Legal Language, Legal Writing Including Proficiency in Gen.

English
(K-6002)
2017
Section A
Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 4 marks
1. Convert the following into indirect speech

(a) He said to me, "What are you doing?"

Ans: He asked me what I was doing.

(b) Anita said, "I met Subham yesterday".

Ans: Anita said that she met Subham the previous day.

(c) The teacher said, "The earth goes round the sun".
Ans: The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.

(d) He said, "I have passed the examination".

Ans: He said that he had passed the examination.

2. Convert the following into passive voice:

(a) The people will make him a King.
Ans: He will be made a King by the people.

(b) I am writing a letter.

Ans: A letter is being written by me.

(c) I killed a snake.

Ans: A snake was killed by me.

(d) Mr. Ravi teaches French.

Ans: French is taught by Mr. Ravi.

3. Correct the following sentences only in English:

(a) Rajesh is my older brother.
Ans. Rajesh is my elder brother.

(b) Here is a apple for you.

Ans: Here is an apple for you.

(c) I have lost my furnitures.

Ans: I have lost my furniture.

(d) The property was divided between Asha, Prabha and Nidhi.
Ans The property was divided among Asha, Prabha and Nidhi.

4. What do you understand by the following:

(a) SCJ
Ans: Supreme Court Journal. A Weekly law report, giving comprehensive reporting of reportable and non-
reportable cases of the Supreme Court of India.
(b) AC
Ans: Appeal Case

(c) Ibid
Ans: Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning "in the same place", commonly used in an
endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note
or list item.

(d) AIR
Ans: All India Reporter. All India Reporter (AIR) is India's oldest law publisher with comprehensive coverage of all
the High Courts and the Supreme Court of India. The monthly journal covers judgments of the High courts and
bench rulings as well as judgments of the Supreme Court of India.

5. Write a note on the need and importance of Legal Language.

Section B
Note: Attempt any two questions. Each question carries 10 marks

6. Write a letter to the district magistrate complaining about the noise pollution by loudspeaker in your locality.

7. Frame sentences on any five of the following to bring out the meaning:

(i) Amendment
Ans: An amendment was introduced into the legislation.

(ii) Contempt
Ans: Contempt of the court is an offense.

(iii) Cruelty
Ans: Cruelty to animals is punishable under sections 428 and 429 of IPC.

(iv) Execution
Ans: Execution of the court order as directed is imperative.

(v) Hearsay
Ans: In general hearsay evidences are not admissible in a court of law.

(vi) Heir
Ans: My son is the legal heir to all my estates.

(vii) Void
Ans: Void contracts are not enforceable in the court of law.

(viii) Oath
Ans: The incumbent Prime Minister took oath of the office in the presence of dignitaries from different countries.

8. Discuss the use of standard marking in proofreading with illustration.

Section C
Note: Attempt any three questions. Each question carries 20 marks
9. Write any one essay on the following
(a) Human Rights
(b) Judicial Activism
(c) Uniform Civil Code
(d) Lok Adalat and its importance

10. Explain the following maxim in hindi or in English

(a) Audi altarem partem
(b) Res Ipsa Loquitor
(c) Damnum sine injuria
(d) Respondeat superior

Click here for meaning and explanations of the maxims

11. What do you understand by precedent? What is the difference between 'Ratio decidendi' and obiter dicta?
State the circumstances which weaken the binding forces of precedent.

12. Comprehension

13. Discuss Indian practice of citing documents in written work with illustration.

2018

Section A
Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 4 marks

1. Convert the following into passive voice

(a) The King gave him a reward
Ans: He was rewarded by the King.
(b) Amit likes Rama.
Ans: Rama is liked by Amit.
(c) Shyam is teaching Rajesh.
Ans: Rajesh is being taught by Shyam.
(d) Help the poor.
Ans. Let the poor be helped.

2. Convert the following into indirect speech

(a) Savita said, "I am unwell".
Ans: Savita said that she was unwell.
(b) He said, "My master is writing a letter".
Ans: He said that his master was writing a letter.
(c) The teacher said, "The earth goes round the Sun".
Ans: The teacher said the earth goes round the Sun.
(d) He said to me, "I do not believe you".
Ans: He said to me that he did not believe me.

