First Aid Techniques for Emergencies
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsFirst Aid Techniques for Emergencies
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsLCDA.
ANGGIE PARRALES
WHAT ARE THE FIRST
AID?
TECHNIQUES AND
PROCEDURES
NO
IMMEDIAT LIMITED TEMPORARY PROFESSIONA
E L
Yes
WHAT A VICTIM PERSON RECEIVES FROM A
ACCIDENT OR SUDDEN ILLNESS
REMEMBER:
• When an accident of any type occurs and a person is injured,
immediate attention must be given before being transferred to a health
center.
• To apply first aid correctly, it is necessary to know first care
techniques. But also, it is very important to know what should be done
and what should not be done at all times.
• Remember that this first care, given in a timely and efficient manner,
can save the lives of many people.
How to toast first
aid?
O Acquiring knowledge to:
• know how to act and, above all, be very clear how
NO need to act
• Call the emergency telephone number (911) so that you can receive
medical assistance quickly.
• Avoid more injuries than those already caused and prevent them from
getting worse.
• Avoid carrying out inappropriate transport based on the injured
person's injuries.
In any accident we must
ACTIVATE THE SYSTEM
EMERGENCY.
PAS
Before acting, we must be sure that both the
The P in PROTECT: injured party and ourselves are out of all
danger.
Always notify the emergency services, we
must inform indicating the type of accident,
The A of the location, the number of people injured
NOTICE: and their severity.
Once we have PROTECTED and
The S of RELIEF: WARNED, we will proceed to act on the
injured party, carrying out the recognition
of their vital signs.
BASIC RULES OF THE
FIRST AID
• Act quickly and stay calm.
• Call the doctor immediately, or send someone to call an ambulance.
• Loosen the victim's clothing to facilitate breathing and circulation.
• Check pulse.
• Once breathing is taken care of, observe if there are any bleeding or bone fractures and
treat them.
• Do not move the person without finding out their condition; it is preferable to call and
wait for an ambulance, because it can complicate the injuries the person already has or
cause new ones. An injured person can only be moved if he or she is in danger where
he or she is.
O It is important, at all times, to reassure the injured party, giving
them security and confidence.
O Avoid unnecessary running and shouting: this causes panic, both
in the injured person and in the people around him, and will
hinder the assistance you want to provide.
O Do not allow a lot of onlookers to surround the injured person, as
they take away their breath, increase their nervousness and also
make it more difficult to provide quick care.
O It is necessary to have a first aid kit.
FIRST KIT
AID
ASOL
ETLC
Y000
COTTON
HYDROFILD
WHAT IS A WOUND
It is any loss of continuity in the skin secondary to trauma.
The most common symptoms
are:
• Pain
• visible bleeding
• Separation of the edges of
the skin
In traffic accidents we can find
injuries
superficial and deep.
HEMORRHAGES
It is very important to know how to act when faced with a wound that
bleeds a lot, otherwise the affected person will lose a lot of blood and
in a matter of minutes they can lose consciousness and go into
cardiorespiratory arrest.
Depending on the type of glass
blood
Arterial Venous Capillary
Intermittent output. Continuous Output. blood outflow in
Bright red blood. Dark red blood, small quantity.
Depending on the final destination of the
blood:
Externalized hemorrhages:
When the bleeding is internal
but it comes out through one of the body's
natural orifices.
• Internal Hemorrhages: When the blood ends
up in a cavity of the body, so, in these cases, it
is not seen.
• External Hemorrhages: When they are
accompanied by a wound in the skin, so the
blood is directly visible.
Consequences of blood loss
hypovolemic shock
• Alteration of consciousness: dizziness,
confusion.
• Anxious or nervous state.
• Rapid and weak pulse.
• Rapid and shallow breathing.
• Pale skin
• Cold sweating, usually in the hands, feet,
face and chest.
ACTION AGAINST HEMORRHAGES
AWARENESS
ASSESSMENT BREATHING
PRIMARY PULSE
SECONDARY EVALUATION
HEAD
NECK
CHEST
ABDOMEN
EXTREMITIES
• Take gauze, a clean cloth or t-shirt, place it on the wound
and press hard .
• Never remove this dressing since clots form on it that
clog the wound and if we remove it we reopen it.
1. Compression • If it gets too soaked, continue putting more dressings on
direct top and press harder. If it is a very large wound, you can
fill it with gauze and then apply pressure.
• Press for at least ten minutes with both hands . If the
bleeding is controlled you can stop applying pressure and
apply a compression bandage.
HEMORRHAGE
EXTERNAL
Apply aTourniquets
[Link] compression bandage
are effective in stoppingto prevent
severe the
bleeding in the
extremities by completely cutting off blood flow.
dressing
t from falling off and thus maintain
pressure
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A"1■■-
E, /tgee Hold the dressing with a pressure bandage
FRACTURES
It is the loss of continuity of a bone as a result of forces, blows or
tractions whose intensities exceed the elasticity of the bone.
ACTION IN FACE OF FRACTURES
ASSESSMENT AWARENESS
PRIMARY BREATHING
PULSE
SECONDARY EVALUATION
HEAD
NECK
CHEST
ABDOMEN
EXTREMITIES
What to do about fractures?
Or Immobilization
If the bone or joint does not move we will achieve:
1. Prevent possible injuries to muscles, nerves and
blood vessels.
2. Prevent it from changing from closed to open
3. Reduce pain.
4. Avoid shock.
IMMOBILIZATION
ARTIFICIAL
RESPIRATION
Artificial respiration is defined as the
procedures to follow in rescue breathing, in
which an attempt is made to make air flow in
and out of a person's lungs when their
breathing is inadequate or has ceased. On the
other hand, rescue breathing represents the
artificial method used to provide air to the
victim who is breathing hard or not breathing.
For example, the method can be mouth to
mouth, mouth to nose, among others.
TYPES OF BREATHING
ARTIFICIAL
MOUTH BREATHING
NOSE
MOUTH BREATHING
MOUTH
REVIVAL
CARDIOPULMONAR
Y BASIC CPR
30 COMPRESSIONS
With our arms straight, in the
vertical of the thorax, we let the
weight of our body fall,
It is an emergency procedure depressing the victim's chest
between 5-6 cm 100-120 times
to save lives that is used when per minute.
the person has stopped
breathing or the heart has 2 BREATHS
stopped beating, that is, we Open the airway.
find the person unconscious
Pinch the victim's nose.
Seal your mouth with the rescuer's
lips.
and without vital signs. Blow in air gently for approximately
1 second. Check that the chest
rises. Perform the maneuver 2
times.
CPR 30:2
Until you have
of an AED and have it placed on the patient
The characteristics for effective CPR:
O Start compressions within 10 seconds of identifying
cardiac arrest.
O Compress hard and fast: perform compressions with a
minimum frequency of 100 compressions per minute
and a depth of at least 5 cm for adults.
O Allow full chest expansion after each compression.
O Perform effective ventilations to make the chest rise.
Avoid excessive ventilation.