WRITING LESSON 1
writing task 1- writing introduction
CÂU MỞ ĐẦU
Trả lời các câu hỏi
CÁI GÌ Ở ĐÂU KHI NÀO (NHƯ THẾ NÀO) – Đơn vị đo
VIẾT LẠI CÂU MỞ ĐẦU
Dùng một / tất cả các cách sau để thay đổi câu đề bài cho sẵn
1. Thay thế động từ “show”
show --> provide information about, highlight, compare, indicate, or illustrate.
2 Đổi dạng từ
The chart shows UK citizens’ spending on reading materials in 2000.
The chart shows how much people in the UK spent on reading materials in 2000.
3 Dùng từ/cụm từ đồng nghĩa
The graph provides information on the number of cars bought per head of population in China.
The graph provides information on the number of cars purchased per head of population in China.
4 Sử dụng how much, how many và how +... (S+V)
Example
1. The bar graph shows the number of students who visited the museum in the past month.
The bar graph shows how many (countable noun) students visited the museum in the past month.
2. The pie charts show the amount of water used for domestic purposes.
The pie charts show how much water was used for domestic purposes.
3. The table shows different devices which were used to access the Internet by university
students in a dormitory over the last year.
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The table shows how the Internet was accessed by university students in a dormitory over the last
year.
5. Thay đổi các cụm từ chỉ thời gian
from 1990 – 2000 between 1900 and 2000 / during the ten-year period from 1990 onwards
in 1990 and 2000 across the two years 1990 and 2000
6. Thêm / bớt đơn vị đo
The chart shows (in percentage/proportion/billions of tons / millions of hectares) + N
The chart shows (percentage/proportion) figures for
The chart shows (percentage) changes in
PRACTICE
Practice 1 Rewrite the following sentences by using synonyms for the underlined sections.
1. The graph shows the number of schools constructed in each region of the country in 2014.
2. The graph shows the number of people who visited the Palm Island Resort in each of the years
from 2010 to 2015.
The charts show the percentages of men and women shoppers who shopped at Mayfield's Clothing
Store at different times of the day.
3. The table shows the different types of career interests reported by students at Bingham
University.
4. The graph shows the number of bus passengers in the city on weekdays.
Practice 2 For each question below, write a possible introduction.
1. The chart shows the number of underweight children aged 5 in seven regions of the world. (how
many / the figure for)
2. The chart shows UK citizens' spending on three types of reading materials.
3. The chart illustrates the world's mobile phone users in 2006, showing their distribution between
six geographical regions. (change word form)
(… the number of people who …. , … how it was distributed …)
4. The chart gives information about the activities of adults in the UK at various times throughout
the 24-hour cycle. (what)
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5. The chart shows the percentage change in serious crimes in European Union countries between
1996 and 2000. (how)
6. The flow chart shows the chocolate production process. (how … is produced)
7. The two maps show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities. (how)
8. The chart below shows the total number of minutes of telephone calls in the UK, divided into
three categories, from 1995 to 2002. (how long)
9. The graph below gives information about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980, with
projections until 2030. (the amount of / how much … was consumed)
10. The bar charts below show the change in population size in two British cities from 1999 to 2009.
OVERVIEW
Tóm tắt lại các thông tin chính trong biểu đồ
Viết ngay sau câu mở đầu
KHÔNG cho số liệu cụ thể
Cung cấp BỨC TRANH TOÀN CẢNH
(xu hướng chính, sự khác biệt chính, số bước trong một quy trình, v.v.)
Mở đầu câu Overview bằng:
Overall, / Generally, S + V
It is clear that S + V
Cần lưu ý các thông tin sau trong biểu đồ
- High/low values – giá trị cao nhất/thấp nhất
- Biggest increase/decrease – tăng giảm nhiều nhất
- Biggest majority/minority – phần lớn nhất/nhỏ nhất (biểu đồ tròn)
- Major trends – các xu hướng chính
- Erratic values – giá trị bất thường
- Unchanging data – các số liệu không thay đổi
- Notable exceptions – những trường hợp ngoại lệ đáng lưu ý
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Writing tasks
Task 1
The bar chart below shows the three main causes of land damage in four different areas in the world.
NE CHARTS
Task 2
The graphs below show the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica and the production of three ozone-
damaging gases from 1980 to 2000.
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Task 3
The line graph shows the size of the global population from 1400 to 2000, and the pie charts show
the global population by region in 1900 and 2000.
PIE CHARTS
The graphs below show the annual expenditure of university students in three countries in 2003.
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TABLES
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different
countries in 2010.
PROCESS
The diagram shows how cocoa are prepared for export to the countries that make chocolate.
DIAGRAM
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