1.
a. State the Pascals principle (1mk)
b. The diagram below shows part of a hydraulic lift
Determine the value of M, the load that could be lifted using this system (3mks)
c. A gas supply was connected to U – tube containing mercury and the level of
mercury in the tube was as shown below
Given that the density of mercury is 13.6g/cm3 and that atmospheric pressure is
1 x 10 5Nm-2. Determine the pressure of the gas in Nm-2 (4mks)
2. A tank contains water to a depth of 10 meters. Calculate the pressure exerted by the
water at the bottom of the tank. (Density of water = 1000 kg/m³, acceleration due to
gravity = 9.8 m/s²)
3. A submarine is submerged at a depth where the pressure due to the sea water is 3.5 x
10⁵ Pa. If the density of sea water is 1025 kg/m³, find the depth of the submarine.
(Assume g = 9.8 m/s²)
4. Explain how Pascal's principle applies to hydraulic systems and provide an example of a
hydraulic system in use
5. A hydraulic press has a small piston with an area of 0.01 m² and a large piston with an
area of 0.5 m². If a force of 200 N is applied to the small piston, calculate the force
exerted by the large piston.
6. Describe the working principle of a hydraulic jack and how it demonstrates Pascal's law.
7. If a hydraulic lift is used to lift a car of mass 1500 kg using a small piston of radius 0.05 m
and a large piston of radius 0.2 m, calculate the force needed on the small piston.
(Assume g = 9.8 m/s²)
8. Discuss how a mercury barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure and explain
why mercury is preferred over other liquids.
9. The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1.013 x 10⁵ Pa. If the density of mercury is 13,600
kg/m³, calculate the height of the mercury column in a barometer at sea level. (Assume g
= 9.8 m/s²)