3. Correct the following sentences only in English:

(a) I have a fifty rupees note.
Ans: I have a fifty rupee note.
(b) Asha is a honest girl.
Ans: Asha is an honest girl.
(c) Jaipur is hot than Delhi.
Ans: Jaipur is hotter than Delhi.
(d) The two man hate one another.
Ans: The two man hate each other.

4. What do you understand by the following:

(a) Supra
Ans: Supra is a Latin word which means "above". The word is used in legal citation when a writer desires to refer a
reader to an earlier-cited authority. For example, an author wanting to refer to a source in their third footnote
would cite: See supra note 3.
(b) Ibid
Ans: Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning "in the same place", commonly used in an
endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note
or list item.
(c) A.I.R
Ans: All India Reporter. All India Reporter (AIR) is India's oldest law publisher with comprehensive coverage of all
the High Courts and the Supreme Court of India. The monthly journal covers judgments of the High courts and
bench rulings as well as judgments of the Supreme Court of India.
(d) S.C.C
Ans: Supreme Court Case. Supreme Court Cases (SCC) is the most cited law report by the Supreme Court of India.

5. Write a note on the need and importance of Legal Language.

Section B
Note: Attempt any two questions. Each question carries 10 marks

6. Write a letter to the editor of a news paper on the topic "Increasing threat of terrorism in India".

7. Frame sentences on any five of the following to bring out the meaning:
(i) Arbitrator
Ans: He served as an arbitrator in a series of cases.
(ii) Cruelty
Ans: Cruelty to animals is punishable under sections 428 and 429 of IPC.
(iii) De jure
Ans: He is the De Jure owner of the property.
(iv) Hearsay
Ans: In general hearsay evidences are not admissible in a court of law.
(v) Ex Parte
Ans: The judge passed the decree ex parte as the defendant absented himself in the court in spite of legal notice
served.
(vi) Intention
Ans: Proving the criminal intention is also important in criminal proceedings.
(vii) Immovable
Ans: House property is an example of immovable property.
(viii) Obscene
Ans: The obscene part of the film should be censored.

8. Discuss Indian practice of citing documents in written work with illustration.

Section C
Note: Attempt any three questions. Each question carries 20 marks

9. Write any one essay from the following:

(i) Environment Law
(ii) Public Interest Litigation
(iii) Role of law in empowerment of women
(iv) Globalisation

10. Explain the following maxims either in Hindi or in English

(i) Damnum Sine Injuria
(ii) Ignorantia legis neminem excusat
(iii) Res ipsa loquitur
(iv) Actus reus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea
Click here for meaning and explanations of the maxims

11. Discuss the use of standard marking in proofreading with illustration.

12. Comprehension
13. Discuss the importance of precedent as source of law. What is ratio decidendi? What is the method of writing
case comment?

2019
Section A
Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 4 marks

1. Convert the following into Passive voice

(a) Someone has stolen my books
Ans: My books are stolen.

(b) The stars brighten the sky.

Ans: The sky is brightened by the stars.

(c) MC Mehta filed a PIL in the Supreme Court.

Ans. A PIL was filed by MC Mehta in the Supreme Court.

(d) The judge delivers the judgement.

Ans: The judgement was delivered by the judge.

2. Convert the following into indirect speech:

(a) The mother said, "The sun rises in the east".
Ans: The mother said the sun rises in the east.

(b) The teacher said, "You must do as you are told".

Ans: The teacher advised them strictly to do as they were told.

(c) He said, "Success of democracy depends on freedom of press".

Ans: He said that the success of democracy depends on freedom of press.
(d) He said to me, "Wait until I come".
Ans: He ordered me to wait until he came.

3. Correct the following sentences:

(a) What is the last news?
Ans: What was the last news?

(b) He is my oldest son.

Ans: He is my eldest son.

(c) I have no any friend.

Ans: I do not have any friends.

(d) He works hardly.

Ans: He works hard.

4. Use legal term one word for the following:

(a) An act punishable by law
Ans: Crime

(b) An offense punishable by death penalty.

Ans: Capital offense

(c) Marriage with many husbands.

Ans: Polyandry

(d) An accused tried twice for the same offence

Ans: Double jeopardy

5. Write the full form of the following abbreviation

(a) ILR - Indian Law Reporter
(b) JILI - Journal of International Law Institutes
(c) Cr. LJ - Criminal Law Journal
(d) Vol. - Volume

Section B
Note: Attempt any two questions. Each question carries 10 marks

6. Write a letter to the collector of your district complaining the use of microphone / DJ or loudspeakers during
your examination days.

