Structural Masonry

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 Masonry
Masonry is the traditional
construction system that
consists of erecting walls and
facings, for various purposes,
by manually placing the
elements or materials that
compose them (called
masonry):
• Bricks.
• Prefabricated cement blocks.
• Stones, cut into regular
shapes or not.
To join the pieces, a

ex
mortar or mortar of cement and sand is
generally used with the addition of a suitable
amount of water.
 Advances History Masonry
• PREHISTORY. • Use of mortar
Man decided to clay, which allowed not only
pile stones to to stack, but to
form a place to accommodate or settle
hide. more easily, and at a higher
height, the natural irregular
stones.

EGYPT AND GREECE

• In Egypt, rock brought from the mountains along
the Nile could be chosen and preferred for great
works. Limestone, sandstone, granite, basalt and
alabaster were exploited in state quarries; There,
the blocks were detached by drilling holes into
which metal wedges were then inserted.

• Greece adopted luxurious, outdoor

architecture and, although it lacked the rich
Egyptian quarries, it had the best marbles to
 carry it out. They served to cover its thick
limestone masonry laid with lime mortars.

ROME
Cases used stone from their limestone deposits and
clay brick masonry. They contributed a new
constructive rationality and the invention of
cement mortar and concrete to this technology.
The new rationality consisted mainly in the
development of different systems for the
construction of walls, which were more economical
and easier to erect, particularly using the new lime
mortar.
 Beginnings Structural Masonry
• Brunel, the famous British engineer, proposed in 1813
the reinforcement of a
chimney under construction
with masonry reinforced with
wrought iron bars. However,
it was with the construction
of the tunnel under the
Thames, in 1825, that this
material was applied for the
first time.
• In 1889, French engineer Paul Cottancin
patented a method for reinforcing and
constructing masonry
buildings.
• In 1920, several
reinforced masonry works
were built in India.
• Japan and the United
States promoted the
investigation.
• Between the years 1889 - 1891, the
Monadnock building was built in Chicago
(Illinois, USA), in which its designer used the
most modern engineering criteria achieved up
to that time, which included the application of
horizontal forces and the determination, with
criteria empirically, the thickness of the
masonry walls as a function of height.
Structural masonry
Masonry is the union of
clay or concrete blocks or
bricks with a mortar to
form monolithic wall-type
systems, which can resist
actions produced by
gravity loads or earthquake
or wind actions (Horizontal
loads).
 Normativity
NSR-10 - Title D - Structural Masonry

TITLE D
STRUCTURAL MASONRY

INDEX
CHAPTER D.1 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................ D-1
D.1.1 - SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................................... D-1
D.1.1.1 -SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................
D.1.1.2- SPECIAL STRUCTURES..................................................................................................................................... D-1
D.1.1.3- PURPOSE............................................................................................................................................................ D1
D 1 1 4 - COMPLEMENT................................................................................................................................................... D-1
D.1.1.5- MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................................. D1
D 1 1 6 - DESIGN PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................................................... D-1
D.1 2 - PLANS AND MEMORIES ...................................................................................................................................................... D1
D.1.2.1 -STRUCTURAL PLANS ........................................................................................................................................
D.1.2.2- MEMORIES.......................................................................................................................................................... D1
D.1.3-TECHNICAL SUPERVISION.................................................................................................................................................... D-1
D.1.3.1 - OBLIGATORY OF TECHNICAL SUPERVISION ............................................................................................... D-2
D.1.3.2-SCOPE OF SUPERVISION ................................................................................................................................. D-2
D.1.3.3- RECORD OF SUPERVISION WORK ................................................................................................................. D-2
D.1.4 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURES IN STRUCTURAL MASONRY .............................................................
D-2
D.1.4.1 - RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL LOADS IN TWO ORTHOGONAL DIRECTIONS IN PLANT
D.[Link] - Difference in rigidity between the two main directions in plan ......................................................... D-2
D.1.4.2 - MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO CARRY OUT THE ANALYSIS ........................................................................... D-2
D.1.4.3- HORIZONTAL FLOOR DIAPHRAGM.................................................................................................................. D-2
D-2
D-2
D-2
 Type of labor.
• Civil Engineer or Architect.
(When the project warrants it).
• Construction Technicians.
• Masonry officers.
• Experienced helpers.
 Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
• It takes into account the horizontal forces caused
by winds and the dynamic forces produced by
earthquakes.
• It is duly regulated by the NSR-10.
• They support and transmit vertical loads and
horizontal forces.
• Little or no tendency to crack
• Adequately solves the problem of non-structural
elements (dividing walls).
• Depending on the needs, it can be more
economical than traditional methods.
• It combines masonry as an aesthetic factor and a
structural element that guarantees the stability
of the construction.
• The speed of execution, the harmony of the
assembly of the different elements, the finishing
of the surfaces or faces of the walls, entails the
elimination of plaster or plaster, reduction in the
use of forms or formwork, make structural
masonry a more Fast and economical than
traditional ones.
• Due to their consistency and resistance,
structural masonry blocks have less waste
than any of the other elements used for
conventional lifting, constituting another
economic and advantageous factor in
construction projects.
• Generation of employment, great demand for
the method.
Disadvantages
• The elements are
 immovable, that is, it is not permitted for a
wall to be removed once construction is
completed to join two interior spaces.
• Walls cannot be modified to place installation
pipes.
• The system requires personnel previously
instructed and prepared in the lifting of
structural blocks.
• Its combination with other flexible structural
systems is not convenient because the
combined behavior under earthquakes
requires high-cost precautions.
• Requires permanent Technical Supervision.

Bibliography.
• Masonry structures, H. Gallegos O. Ramirez de
Alba.
• [Link]/wiki/Masonry
• Colombian Earthquake Resistant Standard
2010.
• [Link]/casas/[Link]