b

L
u
I

EJ,
F=.
CHAPTER.3
F=
Section 3.1

t.

) X:1 if a randornl,i, selected book is non-fic X - Ootheru,iic -

X:1 if a randornlv seleCted exccutive is a ft dX:0o-lhelrvise
if a [Link] sclected driver has a t i,.,s,rran." and X - 0 olhertvise

3. I\4 :
the diffcrence beliveen lhc srnaliei-oirtcoirre rvith-pouible values 0. l, 2. 3, --
4, or 5, \V: I ilthe surn of the t nunrbers is evetr and \V = 0 otheru'ise- a
Bernoulli t-audotn vat'iable.

:
4. 1n tr.v perr-rsal oI a zip . I founel no 00000, nor did I find any zip codes rvith four
zeros, a fact u'hich . possible X values are 2,3,4,5 (and rlot 0 or 1)' X
[Link]:^
: 5 for the outcotrre 4 for the outconte 4407 4. arrd X = 3 lor 943?2.

f-

No. l1 thc expdmqlerrJ.,{an which a coir.r is tossed repeatedly until a H l'esults, let Y:
I if the
#
:,:::::: . -€*"
[Link] tqr*ffi r,,,ith at utost 5-tosses and Y :
0 otherwise. l'he sanlple space is
-infinite, Vm YWs only trvo possible values.
d%,_ -*o
#
6.
t
%
-
i
RAARL RRRRL AARRL

5-
-r
tt

i
-
rtt5\t

I %

A
7-
LE{
t
 Ghapter 3: -Discrete Randonr Variab-les and Probability Distributions ,
-

a. Possible values ale - Q l;2, ...r 12; discrete' . -

b'withN_4onthclist'values-areo,|,2,.N:discri'rc.d4a**
)fui{. "r-
- -' '''!'%
9" ,.
- €.- Possible'values 5re-1 -2.3,4,... ; discrete fu #"',tf
-':'! ,-"i
G
E

J
d. { x: 0< x <-cc ] if i"e assrime that a rattlehrake can be arffiaril11 shoft ol long; not
.da
discrete
ff'w+
' 4. %a

e. With c = arnount carned per book sold, possible Ya#eJg.# 0 10,000c;

ttl*
. discrete i ;..;4i.,
- "2b..-4 -+
L { y:0< 1,< l4} since 0 is the snrallest posst]2lFffi"eXd
"{'w".
l4 is [Link] largest possiblc plI. not
.4icnrptn

:.:....:.:. ,\
g. With m and IVI denotin-q the minimur4,,Efdi-r:ti\irnum possiblc tepsion, respectively,
. I x: rrr . x -- NI i - qqi dls( tetc \-
+6 1;" ""'t:
h. - Possiblevalues are 3.6.9. l2^ 15,"--.Q-*-';
\?r'Fe n
i.e.3(l),3(2),1f3),3(4), givingafirst

8. \-= 3 : SSS; Y= 5: F-Ir,SSS, SFSSS;

Y-:6: SSFSSS, SFFSSS. ]TFFSSS;
Y : 7: SSFFS. SFSFSS . FSSFSSS. FSFFSSS,FFSFSSS, FFFFSSS

a. - -Retulni to&can occur orrly-a[tsl air even nurnbcrofiosses; possib le S va]ues are2,4.6.
S,
tw
...(i.e.9ffi4,2(3).2(4)....) an infi,ite sequence, so x is discrete.

b. "W
Noiffietnfo to 0 ispossible after any nuurbel ol'tosses greater than 1, so possible values
aref 3fu!.. .(l +1.-l+2. l+3. 11 4..... aninfinitesequence)and X is discrete

10. ^w
w@
a*"*-k: total nuurber-of punrps irr use at both stations. Possible values: A.1,2,3,4,5,6, 1,
*J*T& ro

%,ffi
"w x .4, 3,.2, -t, 0, 1.2.3,4,s.6_
tr"Wc. U:0, 1,2,3,4,5,6

rl. Z:0,1,2

i--
> i

>-=
{
=
 !

Chaptgr 3: Discrete Ran{om Yariables-anA l1olalilrtl Distilutiolq

SeFtion 3.2

11.
- -a.
6

a--
=J

tr.-
E

Eg
b.
r_t 5
E
hr-r U.,i
E:,
F
r,t.j

-.
E_ -, t_t.l
E
Fril l-l I
E*
E
lr[r

-.
=
p

-
-

-
T

p
-
'q=t 618

r
'a=, 6):
I P(x > '15
.q=
ffi
t
12'
4tu
gw "Yr" -ltr ordcr fol the flight to acconrr -nodateall the ticketed passengers who show up, nq lnole
{, t}.
t
-, %-# thart 50 carr show up We rleed )/ - 50'
- P(y : 50): '95 + .10 + ]2+ 14 + '25 + '17 = '83

-t
i b. Usingtl-re inlormation in a. above,P(y> 50): I - P(y= 50):1- '83= 17

: up' I',(y:
14 c.. -Eor you to get ofl the flight. at lllost 49 of the ticketed passengels lnu-st sho\Y '

!- {'
tL-
4g)=.g5t.10+ .12+.14+.25: 66 Forthe3'dpersohontl-restandbylist,atmost4?
ot'rt.,",i.t .t.a rr'.',"n*t" thott'up P(v :44)- 65 + i0 + '12 - 21
A "tt'tt
-=t l!

A
 .t

l3-
- P(x < 3)= p(0) + p(!) + p(2)_+p(3) - .1 0+.1 5+.20+.25 .7.A"'
=

c. P(3 < x) = p(3) + p(a) + p(5) + p(6) : .ss

:
t\
:

:
!

- h- P(Y<3)=P(1)+Pr(2)+ - !

- i

55 - !

:-*l:No t\
-50 -i
:

.:
t-\
:
i
15. :

#w
'r.
. ( r,2)*{3)
&
(
*%,. ry4)
( 1,s) (2.3) (2,4) (2,s) (3.4) (3,5) (4,s)

-
/iflA

*: >
:

b. p(0) - Pf{ (3.4) (3,5)

Pt'i (3,4) (3 s)(4's); = lo
(4'5)ll| = '3
W*
{WW=
,%...-.w.
ffirgrl=p(2) : Pl t ( 1,2)
.-, _. ^,.r I j
j1 -
I
*-L =
1 :

:
Fru_:lx= l)=p(l) 1 [p(0)+p(2)] = 60, " [Link](x): 0ifx+ 0, 1,2 {-
z ww
:

d* ft F(oi= P(x < o) - P(x

l)-P(x- ooil)=
- o) = 30 .

W*ff F(l)=P(xs
<2):
9o i

F(2) = P(X 1

i
The c.d.f. is

0 x<0 - !
:
.30 0<x'<1 .:=*
F(x)= t
l<x<2
.90
r-
:

a z. .-.
I I
=
 Variables and [Link]
- Cirapter-i: Discrete R*ao,"

x
=.2401
0

F I

2
:.41

:2646
16

- 0756
3

=.0081
4

E\t *. -
'*ta;.!vj
;?.,
f:
6rf
=
F b.
?; '{tt
-t;..u.n;i!