7. Frame sentences to bring out the meaning of any five of the following:

(a) Hearsay
Ans: Hearsay evidences are admissible in court.

(b) Voidable
Ans: A contract made by misrepresentation of facts is voidable.
(c) Ejectment
Ans: The new owner for the house property is filing for an ejectment order.

(d) Discharge
Ans: He was discharged without notice.

(e) Insane
Ans: Contract made by an insane person is void.

(f) Bona fide

Ans: He is the bona fide owner of the property.

8. What is the method of writing a case-comment? Explain.

Section C
Note: Attempt any three questions. Each question carries 20 marks

9. Write any one essay on the following:

(a) Judicial activism
(b) Right to Information
(c) Uniform Civil Code
(d) Child Labour in India
10. Explain the following maxims in Hindi or in English
(a) Ubi jus ibi remedium
(b) Audi alteram partem
(c) Ignorantia facti excusat
(d) Damnum sine injuria

Click here for solutions to the maxims

11. What are precedent in law? How legal rules are created by precedent? What is the difference between Ratio-
Decidendi and obiter dictum? Discuss

12. What is proof reading? What is the use of marginal marks and their explanations? Describe.

13. Comprehension

2019
Section A
Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 4 marks

1. Write down the one word for the following sentences:

(a) with one voice / a decision or opinion on which all are agreed
Ans: Unanimous

(b) One who is present everywhere

Ans: Omnipresent

(c) One who eats vegetables only

Ans: vegetarian
(d) The reason on which the decision of the case is based
Ans: ratio decidendi

2. What do you understand by the following:

(a) C.A.T
Ans: Central Administrative Tribunal

(b) Cr.L.J
Ans. Criminal Law Journal of India

(c) I.T.J
Ans: Income Tax Journal

(d) N.A.T.O
Ans. National Atlantic Treaty Organisation

3. Write down the opposite of the following words:

(a) able
Ans: Unable

(b) Blessing
Ans: Curse

(c) Help
Ans: Hinder

(d) Wisdom
Ans: Stupidity

4. Give a very brief explanation of the following:

(a) Ab-initio
Ans: Ab initio is a latin term which means 'from the beginning. This term is used to indicate the existence of certain
facts from the beginning of the case.

(b) Adjudicate
Ans: To make a ruling or judgement on a case. This is a decision made by the court or any other judging authority
on any case under trial. This is often final but in certain cases may be temporary also.

(c) Alibi
Ans: The fact of having been elsewhere when a crime was committed on a certain place. Alibi, therefore, is a
defense which can be taken by the accused in the criminal proceedings by taking the plea that when the offence
was committed, the accused was not present at that place.

(d) In pari-delicto
Ans: In pari-delicto is a latin maxim which means "in equal fault". The phrase is used to denote a situation where
parties to a case are equally culpable for the wrong. They shall have no action against each other and there can
not ba any relief for them from the court of law.

Click here for a full list of maxims with meanings and usage
5. Convert the following into indirect speech:

(a) He said, "My master is writing letters".

Ans: He said that his master was writing letters.

(b) He says "I am glad to be here this evening".

Ans; He says that he is glad to be here this evening.

(c) The policeman said to us, "where are you going"?

Ans: The policeman asked us where we were going.

(d) "Don't make a noise" the teacher said to the students.

Ans: The teacher ordered the students not to make a noise.

Section B
Note: Attempt any two questions. Each question carries 10 marks

6. Write down a complaint to the SSP for non registering a FIR.

7. Frame sentences to bring out the meaning of the following:

(a) Dispute
Ans: Dispute between the two parties was settled by the tribunal.

(b) Announce
Ans: The principal announced a cash prize of Rs. 10 thousand for the topper.

(c) Voluntary
Ans: He was arrested under IPC Section 322 for voluntarily causing hurt to the plaintiff.

(d) Dishonour
Ans: The cheque issued to the applicant was dishonoured by the bank because of insufficient fund.

(e) Dismiss
Ans: The case was dismissed as there was no substantial evidence against the defendants.

8. Fill up the blanks in legal terms in English

(a) Law is a ___________ of sovereign.

Ans: Command

(b) Right is an ____________ protected by the law.

Ans: entitlement

(c) A contract is an agreement ______________________ by the law.

Ans: recognised

(d) PIL is not a _________________ for every ill.

