PKS

Chapter 3: SOCIO ECONOMIC DATA COLLECTION

Objectives of Baseline Survey:
Information about,
i. Education
ii. Employment pattern
iii. Means of income generation
iv. Health condition
v. Social Stratification/ Poverty incidence
vi. Expenditure patterns
Variables to Characterize Socio Economic Profile:
i. Population & Demography
ii. Education
iii. Economy & Employment
iv. Water
o Drinking water Quality
o Sanitation Facility
o Electricity Access
v. Health
o Distance from Hospital
o Immunization
o Maternal Mortality & Reproductive Health
vi. Women
o Participation
o Rights & empowerment
o Mobility Pattern
Shortcut: PEE Water (DSE) Health (DIM) Women (RPM)

Question 01: কিভাবে data collection িরা হবে to assess the impact on socio economy. (10 marks)

Methods used for qualitative data collection are,

i. Baseline Surveys
o Assess pre-project socio-economic conditions
o Cover demographics, employment, income levels, and relevant factors
ii. Focus Groups Survey & Community Interviews
o Engagement with affected communities
o Conduct focus group discussions and interviews
o Understand qualitative perspectives, concerns, and aspirations
iii. Household Surveys
o Administer surveys on income sources, employment, education, and healthcare
access
o Quantify socio-economic changes
iv. Key Informant Interviews
o Interview local leaders, schoolteachers, shopkeepers, and health workers
o Gather in-depth insights into community dynamics
v. Gender-Sensitive Data Collection
o Ensure capturing specific impacts on men and women
o Consider gender dynamics in data collection
 vi. Stakeholder Consultations
o Engage with local authorities, NGOs, and other stakeholders
o Gather diverse perspectives to enhance data comprehensiveness
vii. Structural observation

Chapter 4: OVERVIEW OF LEGISLATION AND POLICIES

i. Relevant GOB legislation on land acquisition
ii. Co-financier Safeguard Policies
iii. Harmonization of policies
iv. Resettlement policy framework

Relevant GOB legislation on land acquisition:

A. The Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance 1982
(Ordinance II of 1982)
i. Compensation: for land, structure, trees and crops on the land
ii. Ownership: supported by records (deeds, title or agreements)
iii. Compensation Amount = market value + 50% premium on the assessed value
B. The East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1951
i. defines the ownership and right of use of alluvion and diluvian land
C. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009
i. promulgated to refuse any fraudulent claim for compensation of land or structures
ii. Video filming the right-of-way is a provision of the law to ensure compensation
for genuine losses only.

Inadequacies of GOB legislation regarding land acquisition and resettlement:

i. 1982 Ordinance II does not cover persons without title or ownership record (e.g., informal
settler, informal tenants)
ii. Market value of property is based on registered price which is lower than the actual
market price
iii. The act does not have provisions for resettlement of affected households/businesses
National Constitution:

i. Article 40: Supports requirement for supplementary measures for affected people
ii. Article 42: No law with provision for compensation for acquisition of land can be
challenged in a court on the grounds that such compensation has been inadequate

Who deals?
i. Ministry of Land
ii. Commissioner/ Deputy Commissioner
Calculation of the Market Value
i. Registrar (land)
ii. Public Works Department (structures)
iii. Divisional Forest Offices (for trees)
iv. Department of Agricultural (Crops)
v. Department of Fisheries (for fish stock)
Co-financier Safeguard Policies:

A. World Bank Operational Policies

World Bank Operational Policies require
o social screening
o impact assessment,
o public consultation and participation; to ensure that projects in which it invests are
implemented in a socially responsible manner.
OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement
o Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized
o Affected persons should be meaningfully consulted
o Affected persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and
standards of living or at least to restore

B. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguard Policies

i. Resettlement screening and social assessment
ii. Consultation and participation
iii. Livelihood restoration
iv. Assisted relocation
v. Land title: Displaced persons without titles to land or any recognizable legal rights
to land are eligible for resettlement assistance and compensation for loss of non-
land assets
vi. Resettlement plan
vii. Disclosure
viii. Monitoring and evaluation

C. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

i. A wide range of social impacts should be addressed.
ii. Measures for social consideration should be applied from an early stage until the
monitoring stage.
iii. Accountability and transparency should be ensured during the entire process.
iv. Stakeholders‟ opinions should play a prominent role in the decision-making
process.
v. Information should be disclosed in consultation with the project proponent.
vi. The capacity of organizations involved in environmental and social operations
should be enhanced.
vii. Prompt implementation.

D. Islamic Development Bank IDB

Harmonization of policies:
Harmonized policy forms the basis for the preparation of Resettlement Action Plans

o 1982 Ordinance II + financiers safeguard policies

Resettlement Policy Framework:

Discussed in the last question.
 Chapter 5: PARTICIPATORY APPROACH AND CONSULTATIONS

Consultation is a two-way process where,

i. Executing agency
ii. Policy makers
iii. Beneficiaries
iv. Affected persons; discuss & share their concerns.

Main Objective:

i. To inform the population- positive & negative impacts

ii. To incorporate their views, suggestions & inputs to minimize the adverse effect.

Topics of Discussion:
i. Land Acquisition & alternatives
ii. Relocation & resettlement
iii. Tree-cutting & impacts on ecosystem
iv. Employment opportunity & occupational changes
v. Traffic congestion
vi. Cultural Resources & infrastructures
vii. Impacts on char lands
viii. Hydrology, drainage, river erosion, fisheries
Outcomes:

i. Feedback from consultation & women

ii. Community perceived benefits & impacts

Community Perceived Benefits & impacts;

Positive Negative
New Employment & Business opportunities
Improved Connectivity
Increased value of Residual Lands Land Acquisition &
Opportunity for Marketing & Tourism Displacement
Economic Stability & improved Quality of Life
Increase in Women mobility

Question 02: কিভাবে public participation & their views এই study design এ ensure িরে? (10 marks)

To incorporate the ideas of public participation in study design Participatory Approach &
Consultations should be initiated.
Methodologies:

i. Case Study
o A quantitative research method
o Provide a detailed analysis of single case
o Tries to present whole story of a particular event or situation.
ii. Key informant
o Individuals who is knowledgeable about particular domains of culture
o Vary in type & level of knowledge
o Example- caretaker of a tube well
 iii. Focus Group Discussion
o Interviewing a group of people not previously known to each other
o Share a common characteristic of socio-economy
o Allows for news to be raised
o Example- discussion with female caretaker of tube well
iv. Group interview
o Same as focus group discussion
o Participants are known to each other
o Example- a group of school students
v. Semi Structured Interview
o Interviewer is provided with a list of question
o Allow respondents to express themselves in their own term
o Record the response in open form rather than in pre-recorded format
o Allows respondents to spontaneously raise issues & questions.
vi. Observation
o Involves watching & recording particular behavior in specific places
o Instruments are designed to allow observers to record what they see
o Example- Water collection at tube well
vii. Participatory Rural Appraisal
o Yielding Info about an area & its population
o Involves asking a group of respondents to draw a map using locally available
resources such as mud floor & bean seeds
o Constructed map can be a focal point for much discussion about the place.
Shortcut: গ্রাবে “Case কি” জানবে interview & observation এর োধ্যবে semi structured discussion
িরা হয়।

Question 03: Public consultation & participation কিভাবে effective implementation of land acquisition
& resettlement action plan এ contribute িরবে? (10 marks)