.*,f
i

=*'.
=v
.40

Fri-
=
=J
-.30
ru eI
6E 20

-C 10

-t
E
.
#
!a<)
F
\+a
fP
\EI
F
\q!) ffi%,
#a
11 H.
tqr W.
Ve

p(2): p(y - z) = p(ru2 barlilii .,[Link])

/, p(3): P(Y : 3) = P(U4A or AUA) : (-tx'q)' + l ty e;' = 211 t11O;21: 'tOz

:ha b,
:
i 'c. The fifth battel'y nrust be au'A. atrd one [Link] fir'st [Link] also
P(AUUUA or UAUUAIoT UUAUA or UUUAA)--+11 i;31.1;'l=.00324
be al.r A' Thus, p(5)

-r
t\-l=t p(y : y) o(r1,r1,,,\li,,_ ji;i :-,:,,., :,.
o1 the v - r )
9, . t i't.j;,!: 'rsi
F
I N
.l

*J
Chapter 3;
-Discrete
Random [Link] Probability Distributions '
{

J
il
18.
a.
JJ
p(3): P(M : 3 ) : P[(1,3)br (2.,3) or (3,1 ) or (3,2) or

J
b.
' 01brm< rI
J
JJ
'' ln
0 nt'< f
I
_15

J_

J
.16
tll::t{,-i-
d
F(rn)- _9_-
.16
3.- n'.L K +",
m,J" '!:,',,....-'t
u

J
]6 +<ni<f
"l=;r
nr 5,r*< d < 6
l(.
I

JJ
JJ
1.0
09
08
a7
0.6

B
J
JJ
xb- @w

19.
**h the type O+ individual ( lype O positive blood) and B. C, D, the other 3

JJ
ffi-trBonote
fu@"uts. Tlten p(l) P(Y - l)- P(A fir'.st) -1- :.s

trffi:P(Y=2):p(8,
C,.orDllrsrandAnext): + +: f = .25
Wfot-P(Y:3)=P(Alasr)- ] i j= I=.25
So p(3):1- (.25+.25+.25) = .25

20. P(0) : P(Y :0) = P(both [Link] Wed.): (.JX.3) : .09 -J

.P(1)=P(Y-t)1|(w,!.h)or(Th,W)or(Th,Th)]
(.3)( a) + ( 4X 3) + ( 4X.4): .4a
'P(2) P(y: 2): P[(W,F)or(1-h.F)o1(F.W) or'([Link]) oL (F.F)] :
-J
=
*d
.32
P(3) - 1 [.09+ .4G- 32)- .19
 = -

-'
)
Lrt 1 The
tlt. jurnps
lu,,tPr in E(x) o"tu,lut x = 0, 1, 2,3, 4.5, and 6, so rve first calculale F(- ) at'each of these
.- values: -- - -- '- -

'i
I
I

-4-..x<5
[-
Lr
[Link]
I
4M
{%*3
[.r 5<.r<br"@#
[Link]

c. P(2sx#hed e:7ri
d. ,,[Link].ffir2- .re: -(i

23. %**#
v*
*,rffi;sible X values are those .,,alues at u,hich F(x) jumps, atrd the pLobability of alry
,% pfficulal
-m* value is the size of the junrp at that rralue. Thus rve have:
pafficulat'value
%ffi 'l r -6
{w"*w
4* ..
x r
I 4 ti
,%* itr
W I

p(x)

P(3 < X < 6) : F(6)- F(3-) : .60 - .30 : .30

P(4 <X): I - P(X<4)- I - F(4-): 1 - 40:.60

24. P(0) = P(Y : 0) = P(B firs1) : P

h{ P(l) = P(Y - 1) : P(G first, then B) : P(CB)-'- (1 - p)p
P(2):P(Y=2):P(CGB): (l p)2P
Continuing. p(y): P(Y::") - P(y C's and then a I3): (1 - t,)'t, 1br -v: 0,1.2,3.
/
*{

<
d
. Chapter 3: Discrete Random Variables-and Probability Distributions __{

,<
L. Possi
ossible X values i

P(3) = i'{x:3): Plthr'ee yisrtiand then return

In general p(x) : (iJ (;J r"r r = 1, 2, -a, .

.
Bqrd
;"_- ; *,
l
'fhe lurnber of straight line segnrents is Y: , *.. *
il b.- 1 + [Link]"f;{helast segrnent traversed
- , .'r?
,j_, / , 1r .r=.i),-_
-4#
;ri*f
^\
relunrsAlrietoO).soas in [Link]= (:l (,J r.*-;+ 2.1.. .

- l,,,j,,",n
't'
*
:l,:.r:,.:i
c, lrn"cil-1-
Possible Z '/ ,,.1,*"
^*- n
values are 0, 11 , 2,
f 1,2, . . a.;i;+*.
'ti.t.,. "':"u"

- ,,iOt -l p{[Link],'.t ancl tlren }roirrc) , tf tll : t,

plli: P(exactly one visit to a fernalej"'aPjferrale 1'1. then horne)+ P(F. N.{. home) +
P(l\{, F, horne) + P(l\4. F. \1,-horneJ ,'-;
- * (+X+J(+!*GX:X, )(+)
(+X+)-, (+X+X:)

.G)(r *i)(+)* (+X+)(i"qT) = (+)(+Xl. (tXl(;)(i)

rvlrere the first telrn cc,fl't-spolrds to initially [Link] a female anii thc sccondtenn
coiresponds to initiaJly,ta,i6j*ifig a nrale. Sirrilar ly,

e(2) = (r)e)' (
l'(l(*) rn generar,

(iXi -'(:Xl)= (i+)(;)" '

)* (iX+)"
I
or,t = 3
fot'z-- 1,2,3,

[Link] sa consists of all possible penxutations of thefournurrrbers l;2,3,4:

y value outcome y value outcome y value

I ',*P
1234 4 2314 I 3412 o
ffi* 1243
1324
2 2341
2413
0
0
3421
4132
0
1

1-742 ;
I
2431 I -4123 0
"d
J
g arc 1423 3124 1 42t3 I
qe. # 1432 2 3142 0 4231 2
2134 2 3214 2 4312 0
2143' 0 3241 I 4321 0

ll Tlrus p(0): P(Y: - 2,p(1)-P(Y: l)= *,0!r):P(Y=4=

O) *, "'
il "p(3): P(Y - 3):0, p(3) - P(Y = 3)-
*

H
 a

Chaptei 3: Discrete Random V ariables dnd Problbility Distributions

: (0x.0s) + (l)(.i5) * [Link]* :2 0!t

=
=€
=:.
P6): r .+ (4 2.06)2( 05)
=
=:{
=- 'I- (l

= .339488+ 1 233572+ 133I80 -, .9364

=
-= c. o, v.9i6-i = .()6lJ
=

-= d. \(x)_ :sr800-4.2436-.9364
=:{
=
#--
-
rF
-..*€
t ' '_p(1): (oX 60) + (loo{ 25)

F
-:{
;

F
\ArI :
"[Link] .8602
""=
lF E(\J1 o": .60 I .8602 = (-.2602, 1.46}4or ( 0, 1)'
\.E I P(Y:0)+P(Y-r)-.85
f
H
fLlllt
{
}-
\\
I
\€
S-
a

DiScrete Random Variables and Pr obabil ity Distributrons

t\-€
i
31.
E(X):(13.5X.2)+(rs.9X.5)+ (r9.1X.3):16.38, :
- I
E (x-') : (13.s)2(.2) + (rs.9)2(.s) + ( 19.r l2(.t) = zt z'.zgg, \:\= =

.vixt'-tiz2e6-(rois;':iggti
- ffi
**ru *-T
I
=

# &al'
b.- E (25X- [Link]-=2sE(X)- 8.5 : (2sxr-6.38)- 8.s:401 *v u3 I
'/;"'"2 #
ef'\:i =

c. v(25X -'8.s) - V(2iXl : (Zs;'r1r]:625)(3.ee3 Q = 2ae.S,1 %

- I
=

- I
=* I

\= =

- !
e'--C
I
:

+J 3'-E
-1-'. F(x)- ). p(x)= f . but il is a u,ell-knou,n result li'onr thc thcori'o1' !

_-
i
infinite selics that , so E(X) is finite.

- i

34.
44te_ &
Let h(X) denglc &agSt revenue (sales revenuc'- order cost) as a function of X. Then h3(X)
e--
and-ha(X)a tffirerenue for' 3 and 4 copies purcl-r-ased, [Link]. For x : I or 2 ,
>
I

h:(X):2fu3, futatx:3.4,5,6 the revenueplateaus. Irollorvingsinrilarreasoning. h+(X):

2x- 4 but plateaus at 4 for x = 4,5,6. -l

t:=
;==
-,(x) -l I J J J 3

-t' 0 1 4 4 4 F=
I ) 3 3_ 3 2
p(x) t5 I5 t5 t5 l5 l5
==q l

Elhr(x)]: Il, @). p{x):(-1X*)*.,+(3X* )=2.4667 + -d

- ,:l !

6
:=.!q

..
SjDrirarly.E[h](Xn=
Iftr(.r) p(.r)=f zX*)+ .+(4X*)=
;
. 2.666] -

a\={
Orderirig 4 copies gii,es .slightly higher levenue.'on'the aveiage.
!
\-=
 I

Disoete Random Variables and

ss.

