Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2023 - Hydraulics 2
TOTAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Liquid Below the Body:
A. PLANE SURFACE
Force: Location:
At
I
P hA e
Ay
P = total hydrostatic pressure on plane area “A” subjected to
liquid (kN)
e = distance of the center of pressure “cp” below the center
of gravity “cg” along the body (m)
Force Components: Locations:
h = distance of the cg below the liquid surface “l.s.”, on the
vertical (m) I
y = distance of the cg below the l.s. along the body (m) Ph hA → e (same as plane surface)
Ay
I = moment of inertia of A with respect to its centroidal axis
Pv Vol → at the c.g. of volume or
(m4) centroid of At
Pv At L
1. A circular gate 1.5 m. in diameter is inclined at an angle
of 45°. Fresh water stands on one side of the gate to a
height of 10 m. above the center of the gate.
a. Evaluate the total force on the gate.
b. Locate the point of action of the total force from
the bottom on the plane of the gate.
c. If the gate is hinged at the top, evaluate the force
normal to the gate at the bottom that will require
to open it in kN.
2. A tank containing water is shown. Calculate the total
resultant force acting on side ABCD of the container and
the location of the center of pressure.
3. The gate AB shown in Figure is hinged at A and kept
closed by a force P at B. Determine the nearest value to
B. CURVED SURFACE the:
a. Total force exerted by oil on the gate.
b. Location of this total force from A.
Force: P Ph 2 Pv 2
c. Determine the force of oil on the gate if the
pressure at the oil surface is -18 kPa.
P = total hydrostatic pressure on a curved surface (kN).
Ph = horizontal component; total hydrostatic pressure on
plane area “A” which is the projection of the curved one
on the vertical.
Pv = vertical component; weight of liquid whose volume is
traced by moving the curve vertically “upward” until
the liquid surface or its extension.
Liquid Above the Body:
4. The 5-m wide sluice gate “ab” shown, tangent to the
vertical wall at “a”, holds back water. The surface of the
At
gate in contact with the water can be taken as part of a
cylinder with radius 4 m.
a. Determine the horizontal force acting on the
curve.
b. Determine the total force on the curve.
c. Determine the location of the vertical force from
pt. “a”.
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Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2023 - Hydraulics 2
7. Isosceles triangle gate AB is hinged at A and weighs 1500
N. What horizontal force P is required at point B for
equilibrium?
(Ans. 18 kN)
5. The tank shown in Figure is 3 m wide into the paper.
Neglect atmospheric pressure. Unit weight of water is
9.79 kN/m3. Determine the nearest value to the:
a. vertical component of the total hydrostatic force
on the quarter-circle panel AB, in kN. (Ans.
1164.1)
b. resultant hydrostatic force acting on the quarter- 8. A vertical plane area having the shape shown is
circle panel AB, in kN. (Ans. 1505.4) immersed in an oil bath (specific weight = 8.75 kN/m3).
c. angle that the resultant hydrostatic force make Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on
with the horizontal, in degrees. (Ans. 50.6) one side of the area as a result of the oil.
(Ans. 373.3 kN)
9. An open tank has a vertical partition and on one side
contains gasoline with a density ρ = 700 kg/m3 at a depth
of 4 m as shown. A rectangular gate that is 4 m high and
2 m wide and hinged at one end is located in the partition.
Water is slowly added to the empty side of the tank. At
what depth h, will the gate start to open?
(Ans. 3.55 m)
6. Gate AB in the figure is semicircular, hinged at B, and
held by horizontal force P at A.
a. Determine the hydrostatic force acting on the
gate. (Ans. 932.9 kN)
b. Determine the location of the hydrostatic force
from point A. (Ans. 1.82 m)
c. What force P is required for equilibrium? (Ans.
366.8 kN)
10. A 3-m diameter open cylindrical
tank contains water and has a
hemispherical bottom as shown.
Determine the magnitude, line of
action, and direction of the force
of the water on the curved
bottom.
(Ans. 485.4 kN; The force is
directed vertically downward
and due to symmetry, it acts on
the hemisphere along the vertical
axis of the cylinder)
Manila, Baguio, Cebu FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
(02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194 (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2023 - Hydraulics 2
The point in the immersed body through which the The magnitude of total pressure and center of pressure
resultant pressure of the liquid may be taken to act is is independent on the shape of the submerged plane
known as surface.
(a) meta center a) True
(b) center of pressure b) False
(c) center of buoyancy
What is the variation of total pressure with depth for
(d) center of gravity
any submerged surface if we neglect variation in the
density?
Which of the following is the correct relation between a) Linear
centroid (cg) and the center of pressure (cp) of a plane b) Parabolic
submerged in a liquid? c) Curvilinear
(a) cg is always below cp d) Logarithmic
(b) cp is always below cg
(c) cg is either at cp or below it
(d) cp is either at cg or below it
The total pressure force on a plane area is equal to the
area multiplied by the intensity of pressure at the
centroid, if
(a) the area is horizontal
(b) the area is vertical
(c) the area is inclined
(d) all of the above
Choose the wrong statement
(a) The horizontal component of the hydro-static force on
any surface is equal to the
normal force on the vertical projection of the surface
(b) The horizontal component acts through the center of
pressure for the vertical
projection
(c) The vertical component of the hydrostatic force on
any surface is equal to the weight
of the volume of the liquid above the area
(d) The vertical component passes through the center of
pressure of the volume
Center of pressure on an inclined plane is
(a) at the centroid
(b) above the centroid
(c) below the centroid
(d) at metacenter
Can center of pressure for a vertical plane submerged
surface be ever be above center of gravity
a) Yes
b) No
c) It can be above in cases where the surface height is
very large
d) None of the mentioned
In a vertically submerged plane surface, pressure at
every point remains same
a) True
b) False
For an inclined plate the pressure intensity at every
point differs.
a) True
b) False
Manila, Baguio, Cebu FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
(02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194 (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998