Ans: pill
(e) Muslim law ____________ recognise adoption.
Ans: does not

Section C
Note: Attempt any three questions. Each question carries 20 marks

9. Write any one essay on the following:

(a) Secularism
(b) Right to Information
(c) Judicial activism
(d) Lok pal

10. Explain the following maxims in Hindi or in English

(a) Nemo dat quot not habet
(b) Res ipsa loquitur
(c) Volenti non fit injuria
(d) Damnum sine injuria

Click here for solutions

11. Comprehension
The maker of our constitution while framing article 301 had before them the experience of other constitution
particularly of the US and Australian. They did not follow the US model. Following the Australian model they
introduced certain significant changes. They replaced the words "among the states" and "absolutely free" in
Section 92 of the Australian constitution by the words ""throughout the territory of India" and "free" respectively
in Article 301. The freedom in Article 301 is not confined to interstate trade and commerce but also extend to
intra-state trade and commerce. Further it is made expressly subject to other provisions of Part XIII.

(i) Explain "throughout the territory of India"

(ii) What is intra-state trade?
(iii) Give a suitable title to the above passage
(iv) Summarise the above passage"

12. Translate from English to Hindi

13. What is Indian practice of citing documents in written works? Explain with the help of certain examples.

2020
Section A
Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 4 marks

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) If Mala -------- about her fever, She would have helped him (had known/knew)
(ii) Gopal will be ---- neighbors dog while they were on a vacation. (looking into/ looking after)
(iii) My Grandmother made us --- our homework every afternoon. (do/ to do)
(iv) By the time mother arrives, we ---- our homework. (finish / will have finished)

2. Convert the following into indirect speech:

(i) He said, "The Sun arises in the east".
Ans: The Sun arises in the east.
(ii) Ram said, "Shyam is playing".
Ans: Ram said that Shyam was playing.
(iii) He said, "I was not playing with Ram".
Ans: He said that he was not playing with Ram.
(iv) Mohan says to Ram, "I will give you a book".
Ans: Mohan says to Ram that he will give Ram a book.
3. Correct the following sentences:

(i) She has no issues.

Ans: She has no issue.
(ii) These are all my offsprings.
Ans: These are all my offspring.
(iii) I have packed my luggeges.
Ans: I have packed my luggege.
(iv) He wanted to help poor."
Ans: He wanted to help the poor.

4. Convert the following sentences as directed:

(i) No wise man will tell a lie. (convert to interrogative)

Ans: Will any wise man tell a lie?
(ii) Everybody would like to be rich (interrogative)
Ans: Would everybody like to be reach?
(iii) It is not good to help him (affirmative)
Ans: It is good to hinder him.
(iv) The question is no easy (affirmative)
Ans: The question is difficult.
5. Convert the following sentences as directed:

(i) The boys made Mohan captain (Passive)

Ans: Mohan was made captain by the boys.
(ii) He ran a race (Passive)
Ans: A race was ran by him.
(iii) A pen was bought by her (Active)
Ans: She bought a pen.
(iv) The book is being read by her (Active)
Ans: She is reading the book.

Section B
Note: Attempt any two questions. Each question carries 10 marks

6. Write a letter to the editor of The Hindustan Times about the menace of monkies in your area.

7. Discuss the importance of precedent as source of law.

8. Make sentences to bring out the meaning

(i) De facto
Ans: Ram has established himself as de facto leader of the class.
(ii) Ex post facto
Ans: A law is ex post facto only if it is explicitely mentioned in the law.
(iii) Prima facie
Ans: Prima facie it looks like a case of murder.
(iv) Sine die
Ans: The parliament is adjourned sine die.
(v) Audi alteram partem
Ans: 'Audi alteram psrtem' is a rule of natural justice, it would be unjust to give a decision without hearing both
the parties.
Click here for most important maxims

Section C
Note: Attempt any three questions. Each question carries 20 marks

9. Write an essay on any one of the following

(i) Terrorism
(ii) Public Interest Litigation
(iii) Causes of Juvenile delinquency
(iv) Independence of Judiciary