- _x' 0 i,000-

L
5,000

.II(x) 0 500 4,s00

Elh(x) I
: 600
s70_0

r
E-r .

': ,l\-,1
36. E(\r:I' :l-r-'\ir
ht r "rn) r

t-,
I+{-
t-
I \l"|J
.,:k
e

E-r E,* 1..._' "

T
37. -.E{h(X)t- yX't = i irk),;flit - +f.L : I
.r
E
+'
expect to rvin
cxpect u'in urore
Ef
\ /, -t i]t+,!:
'-'
ii yS-ri
rnore if
6?'-
yq.u''94#tle
r= i.e)
+0s *r,.,.,,
3'5
.236 so vou

Wz
E. .B
-
:,:: -- 38. E(x)= i, ,%U;trr
-r€
3. E(xr)=6i.sov1X):o.t - (z:tr= st-
I U
.r=r W*ryw
e*'-.

laa *fu%
#w
f Eft&loi weighs 5 lhs, so u'eight left = 100 5x'
.-aa tr*Uus ihe e^p".ted u'eight lelt is 100 - -s E(X) : 88.5,
*Wuffi the variance of tlre ri'eight lclt is
t h Yltoo- 5X) = Y1-51): 25v(x) :
=@b
20.2s.

AE4,
@v
t K
%ff
&.ffi
_,!
-.
'n"ff"k ,[Link].f of Xleilectedabout
, %M zero, but both have the satne degree of splead about their respective rlleans. suggesting
\(-x) = v0K)

a' b. V(aX + b) = v(-i) = u2v(x)

-.iI with a: -l,b= 0,
%

a
H
F
€
€
 S-
I

ti
--

-Chaptbr 3: Discre1e Random Variables and Pfobab;ljryDistributions

.i
.-.\
_!

**\
i:
wiih a : I ar.r<l b = c, E(X- c):I(aX + b)= aE(X)+ b : E(k)1.r,' Wh., c-pt. E(X-p)
!
42.
- E(X) - p : F - u.O,so the expected <leviation from tndTFai,Yd"[Link]. \-:
D' 1 ,- 4v',
.-!

43.
L-'-
-!

_
:

L\
6

b. \...-
= ),.r . p(.r)
!-t [i.,' pr
L;5" 'rl
- St: =2.-17.o = 1.54
-
' r-0 '.w..
:
_l

rhus p - 2o - -.44, 5 72.

#p+"y"
so P(lx-pl >2o)=P6@t$"ust 2 s.d.'s
.%pfffffieithers frorn p) -
P(X- 6) - 04
.4-l or> 5.121--
Chebyshev's boun@f .025 is much too conservative. For K : 3.4,5. and I0. P(lx-;tl >
-
Y\

*\

{-===

*,p(+l),= +,;riOr =-4

-=
F
a-r

r-H
,t

g-\d
F
 t

,t 5.

b(6;r 0.7) :s@aw;10, 7): 200

ry
=-;L
C
d. P( 2<x <4)=.ryT- B(1;10,3): 7oi
E_-
e. P(2<x) =WWl): I - B(l;10-.3)- 851
p
-!-t r %
P(Y#.)q(r:r0,7)
-Hs@r
- oooo

F
*:g r <x < 5):8(5;10'3) -B(2-;r0''3):'s70

# ;ffi'%):P(3
46. ifryryBh{2s, os)
s da#*Btx < 2) : B(2;25,.0s) : .873

- %fl
: {w. h.* p(t>5): l-p(x<4):1--Bi4;25,.0s):.t - "993:.007
G w .#

q!, c. P( I sXs4):P(X<4)- P(X<0)= 993 -.217:.'716

t a

-q, d. - P(x: 0): P(x <0): .211

%
i -:- e. E(X) = np = (25)(.0s) - l.2s
--!) V(X) = np(l - p) = (2s)(.0s)(.95) :1.1875 :
- o, - 1.0897
t
--
t
 N
*l
rl
J
J
- '

i
:
47. X-Bin(6,.10)
(n\:
''lip)"(l
./o\ +.3543'
a. piX; r): I - p)"' - L l( l) (.9)' h

{.*'tu|#"*
b. P(x>2);r--lr$:())+P(x:1)1. ',,. .,.r!"\, ..,i
(6', %

Frorna, u,e knol P(X: l) =,3s43. ancl P(X = 0)-I ='53l4

^ lt+ti{-t"p)t'
\(fl rd'
llence P(X > 2): | - 1.3543 + .53141 -
..1143 l^:j|_,,$
;'
c. Erther 4 cl1. ,i gobiets must be seiet-teri "'"''.1
(+' =
i) Selecr 4 [Link]:
l!.1=o, l)n( 9)* :.6561
1t n
",
l,
"
ii) Selcct 4 goblct:-, one of rvhrch fr{e.p.t e"nd the 51r' is trcpd:
l fz ,t,
L i( l<
-..... I
li+; r)'('9)' e = '2fi44:

ltl., J,--,,
So the desired probabilitg*i*66&,51 * .:rtz44=' !11354 !
48. Ler S=(.ornesroaeorrrpleta$lglfu*p l-<
tu n .'0
,-
I

a. P(X < 6): B(6"?0.2,eW

#;%
- !
b. P(x: 6) :u(0.1tr!ffi$.20,.2s) - 8(5:20..25) = .786 - .511 =- 16e \-

*F :
w-

l. .r1x> r,j,"r,llyr5)=
r-8(5;20.25r - i or; - :sj
%:'v:;4p :
d. E(Xt.7(:eff'.25) = 5. We expect 5 of tlie rrert 20 ro slop
-tu'9
I "ft?^
t\j
@'ru :
Let S
d
fuffil least orte citation. 'Ihen p : .4. n - 1.5
t
%,e# !
a&t least I0 ha\,e no citations (Failure), then aI nrost 5 have bad at least one (Success):
m&@ P(x<5):B(5;r5,.ao): ao3 \ :
!
.
hjry
p
P(X s 7): B\1;1.s,.40): .787 Y
# !
c. P(s<X< l0):P(X<10)-P(X<4):.e91 - .211 = .114
'- i

t-==-
i
a\
i
a\"E
t
\-l :
 Chapter'3 : Discrete Random Variables and -Probability Distrio'utions

- 50. x -Bin1lo,.60)
- ,..;u : .633
l'-
...,, - a.' P(X.2 6): 1 -.?(x<s): 1- E(s;20,.60):1 - 367

h. Ir(x):1r:(10X6):6; YG):np(1 -p)=(10)(6)(4):14; W-u

o,.: i.55 ,.rr'. *d
- E(}0 t o,: (4.45.'l SSY: ' ,g1 -":
- We desire P(-s <x <,7):ftx < ?) - P(Xs4):.833 t
.9_1;.;j'tAg-'-
I ",
&"=,
c. P( 3 < X <7)=P(X<7)- P(X < 2):.833 -.012: .82).:,;W'
q' €'"'*t "
.E
..
51. - Let repre-cent a tclepi:one that is [Link] for sgruite rU..hile unde-r'*,arranty and tlust b-e
-q
replaced. liren p=P(S)= P(replaced [Link])?Shnitted):( 40X.20)-.08. Thus X.
_ the number arnong the comparry's 10 phones th'$,qif$fbe leplaced, has-a binornial

distriburio, *,jth n - I0 p 0s so p(r) ,q:p} 03)'[Link])' - .1478

ii;,
."J
l'i],
.
'+
n
't4
%
.:,a:
;ir
+l:

X - Bin (25, .02)

;r,::r.. 1\\
a. P(X: I ,1 - 251.02.11 e$1'r i -**.. 1

b. P(x-r):1 P(x-O)- = t - .6A3: .391

+ 39i)

d. i = 25,(._02)W = ",f npq = 1/25(,02)(.9S; = 1

x + 2o =.5+1.4:1..9 So p(g:X= I.9= p(X:l): 705

*+r .s(4
= 3.03 liours
#
E3
F 53.- 4
EI *.T f
en fl(flashlight works) = P(both batterjes work): P(B)P(B) = (.9X.9) = .81 We rnust
F ttfiiethat thi baneries' volt'ige levels are independent.
E= Bin (10, .81). P(X=9) = P(X:9) + P(X=10)
; :
EI .285 +.122 = .447
1,
E"
f
L-.?
fL-
fL-.f,
 Ql
SrI
- Chaptei:: Discrete Random Va'rjables and Probability Distrbution$ =
I
ff
- 3+. Let p denote the dctual proportion of defectives in the batch, and X denote the nuinber of .
I
defectives in the-sarnplc.
r-
JJ
' :-

b.
P(accept) .930

t#N*,
a *'
:l'%r,^*
rn-5

- *s '
r..
Y-.6?8
E 3

iu
.

j
'i
J
A!-'tln ,"..- ':it:!
x
+".

