Digital Communications Exam Paper 2018
Uploaded by
Shiva GlennDigital Communications Exam Paper 2018
Uploaded by
Shiva GlennCode No: 126ZN
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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech III Year II Semester Examinations, December - 2018
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
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(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.
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Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B
consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries
10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.
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PART - A
(25 Marks)
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1.a) List the advantages of digital communication. [2]
b) Explain the bandwidth-S/N tradeoff. [3]
c) Define phase locked loop. [2]
d) Mention various digital modulation techniques. [3]
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e) Define entropy. [2]
f) Write the steps involved in Shannon Fano coding. [3]
g) What are block codes? [2]
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h) Write the capabilities of linear block codes. [3]
i) Define spread spectrum. [2]
j) What is meant by PN sequence? [3]
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PART - B
(50 Marks)
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2.a) Describe Delta modulation with a neat diagram.
b) Define PCM and explain. [6+4]
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3.a) Explain adaptive delta modulation concept in detail.
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b) Explain the concept of companding. [6+4]
4.a) With a neat block diagram describe the ASK modulator.
b) Draw and explain coherent PSK detection process. [5+5]
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5.a) Explain the process of FSK detection using PLL.
b) Draw and explain DPSK technique. [5+5]
6.a) Describe the operating principle of baseband signal receiver.
b) Explain the conditional entropy and redundancy for information. [5+5]
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7.a) Explain with an example about variable length coding method.
b) Explain the pulse shaping concept to achieve optimum transmissions. [5+5]
8.a) Decode a convolution code using state diagram.
b) Explain viterbi algorithm. [5+5]
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OR
9.a) Explain how to calculate syndrome in cyclic codes.
b) Explain the error detection and error correction capabilities of linear block codes. [5+5]
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10.a) With a neat sketch explain the DSSS concept.
b) What is the necessity of synchronization in spread spectrum systems? [5+5]
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11.a) Explain the CDMA technique in detail.
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b) Describe the FHSS concept briefly. [5+5]
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Common questions
Powered by AIEntropy in information theory measures the unpredictability or information content of a message source. It is a fundamental concept for assessing the efficiency of communication systems, as it quantifies the minimum average number of bits required to encode a source output. High entropy indicates more information, requiring more bits for accurate representation and transmission .
The Shannon-Fano coding involves ranking source symbols by probability, dividing them into two groups with nearly equal total probabilities, assigning the upper group a '0' and the lower group a '1', and recursively applying these steps to each group until each symbol is uniquely coded. By exploiting frequency of occurrence, it reduces average code length, achieving data compression .
Digital communication systems offer several advantages over analog systems, including better noise immunity, easier multiplexing, more efficient bandwidth usage, and ease of encryption and compression .
A phase locked loop (PLL) is a feedback control system that synchronizes the phase of an output signal with that of a reference signal. It is crucial in digital communications for applications such as frequency synthesis, demodulation, and clock recovery. PLLs enhance signal stability and reduce phase noise, making them vital for consistent signal processing .
The Viterbi algorithm utilizes dynamic programming to optimally decode convolutional codes by finding the most probable path through a trellis diagram. It efficiently processes received sequences by calculating path metrics for each state, backtracking the maximum likelihood path to decode the transmitted message, essential for error correction in wireless communications .
A PN sequence, or pseudorandom noise sequence, is a deterministic sequence that appears random but is repeatable. It is used in spread spectrum communications for spreading the signal across a wider frequency band, enhancing signal security and resistance to interference and jamming. It provides the necessary orthogonality for techniques like CDMA, ensuring efficient channel separation .
The bandwidth-S/N tradeoff is critical in communication systems as it involves balancing the use of bandwidth against the system's resilience to noise. Designers aim to use the minimum required bandwidth to achieve an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio, ensuring efficient use of resources while maintaining signal integrity .
Digital modulation techniques include Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), and Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), each with its specific applications. ASK is simple but susceptible to noise; PSK is more robust with superior spectral efficiency; FSK is easy to implement and resistant to signal degradation. Choosing a technique depends on factors like bandwidth efficiency, power consumption, and resilience to noise .
Delta modulation encodes the difference between successive samples of the analog signal rather than its absolute amplitude. It uses a single-bit quantizer that records whether the signal has increased or decreased. This method is suitable for transmitting voice data with reduced bandwidth requirements and simple implementation, at the cost of potentially higher quantization noise .
Synchronization is crucial in spread spectrum systems to ensure that the transmitter and receiver are aligned in time and frequency, allowing the correct despreading of the signal. Lack of synchronization leads to signal degradation and reduced system performance, impacting the quality of data transmission, especially in CDMA systems where precise timing ensures minimal interference .