10. Passage
11. Translate passage to English
12. Translate passage to Hindi
13. Explain

(i) Res judicata

(ii) Caveat Emptor

(iii) Damnum sine injuria

(iv) Animus domini

(v) Doli incapax

2021

Section A
Note: Answer any two questions. Each question carries 10 marks

1. Convert the following as directed

(i) I said that I would be punctual in future. (Direct)
Ans: I said, "I will be punctual in future".
(ii) You said that you helped your friend. (Direct)
Ans: You said, "I help my friend".
(iii) He said, He learnt his lesson. (Indirect)
Ans: He said that he had learnt his lesson.
(iv) He said The teacher has gone. (Indirect)
Ans: He said that the teacher had gone.
2. Convert the following sentence
(i) He is my cousin brother.
Ans: He is my cousin.
(ii) She was carrying too many luggages.
Ans: She was carrying too many luggage.
(iii) They has gat two cars.
Ans: They have two cars.
(iv) The hanesty is the best policy.
Ans: The honesty is the best policy.

3. Convert the sentences as directed

(i) Who teaches you Hindi? (Passive)
Ans: By whom are you thought Hindi?
(ii) Shall I ever forget those days? (Passive)
Ans: Shall ever been forgotten those days by me?
(iii) A lion was seen by them. (Active)
Ans: They saw a lion.
(iv) He is being taught by me. (Active)
Ans: I am teaching him.

4. Fill in the blanks

(i) You --- to be a good boy. (Appear/Appears)
Ans: Appear
(ii) Reema --- a rich girl. (seem to be/seems to be)
Ans: seems to be
(iii) This mango --- sweet. (taste/testes)
Ans: testes
(iv) The cloth --- soft. (feel / feels)
Ans: feels

5. Write a short note on 'Ratio Decidendi'.

Section B
Note: Answer any one question. Each question carries 20 marks

6. Write a letter to the editor of a news paper on the increasing problem of 'Eve Teasing.
7. Make sentences to bring out the meaning
(i) Cruelty
Ans: Cruelty towards animal is an offence.
(ii) Hearsay
Ans: Hearsay evidences are not take into account.
(iii) Arbitrator
Ans: Arbitrator is a person officially appointed to settle a case.
(iv) Trespass
Ans: Trespassing a private property is an offence.
(v) Abduction
Ans: Abduction of any person is a criminal offence punishable by the law,

8. Write a note on the need and importance of Legal Language.

Section C
Note: Answer any two questions. Each question carries 30 marks
9. Write an essay on any one of the following:
(i) Role of law in empowerment of women.
(ii) Public Interest Litigation
(iii) Independence of Judiciary
(iv) Dowry is a curse for our society.

10. Explain the following legal maxims and use in sentence

(i) Res Ipsa Loquitur
(ii) Actus reus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea
(iii) Dali Incapax
(iv) Injuria sine damnum
(v) Ubi jus ibi remedium

11. Translate the following in the Hindi-

12. Translate the following in to English-
13. Comprehension-
In modern times, we see two types of terrorism, to be analysed from two angles one is internal terrorism and the
other one is external. Any kind of terrorism has became a menace, threat and challenge to the people of the world
and the peaceloving people living therein. Terrorism is the use of violence by a samll group of people to get their
demands fulfilled and their wishes satisfied. Thus cost too much for the peace and the people at large. The very
bad aspect of terrorism is that its creates a sort of fearful atmosphere and binds the people to live in a psycho fear
situation. It creates an alarm. It is foe of all and friend of none. Terrorist activities are not limited to one place or
one country, but it is worldwide phenomenon.

(i) What are types of Terrorism?

Ans There are two types of terrorisms, internal and external terrorisms.

(ii) Why is terrorism a menace?

Ans: Terrorism creates an atmosphere of fear for lives and property for the general people. It is enemy of the
mankind.

(iii) What amounts to terrorism?

Ans: Terrorism is the use of violence by a small group of people to get their demands fulfilled at the cost of lives
and properties of too many others.

(iv) Why the terrorists are the enemies of mankind?

Ans: Terrorists create alarming situation in the society to fulfill their self interests at the cost of others lives.

2022
Section A
Note: Answer all questions. Each question carries 4 marks

1. Convert the following into indirect speech

(i) He said, "My master is writing letters".
Ans: He said that his master was writing letters.
(ii) He says, "I am glad to be here this morning".
Ans: He says that he is glad to be there this morning.
(iii) The policeman said to us, "Where are you going?"
Ans: The policeman questioned us where we were going.
(iv) "Don't make a noise", the teachers said to the students.
Ans: The teachers ordered the students not to make any noise.