J
J
,--l

J
}{

I
epted) = P(x s'1) = B( I ;10,p)

05 J I
@;*,
batch is accepted) 2): 8(2;15,p)
-J
J
e P(X <
=

e.
P(accept) .964

We rvant a phrr:for u,hich P(accept) is high fot'p < .l and lorv for p >
The plan in d seer-ns most satisfactory in these respects.
J I
Y'-'€
%. fl
i-
I
i>=e
\_= I
 !

#- vl

= Chapter 3: DiscreteRandom Variables and Probability Distributions

=-
=
55.
=:.{
=
E P(rejecting clairn whenp -.8) i B(i 5;25,.8)= .011'

="-{
--
-
sqb. P(not [Link] claim rvhen p: .7) :'P(X ) I6 rvhen p: 1)
E'
: 1 - B(1 5;25,.7)= i -.189 :.81 l; forp=.6,thisprobabili
=+r
=_
=-1 - B(1 5;25,.6)= 1 ' .515= .425.'

c. The probabilrry of rejecting the claim u'hen p = .8 .006, snialler

--
=.\{ than in a above. Horvever. the probabilities of b and.586,
=
:::-_ respectively.
=+.-
.=:e 56. hrrr= I -X I I r5(2.s X)=6i.5 1.5X. so
::
-l
-r
: 62.s - I .5np - 62.5 * (1.5X25X.6) =
=
=il
=J
- 57. If tcpic A is chosen, r+hen n = 2, P{at I rved)
=:{
::
-l , -P(x > 1): I - P(x=0): I -(.1)r -.ee
. IIB is chosen. u,hen n = 4, P(at least l,pl

-= for B, so nou, A should be chosen.

=
.-
58.
-?
.
a. np(1-p):0ifei
X) or if p: I (whhce
in

-,
t =
*l,u6*Dbu,u,-
dD
QD
I ..
"'1 F
P
-
p) + pi
"qn:'#
"%,
p 5, u,hich is easily
/ /S?e*- w
-=
t t..H
S?#*- "q
to tnaxitnum value of v(X)-
a

ffiora a:M

F
-
L.--

fL--_ -
ffi \n- x)
\-ri
t :
%mlt&natively, P(x S's when P(S) I - p) = P(n-x F's when P(F) = p), since the two
\= - tr F .r.,,t. are identical), but thE labels S and F ale arbitrary so can be interchanged (if P(S)
k-W# and P(F) ale also interchan-qed), yielding P(n-x S's ivhen P(S) = I - p) as desired.
f5---.=q
b. B(x;n,l :P(atmostxS'swhenP(S)= t -p;
-p)
= P(at least n-x F's when P(F) = p)
F : P(at least n-x S's when P(S) : p)
-? : m::i;
s's wl':en r(S)
=
P)
f
L--3 i- ;;rt :

c. Whenever p > .5. (l - p) < .5 so prcibabiUties involving,X can be [Link] the

f results'a aird bincombjnation rvith tablesgivingpr'obabilities [Link]< 5

-?
f
 *-t'

Proof of E(X) = np:

_==.-
3- nt J- (!t'
'-l(1- p)"-'

fiii y ) ) ",tr,.,

Theexpressioninbr'acesisthesuuroverall-ryotffie3alu-esy=0,-1 ,2-,- ,n-I ofabinomial-

p.m.f. based on n-1 trials. so equals 1, t.ur2:1$. np, as desired.
+*r.r:
6L ', ''"-
a. Although there arc threcpayrnffi@ifioas;w.q greonly concerned+vith S I uses a r-lebiL
caldandF=doesrrotrsea$@a?d. T1lrr,,eiinuicthebinbmial <listribution. Son
= 100 aircl p : .5 E(X) : $.-lOOiSl : -i0,'and 1111; =.15.
"p
A*'r#*Y : .7,8(X):rlp:
b. \\:ith S: docsn'r pay ptfuqffi= 100 and p 100(.7) = 70, and V(X)
!r?
,',,i. .f'
:

.rY
- 1\
62. - **W-r'*
- Ler X-= the nurubel rl,ith. r'eservatiols rvho-s-hor.l,,a binornial r'.v.-with n : 6 and p
-
a.
= .3.-
iredfrrgb;fii1ity is
The ricsircdsjrrgb;tbility
P(x = 5 cffirestS;0,
o€Fk#'t5;r,..8)8) + b(6;6, 8)= 3e32 + .2621: .6s53
b(6;6,.8)=
-gq

b. fettffiT*tfte
W tfte nunrbel of available spaces. 'l'hen
1'[Link]

t-H

h(*) 'b(x;6,.8) : 4( 000) + 3( 002): 2(.01s + 3(.082): .211

u-.
..or 6 reselvations and none show, so
a

ts.
I

r-
 \

EJ
E-
I
E
.,L^^+^- ?. T);-^-^+-Da;,zlnm \/,r,ialrlpc anrl [Link] f)rcffirtlhnnq
-- Lhapt-er-J: UrSCrete Kandom Vauables AnA vrooa9ulry UlStrmu_ruIIS

63.
-
Whenp : :
10 ando= 2.236,so2o 4-412and 3o= 6 708.
.5, U :
1'he inequality lX 191 > 4.412 ii satisfied if [Link] X s 5 oi X >-l 5. or P(lX --pll>2o)
- =.P(X
( 5 or-X > 1:): .A21 + .021: .A42.
Eftn**..
e44''ru
In the case p: .l5, p = 15 and o: 1.937, so 2q:3.814 and 3o : 5d] t11].-#(4+d- Il5l> 3.874)
:
P(X < 1l orX > l9)= .Ml + .A24=.065. rvhereas P(lX-- l5l> 5.31:.11= |.ft s Sl): .004. All..
these probabilities are considerably less tharr lhe upper bound8 -%fi(fork:2))qnd.1l (fork:
3) given by Chebyshev.
"'4
iu"%
f
.$ft

,*
'-i'
,
tn
..r1

Secti on 3.s "i$]i'*

i::,:::;.- .r,+p

*'"'"t'-'"tt'*
64. €*i=
a. X - Hypcrgeotletric N=15- n=5. ,\'l-('=:'a'r':1'':
I
J'

/ 6 );'9
Ii2lllll' **;,
" /,-
b. p(X-2): .'
\
'= R40-*:
"'"r!"'.1i_80

IL5l
lls) 300L ft
e"?"%M
.{1,*w
\ " '/ ***{-
P(x=2 ) : P(x:O) + B.+XF l )"+++(x'=2)
re)
I I
rI 6)re\61
iln | ry

\-./I 1 \ t#:W'* B4o 840 tiz2

t,
_ ls /\ /s , -.- 126
=.--,
+ 756 +
:513
-=-^T,:-T

-
( ts) s)' 3oo3 3oo3
| -"qe", f
1l 3oo3
',5W*^Y."\)
.-
I - I %,; I

-\ " ru*ww" /
8 W
p(x&l ? pu=t)= |
126+i56 '/46
:#
"'::-' '%, " I-
-[P(x=o) r- P(x{.rl=
?00?
= .]06

.857 ;

{
 q=\

65. X-'h(x; 6,12.'7)

b. P(X-4) I - P(r=s,- , lr(,\-)] f r(/\ 'oJJ - ,*": .^_

h'
, [fr)(s)
|.il 1 [z)
i-l - #-"t'
T ,*'
qu
"vk

--

t_ ,5lllJ,
u, 105+7 -e.-,'
--l-'"-q24 -[Link]-.879
I
[
i'''i
,.6 ] "
''J
i-
t, r,
)
#ru,
'' lnn
..,
.\-
#Bq*&"-l
@%,.^,.:n

