CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design and methodology to guide the writer in

analyzing the data scientifically and systematically. It consists of the type of research, the

sources of the data, the method of collecting data, tools of data collection, the method of

analyzing the data and the research procedure.

3.1 Type of Research

This research conducted by using a descriptive qualitative method. . Qualitative

research is a research which concerns with developing explanations of social phenomena

(Hancock, 1998: 6). Furthermore, according to Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009: 7) in a

qualitative research, a researcher produces a narrative or textual description of the

phenomena under study. Thus, the object of the study is presented more in words rather

than in numbers. Then, in using this method, the researcher will explain the phenomena

that occur in the community by collecting the whole data in detail which in this case are

words, behavior, attitude and so forth. The researcher will try to express and describe the

structure of the novel The Revenant written by Michael Punke and the basic problems of

life around the novel as well as the relationship between human and nature in the novel.

Qualitative content analysis is the technique used in this research. According to

Hancock (1998: 21) qualitative content analysis is a procedure for the categorization of

verbal or behavioral data, for purposes of classification, summarization and tabulation.

Thus, the researcher concluded that it is the most appropriate technique since the data of

this research are represented in the forms of words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs

which require the categorization for the analysis

3.2 Source of Data

The researcher collected the data by doing library research. The writer  be
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consistent wether to use ‘the researcher’ or ‘the writer’ will read the novel The Revenant

by Michael Punke, some books and other materials related to this research. The source of

the data will be classified into two types. They are the primary source of data and the

supporting one, as follows:

A. Sources of primary data

The primary data are the important data of this research. The data are collected

from Michael Punke’s novel entitled The Revenant, it was written in 2015 published by

The Borough Press. The researcher will write the important dialogues, internal

monologues, and narrations related to the issues of reserearch problem in the novel, in

this case the realtion between human and nature potrayed in the novel.

B. Source of supporting data

The supporting data are data that support the research. These data are outside the

object of the research study. The supporting data in this research is in the form of

literature books related to the research conducted by the writer. The data collected from

books, articles, encyclopedias, internet, journals, essays, thesis, and other sources related

to the objective of this research.

3.3 Tools of Data Collection

Tools of data collection are the aspect of collecting data in a research. This aspect

will allow the researcher to analyze the object of research. Therefore, the writer used

some instruments to collect the data, including:

1. Bright colored marker (highlighter); to highlight every important data in the

novel and the other print sources related to the research.

2. Notebook; to write all the brainstormed ideas put by the writer during the process

of collecting the data.

3. Pen and pencil; to write and to express the main idea and the supporting ideas

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 into the small notebook.

4. Colorful sticky notes to mark every important point pages in the novel

5. Laptop; to arrange the presentation, to type, and to save all the important

documents related to the research.

3.4 Method of Collecting Data

The method of collecting data is a technique or method used by the researcher to

collect data. Data collection will be carried out to obtain the information related to the

research in achieving the objectives of the research.

The researcher will use library research method in collecting the various sources

related to the realtionship between human and nature and ecocriticism theory. The

researcher collected the data by reading the novel The Revenant carefully, and also

reading the theses, journals, articles related to the novel.

The researcher used note taking methods to collect all the data related to the

realtion between human and nature in the novel including the words, dialogues, and

sentences. Moreover, the writer will identify the data based on the object of the study.

3.5 Method of Analyzing Data

After the process of collecting data, the writer will analyze it. The analysis of data

in a research project involves summarizing the mass of data collected and presenting the

results in a way that communicates the most important features 53 (Hancock, 1998:20).

In addition, Vanderstoep and Johnson (2009: 199) state that there are five research

methods in analyzing the data: ethnography, phenomenology, case study, textual analysis,

and applied research. The process of analyzing data divided into three steps;

Firstly, reading the novel The Revenant as the object of this research carefully.

Then, collecting several data including the narrations, dialogues, and the monologues in

the novel.

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 Secondly, the writer collects every important data. In this process, all the data

related to the portrait of the realtion between human and nature in the novel written by

Michael Punke, The Revenant will be marked using a highlighter. Then, the effects of

their relationship and the solution if there is bad impact between them will also be

marked. Next, the writer will write all the data in a notebook.

Lastly, the writer will analyze the data using the ecocriticism approach by

Garrard. This approach used to describe the relationship between human and nature and

what is the effects of the realtionship in the novel. Finally, the writer will collect the data

about the problem between human and nature and how to maintain it.

3.6 Research Procedure

The research procedure is an action of scientific exploration which is done by the

researcher carefully, systematically, accurately, and uses the standard rule in the study to

the object to be finished in a good result.

Therefore, a research should be made with a clear systematic procedure. The

procedure will be as follows:

1) Reading the novel carefully to understand the story and the meaning of the story.

2) Determining the basic theory or approach which will be used in analyzing the

problem. In this case, the researcher will use the ecocriticism approach by

Garrard.

3) Collecting data and information related to the topic from books, articles, and the

internet.

4) Analyzing and describing the data by applying basic theory and approach which
has been determined before.