[Link] the sentence as directed

(i) I shall have finished my course before examinations. (Passive voice)
Ans: The course should have been finished by me before the examinations.
(ii) Did you buy this book? (Passive voice)
Ans: Was the book bought by you?
(iii) He will never speak the truth. (Positive)
Ans: He will always speak lies.
(iv) Are you helped by her? (Active voice)
Ans: Does she help you?

3. Correct the following

(i) I have two pairs of shoes.
Ans: I have two pair of shoes.
(ii) This house is made of stone.
Ans: This house is made with stone.
(iii) Which is best of these books?
Ans: Which is the best of these books?
(iv) The rain had began yesterday.
Ans: The rain began yesterday.

4. Write full form of the following abbreviations:

(i) AIR
Ans: All India Reporter
(ii) CrPC
Ans: Criminal Procedure Code
(iii) CPC
Ans: Civil Procedure Code
(iv) IPC
Ans: Indian Penal Code

5. Make sentences
(i) Ambiguous
Ans: It was an ambiguous statement that could be taken in different ways.
(ii) Charge
Ans: The charge against the accused was sufficiently proved.
(iii) Injunction
Ans: The court issued an injunction to prevent any activity on the disputed land.
(iv) Deligent
Ans: Deligent effort by the police resulted in arrest of the criminal.

Section B
Note: Answer any one question. Each question carries 20 marks

6. Write a letter to the Municipal commissioner to get rid of the menace of stray dos in the city.
7. Give brief explanations of the following
(i) Ab-initio
(ii) Adjudicate
(iii) In peri-delicto
(iv) Alibi

Click here for explanation for these and more maxims

7. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the misleading advertisements.

8. What do you understand by the following:

(i) Volenti non fit injuria
(ii) Good faith
(iii) Habeas corpus
(iv) Sine die

Click here for explanation for these and more maxims

Section C
Note: Answer any two questions. Each question carries 30 marks

9. Discuss the importance of precedents as a source of law.

10. Explain the following
(i) Injuria sine demnum
(ii) Res ipsa locitur
(iii) Damnum sine injuria
(iv) Actus necessitus

Click here for explanation for these and more maxims

11. Comprehension
12. Translate to Hindi
13. Translate to English
14. Write an essay on any one of the following
(a) Right to Information
(b) Judicial Activism
(c) Role of education on the empowerment of women
(d) Democracy is the future of mankind

2023
Section A
Note: Answer all questions. Each question carries 4 marks

1. Convert the following as directed

(i) Aradhana said she could carry all the books. (Direct Speech)
Ans: Aradhana said, "I can carry all the books".
(ii) Reema said, "I drove the bike." (Indirect Speech)
Ans. Reema said that she had driven the bike.
(iii) Hari said he would come the next day. (Direct speech)
Ans. Hari said, "I shall go tomorrow."
(iv) He said, "I haven't seen Pragya." (Indirect speech)
Ans. He said that he has not seen Pragya.
2. Correct the following sentence
(i) The student regretted from his behaviour.
Ans. The student regretted to his behaviour.
(ii) Being a rainy day, I could not walk to college.
Ans. It being a rainy day, I could not walk to college.
(iii) A fifty year old has joined our university.
Ans. A fifty year old student has joined our university.
(iv) She is suffering from strong fever.
Ans. She is suffering from high fever.

3. Change the sentences as directed

(i) Mohan changed the flat tire. (Passive voice)
Ans. The flat tire is changed by Mohan.
(ii) A movie is going to be watched by us tonight. (Active voice)
Ans. We are going to watch a movie tonight.
(iii) He loves me. (Passive voice)
Ans. I am loved by him.
(iv) The novel was read by mom in one day. (Active voice)
Ans. Mom read the novel in one day.

4. Write synonyms
(i) Acquittal
Ans: Discharge
(ii) Confinement
Ans: Imprisonment
(iii) Damage
Ans: Penalty
(iv) Guilty
Ans: convicted

5. Write full form of the following abbreviations:

(i) AIR
Ans: All India Reporter
(ii) SCC
Ans: Supreme Courte Case
(iii) CrLJ
Ans: Criminal Law of Justice
(iv) JT
Ans: Jury Trial
Section B
Note: Answer any one question. Each question carries 20 marks

6. Write short not on the following:

(i) Audi alteram partem
Ans: The maxim is taken from Latin which means “Listen to the other side” or “let the other side be heard as well”.
It is fundamental legal principle in which each party is entitled to a fair hearing and given the opportunity to
respond to evidence against them.
(ii) Nemo judex in causa sua
Ans: The phrase is taken from Latin which means "no-one is judge in his own cause". It is a principle of natural
justice that no person can judge a case in which they have an interest.
Click here for commonly asked maxims

7. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the misleading advertisements.