/6.7'j
c. I;1-\.1= L- -1<
'v12 t
I
o-
,
S: Jns -- .Be2
P(X>35+.392 ): P(X'>- 4.'lo .lf (seepaltb) _-k-

tl. \\/e can appi'[Link] the lic_dislribution rvith the binorrial if tlte population
size and the nurrber of are large: h(x;15.40,400) approaches b(x:15,.10). So
P(X-5) - B(5; I -s. .1 0 fte binomial tables : .99E
t_=

66. t-
( ror( zo\
lll-l
liol[ s .] : .2070
(so)

sx@
[, tJ
b. ffiptgl-' n(10;15.i0.s0) + n(l l;15,30.50) + .. + l(15;15.30.50) -L

%.** *# : 2oi0+.r i76+.0438+.0101+.0013+.0001 -- .3199

ffi
&
ffi l0 from
P(;1 least
P(at fronr the sarne class) = P(at least Il 0 fi-orn second [answer lrom
secoird class lauswer bl) +
from b]) .--
"at
fuffiut least l0 fl'ou-r fir-st class). But "at least 1 0 frorr 1'' class" is the saue as lnost 5
tr ffi lrorn the secontl" or P(X s 5)' "-t

P(X < 5)= h(0;15,30,50) + h(l:)5,30.50) + ... + h(5;15,30,50)

,3
= 697+.00 204 5+.000227+.000 1 50+.00000 I + 000000
1 1

= .01412
So tlre desired probability = P(x 2 l0) + P(X < 5) '*
: .3199 + .01412: .39402 .

" , r\rl
-1

\<l
'J

.--)
 \

E
E(X)=zz. : -15..-=9
M30 =9 .--
\
\,(Xj - t'l1)rrfr'r -
l\49 '',
I) l=:= 2.5114
I

2.51l4
-
- . :i..
u*{ \
,', 50,) I i'a.,*;'a
'Y.
o" : 1.6036
s@^
&' "',
-4

I15 - E(X) : 1,s

ts'e--6
-9
e. Ler Y:- X. rtren E(Yj-
15 r= r_5-E(X)-
.-
%'1.,
6
so oy :-l
/;;.
vp1:v(15 - x)- v(x):2.s: .5?14. soo.,
2.5llq, --.1.6036
.603
6'L*qry 4
' a :t *-4
j:: -
67. .il
- r;.F' '".-
less tlran 5-of the granite, there
a. Possible values of X are 5,6,'
5,'t ,8.g- lO.
,6,1,8.9. (Iri*,gft ffihave
I 0. ifri-,gr
ba sal[ic;*
thc basalti'.d)
i 0 of the
0' ,''
rnr I0
*,[Link] to be rnore-than
,'ro1[r0'
,'ro1[r
i1
,
I1.4 .r-"j"j
- 1.4
: h(5. i-5.10,20) = \\' 7/\ l' .l^,:nOf
, *r;\ J\ il ttrv7
P(X =,5) ''.':i0l(* O:
i?fl)
11n\
t'Y"l-
lL*)r"
t--3t* ...'
rT ffir*"
,.lcs{4" 4
::"+ '&.
.. t
V
Follorving the saurc patternfo ot,,.,' r'a i ues. rve arrive tlic llrrf, in table form
i4# -at
belou,. #ot"tr,aiue:
''i'..i*tth
,.:::;tfu -

x [Link] 5 ' 6:'*

.,l --
7-^- "-
8 9/t\ 10-
p(x.1 I 0l6i 3483 3483' .1354 .0163

]lr!@

%=i c. E{\kry4
ItrM"
t -w"-'
a,[Link]%
gAfu
: x -#B N
_v# -
p- WT e#7.5 + .9934: (6.5066, 8.4934), so we want
*W= 7) + P(x : 8): .3483 + .3483 - .6966
a- gtu
@'%,.

.:= [Link]
^&
ru
a W-d ru. h(x;6,4,11)
(q\
f b. 6
q?
- ["J:218
a

I
-
>....=
Ir
L-..
 -=
.--

!
I

- -'Discrete-R-andom
lnd Probability Distributions
--
Chapter 3: Yariables

69.

I
:

=.033
!

n1
E(x)- r'n=, n.
!

v(x) - !
:

*n \-n ( ) i n '' n fl)

rt
{
n 1)2 \ 2n) '2tt-l )'.2, :

:
-tiitt*
't 0. # ''
'4. -ff *
h(x:10.15,50) .%# # I
=

,{
=

soh(x; lM*(x;I0,.3) !
L-
rH
.-: =

:
,ts
g:

!
,-€
i
r\,
t
2
t
i-.==
+

'\E I
 \

Discrete Random Variables-

'7 7.
.
;t. -With S : a {-erlale chilil- arrd F a rnale child, let ;1-= the-number of F.'s before the 2id S.
=
Ihen-P(X = x): nb(r;2, .5)

: t,:liii'ii;llil],,
! p(exactlv 4 child': en)
,r5) = rss
c. Piat rnost 4 childrcn; =.P(X < 2)
2

- -\-,/ .nb(x;2,'5) = .2s+2( 2s)( s) + 3(

r=0

: E(x)+ 2:4 {"t**,

i*e 't

,- t':'l
q., t
'1) 'flre only possible values of X are 3.4*and1.!.*"-
p(3) - P(X 3) 'P(first -l ale A's'otfi,>fu3 t'i-eC's) -7(-5)r= 250
p(4) : P(t*o an'ron-e the I 'r tlr,.-. ,reffiffilhe-4th is a B) +'p111v6 alrong the l'tsihree are
r r,ffi!%w
:
G's [Link] the 4th is a C) 2'11WAS= 315'
F&''*-
p(5) -,
p(s) Il p(l) pr4):
p{3r-- p(a) : .31.,!p
315 wWw
{.;tffiv
:€_e
l.,i .*9
*4'*{
73.
t
l-his is identical to awo*peitnent in rvhich a sirgle lamily has children until exactly 6 ferrales
have been bonr( sinc-e p 16.5 frt eac! -of the- three [Link]| so p(x) : nb(x;6,.5) -qnd- E(X): Q
( : 2'1 212. tire sg,pr ol0re expected nurnber of males boln to each one.)
'
-r
#
*u*.
.,f i
74. The inter of "roll" h-ere is apair of tosses of a singleplayer's die(two tosses by A or
* tu'o by, VIFW, S:-cioubles on aparticularroll, p: t. Furthenrlore, A and B areleally-
- fair), so we can equivalently irnagine A rolline until l0 doubles appear.
h die is
F. = P(9 doubles alnong the firsr x - I lolls and a double on the xth loll =
--:,
tE
.=+=)
ts
E?
F-
H) +
t
--t
fL-+
t
 \

-
Variables and Probability Disributions ,-

-
75-

7 6._

-
d. E(X):r.: i0. o1 - "l-fr#.8'3,roP(x> 12 83)"P(X> 13)- 1- P(x< 12):1
- .936: .064

77.
-
&*
b. P(x > 2okF-ado;201= 1 sss: Mt
* "%,#
c. P(r0;&x <%ll= F(20;2u- F(9;20): s59 - .005 = 554 -
frtrWx <20): F(1e;20)- F(10;20)= .470 - .011: .459

{"m6t
&w T: j:
d. kfx@,:20, oy = 4 )" = 4.472
.

2o<X<pr+2o) : P(20-8.944<X<2A+8944)
{3* : P(1t.056 <x<28.944) -
&-ry
*'% = P(x<28)- P(x < 1l)
.-
{&-N &" :
F(28;20)-F(12;20)l
W .966-.021= .94s

78.
a. P(X = 1): F(l;2). F(0;2) :.982 - -819=.163 ,:r

b. P(X>2):'1-P(X<.i):-l
c, P(l'r doe sn't.n 2nd doesn't): P(l'r doesn't) "P(2n" doesn't)-
: (.819)(.8i9)=.671 ,}
 -t

=
ChapJer 3:
=
=

==
:79.

>
= 80.
=:__ a. The experiment is binomial rvith n = 10,000 and p:

=-

tribution
-:
=

, t?!- *
:'" *. ;i

8r. s-
!t
a. r.:8 n,hent:'i.'so pfx - ei=*{ffiYF(5;8):.3t: - .tgl :.122. " ''
*::
b. t:90min-t.5 thus the expected nutnbet'of arrivals is I2 and the SD
:? :412=3.464 a

:::! c. t: 2,5 hours in this case, P(X > 20): I F( 19;20) : 530 and P(X S
10) = F(10;20);

82.

