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Solution Test on Colligative Properties

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31 views2 pages

Solution Test on Colligative Properties

Uploaded by

drvssssmcrobertganj
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Solution & Colligative Properties

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TEST TOPIC : SOLUTION
Max. Marks : 40 Max. Time : 1 Hr.
INTEGER TYPE
1. What volume of 98% sulphuric acid (in ml) should be mixed with water to obtain 200 mL of 15% solution of
sulphuric acid by weight ? Given density of H2O = 1.00 g cm–3, sulphuric acid (98%) = 1.88 g cm–3 and
sulphuric acid (15%) = 1.12 g cm–3.

2. The vapour pressure of fluorobenzene at t°C is given by the equation


1250
log p (mm Hg) = 7.0 –
t 220
Calculate the boiling point of the liquid in ºC if the external (applied) pressure is 5.26% more than required for
normal boiling point. (log 2 = 0.3)

3. At 300 K, 40 mL of O3 (g) dissolves in 100 g of water at 1.0 atm. What mass of ozone (in gram) dissolved in
1600 g of water at a pressure of 4.0 atm at 300 K ?

4. Calculate the concentration of CO2 in a soft drink that is bottled with a partial pressure of CO2 of 4 atm over
the liquid at 25ºC. The Henry’s law constant for CO2 in water at 250C is 3.1 × 10–2 mol/litre–atm. Write answer
after multiplying by 100.

5. An ideal aqueous solution containing liquid A([Link]. = 128) 64% by weight has a vapour pressure of 145 mm
Hg. If the vapour pressure of A is x mm of Hg and that of water is 155 mm Hg at the same temperature. Then
find x/5. The solutions is ideal.

6. Determine i (vant-Hoff factor) for a tribasic acid H3A. Assuming first dissociation to be 100%, second disso-
ciation 50%, third dissociation 20%. (Round off your answer to nearest integer).

7. 0.1 mole XY2 is dissolved in 2L water, where it ionizes to give X2+ and Y22–. Observed osmotic pressure is 3
atm. Molar mass of X is 24 and Y is 32. Find Mobserved + 2i (where Mobserved is observed molar mass of XY2)
(Use R = 1/12 L-atm/mol.K and temperature is 87°C)

8. Dry air was successively passed through a solution of 5g solute in 80 g water and then through pure water.
The loss in weight of solution was 2.5 g and that of pure water was 0.04 g. What is mol. wt of solute ?

9. How many grams of sucrose (C12H22O11) must be dissolved in 90 g of water to produce a solution over which
the relative humidity is 80%? Assume the solution is ideal. Give your answer after dividing by 10.

10. 1.22 g of a monobasic acid is dissolved in 100 g of benzene. Boiling point of solution increases by 0.13ºC
with respect to pure benzene. Find the molecular mass of acid in benzene solvent (in u). Report your answer
after dividing it by 100 and Round it off to nearest integer. (Kb of benzene = 2.6 K kg mol–1).

1
Solution & Colligative Properties
ANSWER KEY

1. 18 2. 85 3. 5 4. 12 mol/litre. 5. 21

11. 3 12. 48 13. 70 14. 43 15. 2

Common questions

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In an ideal solution, the vapor pressure is determined by Raoult's Law, which states that the partial vapor pressure of each component is proportional to its mole fraction. For a solution of 64% A by weight, calculate the mole fraction first. If water's vapor pressure is 155 mm Hg and the total is 145 mm Hg, the vapor pressure of A (x) is given by 145 - (0.36 × 155) = x, and then calculate x/5, considering ideal behavior assumptions where interactions are similar and do not affect total vapor pressure considerably .

The boiling point of a liquid increases with an increase in external pressure. This can be calculated using the vapor pressure equation log p (mm Hg) = 7.0 – 220 t/1250. When the external pressure is 5.26% over the normal boiling point, this is factored into the given equation to solve for the boiling point. First, increase the normal vapor pressure by 5.26%, then substitute this new value into the equation to solve for temperature, giving the boiling point .

Henry's law states that the concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. If the Henry's law constant for CO2 is 3.1 × 10⁻² mol/litre-atm, and CO2 is at 4 atm pressure, the concentration is calculated as \( 4 \times 3.1 \times 10^{-2} = 0.124 \) mol/L. Multiply by 100 as required to get a concentration of 12 mol/litre .

Ionization can significantly affect colligative properties by increasing the number of particles in solution, effectively changing properties like osmotic pressure. In the example with 0.1 mole XY2, which ionizes to X2+ and Y22-, estimating the observed osmotic pressure (3 atm under specified conditions) allows us to use the van't Hoff factor to deduce the ionization effect. This affects the observed molar mass, with calculations leading to Mobserved + 2i .

To calculate the required volume of a concentrated sulfuric acid solution to prepare a diluted solution of a specific concentration by weight, the mass of sulfuric acid in both solutions must be equal. Given the densities: 98% sulfuric acid = 1.88 g/cm³ and 15% sulfuric acid = 1.12 g/cm³, and using the formula Mass = Volume × Density × Concentration, set up the equation for mass balance: \( \text{Volume of 98% solution} \times 1.88 \times 0.98 = 200 \times 1.12 \times 0.15 \). Solving gives the required volume of the concentrated solution .

The vant-Hoff factor (i) for a tribasic acid H3A is determined by conceptualizing each dissociation step: first dissociation (100%) contributes 2 ions, second (50%) adds another, and third (20%) adds part of another ion. Thus, i is approximated by considering full dissociation of the first ion and partial counts from subsequent dissociations: \(i = 1 + 1 + 0.5 + 0.2\), approximated as 3 after rounding to the nearest integer, thus reflecting the combined impact of dissociations .

By observing changes in colligative properties like boiling point elevation, the molecular weight of a compound can be determined. With benzene (Kb = 2.6 K kg/mol), use the formula \( \Delta T_b = i \cdot K_b \cdot m \) where i = 1 for non-ionizing species, and rearrange to solve for molarity of the solute. Given the mass increase (0.13°C), calculate the molarity and relate to the molar mass using \( 1.22 g \) of solute, giving molecular mass after necessary arithmetic manipulations and conversions .

To determine the molar mass of a solute from changes in weight during evaporation, consider mass lost by the solvent and solution separately. The difference in these losses can be used in conjunction with the principle that loss in weight of solvent is proportional to mole ratios to calculate the molar mass. Use the formula \( \text{mass of solute} = (\text{Weight of solution lost} - \text{Weight of pure water lost}) / \text{Moles of solute} \), which leads to the desired mass calculation .

Understanding chemical structure and conditions enables interpretation of solution behaviors like osmotic pressure, a colligative property that reveals ion activity in solution. For instance, with a substance like XY2, dissociating into multiple ions, calculate observed properties using formulas relating ion count to pressure and mass effects. Examining structural formulas and reaction conditions (temperature, pressure) elucidates deviations from ideality, revealing complex interactions influencing Mobserved and i-factor. Strong correlations between structural-dissociation behavior inform interpretations of experimental results .

When determining the quantity of solute (like sucrose) to achieve a certain relative humidity (RH), it's essential to consider the vapor pressure created by the solute and solvent mixture. For RH of 80%, using the formula \( \frac{P_{water, solution}}{P_{water,pure}} = 0.8 \), and knowing vapor pressure of water decreases with solute addition, calculate the solute mass needed to lower the vapor pressure to achieve the desired humidity. This experiment involves understanding how solutes alter boiling and freezing points, linking RH to vapor pressure through the ideal solution assumption .

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