Question 1 :
18 is taken away from 8 times of a number is 30. Find the number.
Answer :
Let 'x' be the number.
Given : 18 is taken away from 8 times of the number is 30
Then, we have
8x - 18 = 30
Add 18 to both sides.
8x = 48
Divide both sides by 8.
x = 6
So, the number is 6.
Question 2 :
The denominator of a fraction exceeds the numerator by 5. If 3 be added to
both, the fraction becomes 3/4. Find the fraction.
Answer :
Let 'x' be the numerator.
"The denominator of the fraction exceeds the numerator"
From the above information,
Fraction = x / (x + 5) ----------(1)
"If 3 be added to both, the fraction becomes 3 / 4"
From the above information, we have
(x+3) / (x + 5 + 3) = 3 / 4
Simplify.
(x + 3) / (x + 8) = 3/4
4(x + 3) = 3(x + 8)
4x + 12 = 3x + 24
x = 12
Plug x = 12 in (1)
Fraction = 12 / (12 + 5)
Fraction = 12 / 17
So, the required fraction is 12 / 17.
Question 17 :
The hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is 20 cm. The difference between
its other two sides is 4 cm. Find the length of the sides.
Answer :
Let 'x' and "x + 4" be the lengths of other two sides.
Using Pythagorean theorem, we have
(x + 4)x2 + x2 = 20x2
Simplify.
x2 + 8x + 16 + x2 = 400
2x2 + 8x + 16 = 400
Subtract 400 from both sides.
2x2 + 8x - 384 = 0
Divide both sides by 2.
x2 + 4x - 192 = 0
(x + 16)(x - 12) = 0
x = -16 or x = 12
x = -16 can not be accepted. Because length can not be negative.
If x = 12,
x + 4 = 12 + 4 = 16
So, the other two sides of the triangle are 12 cm and 16 cm.
Question 16 :
Divide 25 in two parts so that sum of their reciprocals is 1/6.
Answer :
Let 'x' be one of the parts of 25. Then the other part is (25 - x).
Given : Sum of the reciprocals of the parts is 1/6.
Then, we have
1/x + 1/(25 - x) = 1/6
Simplify.
(25 - x + x) / x(25 - x) = 1/6
25 / (25x - x2) = 1/6
6(25) = 25x - x2
150 = 25x - x2
x2 - 25x + 150 = 0
(x - 15)(x - 10) = 0
x = 15 or x = 10
When x = 15,
25 - x = 25 - 15
25 - x = 10
When x = 10,
25 - x = 25 - 10
25 - x = 15
So, the two parts of the 25 are 10 and 15.
Question 9 :
If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 2 and the denominator by 1, it
becomes 1. In case, the numerator is decreased by 4 and the denominator by
2, it becomes 1/2. Find the fraction.
Answer :
Let 'x/y' be the fraction.
Given : If the numerator is increased by 2 and the denominator by 1, the
fraction becomes 1.
So, we have
(x + 2) / (y + 1) = 1
Simplify.
(x + 2) / (y + 1) = 1
x+2 = y+1
x - y = - 1 ------(1)
Given : In case the numerator is decreased by 4 and the denominator by 2,
the fraction becomes 1/2.
So, we have
(x - 4) / (y - 2) = 1 / 2
Simplify.
2(x - 4) = 1(y - 2)
2x - 8 = y - 2
2x - y = 6 ------(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get
x = 7 and y = 8
So, the fraction is 7/8.
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