:+
G
:
F i: rrx rrl

F
-t
ES
a
so P(X: 10): F(10;8) - F(9;8) =.Cp9.

f b. For a 30 nriuute period, i"t : (4)(.5) = ), so P(X : 0) : F(0,2) = .135

-E=
f

t-
€
F
 sl
*l
:-
' '-Chapi-er 3: Disc'rete Randorn Variables-aird Probabiljry Disuibutrons

'-
8'1: Let X :-the nirrlber of diodes on a boald tharfail' ' '

A. E(X) : np : (200)(.01) = 2, V(X) : npq = (200X'01)L99) : 1.98,6xL '407 '

,r,:+.+ ?
b. X has hpproximately a Poisson distribution rvith i': np:2, u4+,;..,3
**ry+,,rLp=
a*rri.
;*Nt
so P(X> 4) = i-P(x: 3)= 1 - F(3;2)= I -.85?=.143 i

c. P(board-ivorks properly-) = P(all diodes u'or$: P(X =

Let Y : the pumber imong the five boards that
.135. Then P(Y >4)-= P(Y: 4 )-l P(Y: 5)= -

,:s)]( sos) . 1 35):( 865)0

r::[Link]:5andp:

0000.1= 00t43
s
[;), [:)i

85.

a.

b.

c. Solve for t , giverr

1.* L.-a'
q: )'p': u"&vt
X#t{,[Link]
IJ
>l
.I
€

: 1n(.1) = -ut # ****

ia *4ffH+ e-^A' .+ e21' .,* e-'A'

ou'
+
1
L\/\'/
ffi
#
''%t L^=,"' xl ?"- x! 3 .t'l
"?tu
ffi^
^Wru
€:J
=
81. &&_ @
is (80X.25) :
- a@ha one-quarter acre plot, the paratnetcr 20,
ffi so P(Xs l6)=F(16,20)= 221
%ffi
,m'%" : 6,800'000
w
fl
-
Up The expected
c.
nurnber of tlees is i'(area) = 80(85,000)

The area of the circle isru'2:.03 1416 [Link] or 20.106 acres. Thus X has a Poisson
dish'ibution with parameter 20. 1 06

+-*
 {

88.
:....&.p.(I.=l0*a,o,iotution,;=,ti;;lJ1l,|,I.;]3l,-]fi=10)..
: r,'onowltt'izs):'ooo122 *WZ
' {%--w
Y3
h. P(-v arrive and exactly 10 have no violations) 't'
:I,(exactly][Link]|-vauive)nrra,,i,.),'$i,,,d

: P( 10 successes in y trials when p = .,' e

-. .,ro' (10)'f*%
.*-- ".* -i '+,.#'-
- ll[* tr" ,t
=-r

:*1
=

=-
! $4qr,,,,
bb{ - - _to
-ro 15\ t'

=- c. !(exactl-v l0 uithout a violation) =

E
:. -r0)!
=, e-10
-
5l0

l0! I % '-'*
Id fact. g.r.*f irirg ti6*d$tlnsnt shor,,'s thal the nutlrber of "no-violatiotr" art'ival-s
rvithiu-the houL hag#foi&on distribution with paralleter 5, the 5 results froin ip
:
ro( 5) rw"F
@ &
%
89.
a. No eventsthffi,FAr) if and only if no events in (o, t) r,.Io ro events in (t. t 'n t) Thus- P0
rf (ttar)--ftffino events in (t, t+ar)
-qg = po6[t { nt - o(At)]
ar
{%*-
"%
_ -LPn,)#-P.(r)
'q=
;
q=
#
a
ln"l= -7e-)'I -Fo(g-, as desired.
E=
a
t'(22)* kle-^'(Lt)"-t
: ,t I,- I - he-^'(Ls)r
u
q=
d.
a,l kt l kt l.t
/t: l

a _-
r-r{
1

i
1

t I
I
I
r-
I
s
I
 ,3

.-\
SuPPlementary Exercises - "
.:
90. Outcomes-are1t,i,l11t,z,+)(1,2,5)...(5,6,7);[Link]
.theseoutcolnesare6(=1+2+3),J,".K-;[Link]
probability { fnt W values for ihesc outcolnesare 6 (: :-: j .:. -r
f-q
"
Just ene outcorre with W i.a1ue 6, p(6) : P(W : 6)
* . Simrl,f{lV,
= t}1rie are three outcornes -
.r ,1,

withw ,alue 9 [(1,2,6) (1,3,5) and 2,3,4-)),so-p(g) = ; . Qogriarui]g i,r-ttris manner vicids
b+
the following distribution: .--r
'ilM,. .qV'
d,,o'".n.-,"
.ti e:" '%.

\\'16
I

7 I
h -- &1..
15 16 11

rlrvrii - -:. "., * .1 L

_i
jj
I
i-i
J-
'l5 -i-
i.t
-L
li
"'\rr
|' "4.
,::: lS ,-\rr
jc
Since the is sysrrnetr:ic about 1v:if:,Yi
dish ibu'tion issysrrnetr 1 Vi'ft,,i=,)i, and'or
a - [tlr- l2)' p(n')
ttrr,; rr,=6
,.rrr*,...
- ,.\-
=
1 r,.,t
l(hr (l)- (i)-(l) -(5i(l) (6) (l)+.$
--

qI.-'
-'. '
n'%", 'f
-k: E"

a. p(1)--- P(exactl-v ore tuit) :t{;},$pades) +.P(.all heatts) - P(a1l cliamonds)

-
,:! i.1'*
-
# #tttW
/ll\
I
'"%F
r',{,U_ Il5l
I

; a w- , t - I
+ P(all clubs; @pfa!$eiia.'t - 4 = .001 98
:;e '**{ fr(
-*ffi
vhwl, t --

ls) n.,,i:^._
p(2)--
with ai
:6P(a
:6 tM

&-,@- ,[[Link] --+ 44,6t! I _ .ta-,/-

r/<o.)
?A0 = 61.............''......'.....,.....-.. i-
ffi %. L 2,s98.e60 l

qffi
ffw

#%b
&% +. 'lj't,3xr3x r3)
%*#
P@):aPQ sPades,l h' I d, 1 .l:#=.263i5
'
- (s2\
lsl
\-./
p(3)': l.- lp(l ) + p(2) + p(a)l
: s8835
.
\{
rL
il'l'l
b. p- i' p(v,r.-3114. o) _-I I" p(r)l-(''ll4)'='405'0= .636
i-r L; l a->
7-
L.
tr
I- -- .. - Chapteq 3: Discrete Random Varieilk1 and Probability Distributions

92. p1y;
=
i'1V : y) : P(y trials to achieve r S's): P(y-r F's beforc i'h S)

-^u -%
- /'".
e. Requcstscanall bernetif arrdon)yiIX@i0]and 15 X<[Link] ii;sX< [Link])(all
requests rnet) -B(10: l-5..7-5) - B(6: LS.@;:310
,r..rrr.,,, .*

''q #
= -
24.- P( Gv light P(neither iyorks)
= P(at Ie-ast-orie 6r-@uAeryrvorkg)
1
^works)
=1-(l -p)2. P(Dlightuorks);P([Link]):1-P(atrnos( 1 Dbattery
- lot'ks)-1-[(l-p)a+4{l }r)il. Thf6r'shoul<lbetakerril ] (l -prt : I -l(l
4(l - p)'].
p)r + 4(l
- p)" p )rl. -q :- i' +: d
idt:i$i"?'a:::[Link]

. = o..rr-:p' -p< i
'J?
simplifying,
_1(A g%a$:{;(1-p)

LetX - Bin(s, .9) >3):1 P(x < 2): t - n(z;s,.s) : qql

r
::;:;;: 96.
p! P(x>p)Wf:B(4;25.05)-
?. .007
M%
F
t- b. PG#> s)%.1 - 8(4;25..10) .093

--=
l
"ffi
c. W(xed5):1 -9(4;25,.20): .579

would decrease, which is bad if the % defective is large and good if the "/u is srnall.
(-=

