DIGITAL LOGIC
Sangeeth N.
Kerala PSC Expert
Syllabus
● Number System
o Binary
o Decimal
o Octal
o Hexadecimal
Number System
● In the digital computer, number systems are used for representing
information.
● Some of the important types of number system are
○ Binary Number System
○ Decimal Number System
○ Hexadecimal Number System
○ Octal Number System
Binary Number System
● A binary number system is used in the digital computers.
● The base of binary number system is 2 because it has only two digit 0 and 1.
● The location of a digit in a binary number represents a specific power of the
base (2) of the number system.
Binary Number System
● Each digit is known as a bit.
● A four-bit collection is known as a nibble, and a collection of eight bits is
known as a byte.
Binary Number System
● 4 bits = 1 nibble
● 8 bits = 1 byte
● 16 bits = 1 word
● 32 bits = 1 double word
● 210 bits = 1 kilobits (1Kb)
● 220 bits = 1 megabits (1Mb)
● 230 bits = 1 gigabits (1Gb)
Binary Number System
● If there are n bits, we can represent 2n numbers, with maximum value 2n-1.
● For example,
○ if there are 3 bits, we can represent 8 numbers from 0 to 7.
○ If there are 4 bits, we can represent 16 numbers from 0 to 15.
Binary Number System
● 20 = 1 ● 26 = 64
● 21 = 2 ● 27 = 128
● 22 = 4 ● 28 = 256
● 23 = 8 ● 29 = 512
● 24 = 16 ● 210 = 1024
● 25 = 32 ● 211 = 2048
Binary Number System
● 214 bits = ?
Binary Number System
● 226 bits = ?
Binary Number System
● 238 bits = ?
Binary Number System
● 222 bits = ? Kb
Binary Number System
● Each IP in a V4 IP addressing consists of 32 bits.
● These 32 bits are divided into 4 octets of 8 bits each.
● An IP address is represented like this: [Link].
Decimal Number System
● The decimal numbers are used in our day to day life.
● The decimal number system contains ten digits from 0 to 9.
● The position in the decimal number system specifies the power of the base
(10).
Octal Number System
● The octal number system has base 8
● There are only eight possible digit (0-7) values to represent a number
Octal Number System
● Every file or folder in UNIX has access permission.
● There are three types of permissions (what allowed to do with a file):
○ Read Access
○ Write Access
○ Execute Access
Octal Number System
Octal digit Text equivalent Meaning
0 — All types of access are denied
1 –x Execute access is allowed only
2 -w- Write access is allowed only
3 -wx Write and execute access are allowed
4 r– Read access is allowed only
5 r-x Read and execute access are allowed
6 rw- Read and write access are allowed
7 rwx Everything is allowed
Hexadecimal Number System
● It is another technique to represent the number in the digital system called
the hexadecimal number system.
● The number system has a base of 16 means there are total 16 digits
(0-9,A-F).
● The letters from A to F defines numbers from 10 to 15.
Hexadecimal Number System
● Memory addresses are displayed as two hex numbers. An example is
C800:5.
● The part to the left of the colon (C800) is called the segment address, and the
part to the right of the colon (5) is called the offset.
Question - 1
The parameter through which 16 distinct values can be represented is known as ________
a) Bit
b) Byte
c) Word
d) Nibble
Ans: Word
Question - 2
An important drawback of binary system is
a) It requires very large string of 1’s and 0’s
b) It requires sparingly small string of 1’s and 0’s
c) It requires large string of 1’s and small string of 0’s
d) It requires small string of 1’s and large string of 0’s
Ans: It requires very large string of 1’s and 0’s
Question - 3
The largest two digit hexadecimal number is
a) (FE)16
b) (FD) 16
c) (FF) 16
d) (EF)16
Ans: (FF) 16
Question - 4
One hex digit is sometimes referred to as a(n):
A. byte
B. nibble
C. grouping
D. instruction
Ans: nibble
Question - 5
If a typical PC uses a 20-bit address code, how much memory can the CPU address?
A. 20 MB
B. 10 MB
C. 1 MB
D. 580 MB
Ans: 1 MB
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