Ans:

8. Explain Obter Dictum

Ans: Obiter dictum is a Latin phrase which mean “that which is said in passing,” an incidental statement.
Specifically, in law, it refers to a passage in a judicial opinion which is not necessary for the decision of the case
before the court. Such statements lack the force of precedent but may nevertheless be significant.

Click here for commonly asked maxims

Section C
Note: Answer any two questions. Each question carries 30 marks

9. Write an essay on any one of the following:

(i) Judicial system in India.
(ii) Child labour
(iii) Consumer Protection
(iv) Right to die.
0. Explain the following legal maxims.
(i) Res nullius
(ii) Locus standi
(iii) Ultra-vires
(iv) Respondeat superior

Ans: Click here for explanations of all of these maxims and more

11. Translate the following in the English-

12. Translate the following in to Hindi-

13. Comprehension-
Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin. One can't exist without the other. Duties without rights are
mere slavery. Similarly rights without duties amount to lawlessness. In any civilized society, rights and duties must
go side by side. But in today's world everyone talks about much of his rights. There is a great hue and cry if our
rights are infringed. But nobody seems to bother much about his duties. That is why there is a great unrest in our
day to day life. Actually duties come first, right afterwards.

(i) Why there is great unrest in our present day life?

Ans: In any civilized society, rights and duties must go side by side. But in today's world everyone talks about much
of his rights. There is a great hue and cry if our rights are infringed. But nobody seems to bother much about his
duties. That is why there is a great unrest in our day to day life.

(ii) What do you think comes first... rights or duties?

Ans: Duties come first, right follows.

(iii) Give one example to show one man's right another man's duty.
Ans: For example, right to life is a right for every citizen. To protect this right, the police should perform their
duties. Unless the police perform their duties, right to life can not be protected. So in this way we can see that one
man's right is another man's duty.
To,

1. The ______ Police station

2. The District Magistrate

Subject : Nuisance caused by recitation of azans on mosques and use of

loudspeakers

Respected Sir,

The District Magistrate is expected to take action upon lodging of a complaint

regarding noise pollution under Section 15 of ‘Environment Protection Act’ and
Section 7 of ‘Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000’, which provides
for punishment up to 5 years of imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 1 lakh to the
offenders.

The Police are reluctant to register an offence under the above sections when
citizens file complaints about azans on loudspeakers.

The nuisance of noise pollution continues since no stringent punishment is provided

for offences u/s 188 of IPC or any offence registered under the Police Act. Lack of
coordination between the Administration and the Police department should not be
the reason for the continued menace of noise pollution. Hence, to facilitate this
coordination and with the expectation that the two will get together and find a
permanent solution to the issue of noise pollution, we are submitting the petition to
both of you.

There is a mosque in _______ area (mention complete address) . I have no knowledge

if the mosque is authorised or not. I only know that ____ times every day (Specify the
number of times in a day) the azan is recited very loudly and shrilly. It is audible for
hundreds of meters, and citizens are disturbed and distressed by it.

The aged, children, students, patients and workers (who are not able to get
complete sleep at dawn), are displeased with this blatant violation of sound
pollution laws.

Therefore, I/we am/are requesting you to initiate and lodge a criminal complaint
against the people responsible for this noise pollution and proceed to punish them
with 5 years of imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 1 lakh.

I/we request that the Police visit this mosque, record the statements of people
residing in the area; similarly, a panchnama of the sound level can be prepared by
measuring it when the azans are being recited.

Through this letter, I/we request you to investigate thoroughly about the people who
are responsible for reciting azan from this mosque, and submit a report to the
District Magistrate; please do not ignore this letter.

Please follow-up with the Police and direct them to submit their report, and take
punitive measures as necessary.

I/we, humbly request both of you to take cognizance of this letter at the earliest.
I/we also request you not to create a situation where I/we have to initiate any Court
proceedings to get rid of the nuisance of noise pollution.
Yours faithfully,
_______________

(Name and address of the Complainant)