(-= a. N : 500, p : .005, so np : 2.5 and b(x; 500, .005) {p(x;- 2-5), a Poisson p.m.f'

(-= b. P(X : s) = p(5; 2.5) - p(a; 2.s) : .9s80 - .8912 = .0668

q, c. P(X>5): I -P(4;2.s)= I - 8912:.1088

{-t
(--
 -------,...'_.r- I

\I=

- t
r*
i
.- . - [Link] 3: Discrete Rairdom-Variables and Pnrbability Distributions
-
=

e8. X- B(x;25, p).

it. nitt; zs;.s) - B_(6.;.25,.5): .986 =
,lijh E
b. - B(18; 25, ,8) - Il(6-: 25, .8): .220
ndr"*
e'ri*:-* e .-F
f

c. girh
'
: P(X < 7).+XX> \U
S ':':$a{
Ll .- 9781
: .022 +
p = .5, P(rejectingihe claim) =
W1
u€ ";- ._r=
- .A27-: .A44 ..;:\ =
- o;s*i
Theclain-r will not t when 8 <X<11. **4*8,,fl =
",.;..,..t
l7) B(17;2-s..rr; l)(?;l-s,S;*UTql: !i:
Withp:.6, P(8 5 X <
\\ ith p .3. P(3 < X < I7): R(17:7.s..3) B(7:25..S); .1Qe000 10q
.Jlli "+;*.i!
,_
?,,,,
=
c. \!e rvant l,([Link] the c1;rrm) - .t)i. Using ttln'd"; io,l ,:lc I - 6 or X )- "re.]e ci r1 I
too fuge.''We should use "t'eject if X : 5 or X )
- lg"give-s thc probabilit), .014, rvhich is:,1iW{U'6bZ= =
=
701 rvtiich yields P(rejectifig tlre claim) .OO+'
_.
' {" -''1'')i;=
=
99.. I-r-t Y denote the luurbcr'-gf tests carried n,"ii-'l,.ot n = 3, possible Y valrles are I and 4. P(Y - r
j+'779an<lP(Y=4)='2?l'sotl(Y)-(1)(?29)+
1)-P(noonehqsthedisease):(9)r t= =
(4)(.211) = I 813, as conrlasted rvitlftffift'.str necessary u'ithout gr oLrp testing.

, '^*
h. j; '=* =
=
1 00- [Link]&;1-ei'{.ei,edasconstitutingatlial.'l'henp:P(9-
P( sl,rlbol is sent corec tly rFis' iini in. ot,'cctl,v-. and subsequently corrected)
: 1 - p i + p l P:
Theblock ofrr syD-rbols q,."*ru6h"midl experirnentrvithntlials u,]O O- 1-pr+ptp: =
=

h
-'v ,*
nffij:@ffiw 1
=
onff8,,^and S on #2) - P'. =
r 01. p(2): P(X: 2): P(S
rF r',
-_-'!,t .^\-2
- ,- =
pt+l - ptS on ++fuq6n "'3 and l;on X2) - t I - p)pl =
p(5) o"ffiffi on
p(5) -. p(S onffi\ 44 and I;
orr #4 on;3
I: on ot.t trials pliol
arrd no 2 consecutive S's orr
#3 and #3)::
prior to #3) I
p(2)l(1 -ffi;eru '-- =
p(6): p(gfu Xnd.S on #5 and F on #4 and no 2 consecutive S's on trials prior to #4) : I
- p(2)ffi}N] : p)p-
[Link]}x : 5, 6, 7, ...: p(x): t 1 -p(2) - . -p(x-3)l(l -p)p-'
in geBe$ffi
ln
,ts =
-"%, ^'M
ro,.p%.91 E
@W- ,-
w -= t
.08r .081 .0154 - .0088 .0023 .0010
._
i
t,,

T
102.
a.- with x - Bin(25, .1),P(2 s X < 6) - B(6;2s,.1 - B(l;2s,.1): eet - 2T:120
'%
#
f
b. I:(X) = nP - 251.t; = 2.5. or = 4 nPq = "{itr = l 5o .--
{ll

i. P(X>7u,henp'- 1)= I B(6;25,1):1-.991 :.009 .-

*
P(Y <6 rvherr n 2) : il(6:25-.2): : 780. u'hich is quite lar?e
 -1

:
:i

- a. - 'lrtevent C-: sdedcarries singlespikel-ets, and-ev-ent P: seedploduces ears rvith-single.

[Link]. Then P( P n C) :
-Let
P(P I C)' P(C) = .29 (.4q":,l 1 6. X.: the number of
seed.s out of the l0se'iected that me'et thecondition P n C.'ftr6*,+#in(10,.116)

b. ' For I sded, the event ofinterest isP:seedproduce r$;1+'.ith single spik e I els.

P(P) : P( P 1 C).+ P(P-oC',): t i 6 1fi'orn a) + P(P I

:.n6+(26X.40)=.212.
:
Let Y the iurnber out of the 10 seeds thal me€.I,e6.l..dtion P
'Ihen Y Bin(l0, .2lt), aid P(Y
- -5) - :
.0161. i*E-Z
pry <
P(Y _5)-5)
:b(A;10,.212)
:b(a:10..212) + ... + bls]0'212):,p{S'}9+
b15.10,.212\:.,Bd]g?9+ ... + .01(
..._+ .91A24
-076119:
'**
ta4. With S - lavoreci acqu;ttal. the populatia,,nti.eii3''ft - 12, the nurnberofpopulation S's isM:
4, the sarnpie siz,e is n = d and the [Link] f.'bf{Gnurrber [Link]'s rvho favor

[Link]-ilre'[Link]*,x;a.a l2). E(X)= 4

(+: t.::
=
[ - J

=
=\+
H=J
I 0s.
a. P(X - 0) -
r5,:
F(0:2) 0 135-*;*.'***r
.@u
= #
n*
"'%u

-, b. [Link]&do$iiceiresnorequests. Thenp:.l35andrvervishP(4S'sin5
LetS-anoleratgffio;*:ceiresnorequests.
= rriars) - b@s. W--
)

lt. t:S)' 1.884;' = .00144

B- %-,4) \/
-
r ri
i- I e,''
-
2' I

[Link](all
=at
#
lr-fl
L ""' _l

%:'
F
E3
f ,-),teR2 = .99 + ,-)otn1-: .0,
qs
s
a
-
: 4

a, 707,_ -'Thcrrumber. sold is ril, 1X, 5); so E[ nrin(x, 5I = Z-mi, ( x,5) p (x;4)

-?
t =(0)p(0;4)+ (1)p.(1;4)+ (2)p(2:4+ (3)p(3;a)+(a)p(4;a)* 5I
:'
p(x;4)
--= - ' r=j
F := .i3s+ 5[i
1"
- p(a,+)i= 3 59
 \{
SJ
Chapter 3: Discrete Raindom variables and P-robabitity Distributions

s{

6-&
% &.s
pe*

b. Pos-sible values of X arc now 10, I l, 12,...( all > 10),Nou'

J
*J
J
r os.
a,
J I

b. 'f hele ale fout'u,a-vs Let D repre-sent tl'iose u'itli

the disease and D' rvithout the disease.

Probabitit-v
---
.D

o"ww..^f
"W 3
>-
*wtu
.*w ',%
,,,,] 1)']
F*. [(l),,,,i [[:)i,,,(
:
F-
:(.321 68)(.01 29) 02389 -
# .arr'o*&
%*,#' I ==-
.*@F
2

M^
&
'Y* 8,.|
& E**
@;. #**
[[;),,,'( [[;),,,,r,,']
:
rr=q

=(.4096X.008 1 ) .00332
w ''%
#a
W3 2. I
=-
8)'] ,,.]
[(;J,,,'( [[;;,','r
:
==
=(.2048X.00O4s) .0000921 6

3 o -_
,,,( B),]T[;),,,,r,,).]
=!-

\.a{
[(:),
\-/
'| -
=( 0512)(.00001) -000000512
\.{
A dd il g gp the probabi l iti es a ssociated rvith the foul coilLiiirations yie lds 0.021 3 .
 =

dru -, r-
-
fffi
\e\.- llZ. {ffi
aw
#-
- '%.

.W -

=
!\i\i if np- (1- p) > x, fl'om which the stated

F clusion follows.

