiêu cho đồ nội thất và thiết
bị reached its peak đạt mức cao nhất in 2001, at 23%.
The pie charts below show how dangerous waste products are dealt with in three countries.

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Opening statementThe charts compare Korea, Sweden and the UK in terms of the methods các
biện pháp used được sử dụng in each country to dispose of xử lý harmful waste chất thải có hại .

Overall statementIt is clear that in both the UK and Sweden, the majority of phần lớn dangerous
waste products chất thải nguy hiểm are buried underground chôn dưới đất . Overall statementBy
contrast, most hầu hết hazardous materials vật liệu nguy hiểm in the Republic of Korea are recycled.

Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that 82% of the UK’s dangerous waste chất
thải nguy hiểm is put into landfill sites đưa vào các bãi chôn lấp . This disposal technique kỹ thuật xử lý is
used for 55% of the harmful waste in Sweden and only 22% of similar tương tự waste in
Korea. The latter country quốc gia recycles 69% of hazardous materials, which is far more nhiều
hơn than the other two nations các quốc gia .

While 25% of Sweden's dangerous waste is recycled, the UK does not recycle at all. Instead,
it dumps waste at sea đổ chất thải ra biển or treats it chemically xử lý bằng hóa chất . These two methods
are not employed sử dụng in Korea or Sweden, which favour ủng hộ (phương pháp) incineration for
9% and 20% of dangerous waste respectively.