-r*ffi,
€
- W.
pG+l;L):
P(x;L)- (x+
L
1)
>1 irx<i-t,f.o,rrvhichthestatedconctusionfollows. If
F iisanirrteger,then)..1isu,r',o.l.,butp(i'i)=pit-)str)so?'isalsoarnode[p(x;i)]
-
*-: achieves its [Link] for both x : i' - I and x = )"
%

f
>-a
t
 \

rD
Chzipter
-!
3: Discrete Randorn Variables and PiobabilityDistnlutions

10 " l0

1 t3. P(x:i) = I P{u"n on track i r-rX :i)= iP(X =.[Link] t,

r-l t=l

rd l0
: f P tn.*1 sss-k 21 l+il 1 orl-j-l) n, : f,(P,*, b
' i=l '&'
rvhereP;=0ifk<dork> 10. 5il.
-y

( u\(;r, i/ r- er)
t_rtl
,rl'r n-x
- )

5 (; - l)l(.k'f "-, )
t1 4. E{X): +
) ?^ .\ ' '----'-----::-- v
rli
\-tr
tt
I

\n)
-
77
I

v
,)l
)

t t n- |
5
n. '\Y
il L)
/,r r,' r - 1".\/
/v r -{.1

1-'i1
j,r'''
F
,/.J t
p(r r) : aehrdl = P(lx ul> ko), ,o ,l' t rltx - pl> ko): as desired'
1 a &#.-
&*w" &
-%
"ffi
il6. {_ffi
&^-*M d ,.
"- atdL= l23.44,rvhereas
6'" .
o.*M,"%,
ifl+l :';.= J-
l- n:- for [2.6].
' i"= | e--o'dt - 409.82
'L

de*
W ' 0.9907 ^
ffi b.s%i,-- | s-*b'dt =9.9996= l0,sothede'siledprotrabilit-visF(I5, 10): 951.
WWJr
w_g

I
!\ |
_t

=
 \

:=

l. x: 0 [Link]; x: -l for SFP: FSE and FFS; x = 2 fcrr - 23. a. .7A b. .33 d. 53
.E9flJfs, and FS.S; and x = 3 for SSS' = 0, 1,2,3. .
,or 1'
.

3. Z = of the lu o numbcrs. wirh possible values ?t/ , ,rr,

-average 27. a. l?34, l2n, m, ^" . .
312, ...,121?', 11/ = absolute value of the difference, rvith b. p(0) : UNpUWAD4, p(Z) : 6l?4,p(3) = 0,
- possibllvalues0, ),2,3,4,5 da) = tlZSq ry*
5. No, In Example [Link] )': I if at most thrbe batteries ale 2g. a. 6.45 :r#%a*;5{O,1lS c. 3.g6 d. 1:;.6475
' exarnined and )cr f : 0 otherri,ise. fhen l'ltas onl'; tr"r-i =t"Z E
- r,alucs. 3l i-1'

' j .''
7. "' 1, .12), djscrete c. 11 , ?,3,
a. -(10, ,.J, discret.
' g, 1"*/tj' pll - p) c' p
33' a'
[Link],..
" e. , 10,000c}. rvheie cis theroyalty per book:
-{1-c,?c, .. lS..Ah.,lfr],r: $4.93, fli,fitJ = $!,33, so 4 copies is berter
disrrete g. \x. rit = .r =.14 ri,hprc nr {,4y'J is rhe mini- n* l.n r 1)12' E(x) = b t 1')(2tt r 1)/6' I'I'\lt =
murr (maximu,) pcssible rension: conrinuous T--$'!f
:::"'11!ifi
-@
E 1)!12
9. a. \?.4,6,8. is {2(1) 2(2).?13).2(4), l, rn SC. Z.:. Sr,[Link]
,\ , thar
infinite [Link] ,,,. ,l-t
u'--'
b. {2,3,4,s,0, ,} ,rhar js.{1 r 1,t r2,1 +3, 1*,-!.:r}, EIX- c)= E{X-c,L1X -p) -0
- . ), anjnfiniteseguence; djscrete :" '" ' li. a. 5li b. .218 c. ,01I d. .480
il. a. p(4) : aO,p(s) = 15 p(x):}f*|$;nj,:
= as,p(6) -965
e. f-:000 g. -5tr5
6, or 8 c. .5ir, 15 j fS. ,. SSf b. .l 15 c. .9lB
13. a. .70 b. .45 c. 55 , 'o!..'" ,.'"" 51. a. 6.25 b. 2.17 c. .030
ru d..71 e..65 f.45
b' 787 c' 7?4
=-
-- ,, , r,,2), u,3i,],,i, ,, .s).iz,ri,i.^,#iA,a:r, 55. i,j:'
::
- (s, s), (4, s) b. p(0) : .3, p(l) qi% = r478

-- c.,r{.r) = Oforx< 0. = 3 for0 =*5&&**l 57 . .447 , independence

i=. Il=x<Z,antl
= x< Z,antr =lfor2=x
= l for 2 x %, .017 b. .gIt,.425 c. .006,.902,.5g6
# = '-v
%.
A, AU\UA'.
-
5g. a.
uAlJLlA. 01. when p = o ,n" probabit,ry is 39 for,4 arrd 9963 lor [Link]
IJIJAI]A UUIjAA, .OO4O5 % #
thrE-
-
,s p(0) = 0e,pr) = ao,p(2)ryffi=
B e#_^ ^^_
,n ,, il":jH:,::::I]'T,::T.::1,fu"'u',"''"','
21. b. p(x) = 301, 176, I 2jfu097ru79, .067;.058, .051, .046 65. a. 20, 16 b. 70, Zt
rur'-r't'."t
a^-^d'"%
: ru
/ c. flr) =0foLx<#f%*;j01 forIsr<2,= 477for 6i'Pqx-pl=2o)=g42rvhenp=5ancl -065u'lren
. z<x{3,...,:-.W=r.g,= - p=.ls,comparedtotheupperboundof .25 Using*=3
-:-_
- lforx>g
-" inplaceof *:[Link])itiesarc-.002and.-004.
d,602.i0l H.---W"-"
(-"=

q "%M
&tu
(-=

(-,

q
{1
f
 .E

- I
r\C
=
a
=
r-
-69:-a..1i4'- b..879' '97.
c..121 . 'd.-Usethe' a. b(x.,15,-75) . b...686 .

-rr =- 15, p = l0 -
'
--
'it.
binomial distribution with c. .313 d.- 11.25,-2.81 e. .310-
u. h{x; [Link],2o) for-r : 5, . . .to 99. .99r
b. .0325 c. .697 '-'-
: 101. z
'101 n(v'75\
a. ptx:.Z 5\ h.067
b.. .067 --c- 109"-'-
e. .109' L
73. a. h(x;10, 10,20) b.'.033 c. h(x n, n,2n)
7 5. a. nb(x,2, .5) - c.. 688 d. 2,4
77. nb(x;6, .5),6 t-
75. a. fl72 b. .065 c .068 d. .492
107. a. 0029 b. 076i, .9,.I-*& wqo l-.-
b. .441 ' t: t---,
109. a. l.r5 b. 001d,th
*q,"),= oll{r 2r l'
u"
83. Poisson(5) a. .49? b. .133 Ill.3591) io_.'', -
l,l
85. a. .122,.809, .283 b. I2, 3 46,j Nc
"

c. 5:10. .01I
t13. a. ::,,
bi'trt2?:2=;1'
-=

87. a. .099 b. 135 c.2

I15. b. .5p, *
5#i'''t!1*,,ri. ?5(p, --pz)z + .5{sr-+ pJ
d. .6 and ffpfu^1e 5 and 5, respectivel)',
89. a. 4 b. .215 c. At leasr - ln{1)12: 1.151-3
veais rvhere pr:0 ,f i,<0 or

91 . a. Z?.1 b. 6,800,000 c. 7,(.v. 20 106)

s5 b. 3 1il .405. 636 b.3l

':::!!'":'t':t'
j

:. +'_...1*
4-zar,?../f. _
.i\.*t
,:L
d - ,+.-.

_
:

- -l
' t. *
"- #.#

'4# *
.TM
q%*
d
*\

.tr-w%,d _
t4&c

,8e
[[
iltl
a

.>
t\
:

,3=
!

>-*