Public consultation & participation will contribute in effective implementation of land

acquisition & resettlement action plan by providing necessary feedbacks.
Feedbacks from consultations:
i. Examination of all possible alternatives.
ii. Compensation for all losses at replacement value.
iii. Resettlement sites having basic civic amenities.
iv. Establishment of cultural resources & infrastructures.
v. Project Impacts on chars
vi. Construction Impacts the flood regime, drainage, erosion, water or fisheries.
vii. Development of Local Health facilities.
viii. Sufficiency of Tubewell supplying arsenic free drinking water.
ix. Construction of underpass to serve community.
Shortcut: HIIT under basic cultural compensation alternatives
Feedbacks From women:
i. Gender discrimination regarding access
ii. Worries of older women about changes
iii. Influx/influence of project labor (should be a good income generation opportunity)
Shortcut: WIG
 Chapter 6: SOCIAL IMPACTS OF LAND ACQUISITION/RESETTLEMENT

Impact Ratio: What % of income will lose for a particular household due to land acquisition of
their agricultural land.

Typical socio-economic impacts of development projects:

i. Loss of land and property (-ve)
ii. Displacement (-ve)
iii. Loss of income (-ve)
iv. Employment (both +ve and –ve)
v. Health (both +ve and –ve)
vi. Transport/ communication (both +ve and –ve)
vii. Utility services (including water/sanitation) (both +ve and-ve)
viii. Safety (including occupational safety) (usually –ve)
ix. Archaeological / historical sites; cultural resources (usually –ve)

Question 04: Impact asses িরবে relevant কিান কিান social & economic factors consider িরা লাগবে?
Minimum 10 points. (15 marks)
Land acquisition and resettlement or loss of land and property- possibly the most significant
adverse socio-economic impact. Acquisition of land results in displacement of population. So
following factors should be considered to assess the impact:

i. Livelihood and Income level

o Influence individuals' quality of life, economic stability, and social well-being.
ii. Occupational characteristics
o Development projects often results in both loss of employment as well as
generation of employment.
iii. Land use pattern
o Agricultural land use/ Cropping patterns impact food production and security.
iv. Nutritional status
o Healthy, well-nourished population is crucial for sustainable growth and
development.
v. Health and sanitation issues
o The availability and accessibility of healthcare and sanitation services for
relocated populations.
vi. Tribal and indigenous people
o Changes in cultural dynamics and traditions within affected communities can
result from relocation.
vii. Women’s activities
o Economic empowerment of women reduces poverty levels by diversifying income
sources and stabilizing household economies.
viii. Education and literacy
o Education enables upward social mobility, helping individuals to improve their
socio-economic status.
ix. Transport and communication
o Efficient transportation and communication systems reduce costs and increase
efficiency in trade and business operations
x. Utility Services
o Major infrastructure often cause disruption in utility services (water supply,
drainage, sanitation, electricity and gas supply).
 Chapter 7 & 8: MITIGATION OF RESETTLEMENT & OTHER IMPACTS

Question 05: Land acquisition, relocation & resettlement related Project এর negative impacts
mitigate িরে? (20 marks)

There are several action plans to avoid or minimize social adverse effects from the project.
Identification & Design of different action plan & development of policy framework is necessary
to mitigate the negative impacts. Some key mitigation measures are:

i. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

✓ Prepared to address & mitigate the adverse impact on lives & livelihood of the affected
persons due to acquisition/requisition of lands.
✓ Based on major components of construction.
Resettlement policy framework has been designed to, (Policy & Principles)
o cover all affected persons/households irrespective of titles to land
o compensate for lost assets
o restore or enhance the livelihoods of all categories of affected persons.
ii. Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP)
o To improve/restore the livelihood of all affected people
o Two-fold Approach-
i. Short Term
✓ Cash Assistance
✓ Reestablishment
✓ Employment
✓ Plantation
✓ Special assistance to vulnerable group
ii. Long Term; Development of
✓ Agriculture & Fisheries
✓ River Based opportunity
✓ Cage Culture
✓ Occupational training
✓ Nakshi Katha
✓ Tourism
iii. Public Health Action Plan (PHAP)
o Main Targets,
i. Relocated Households
ii. General Public
iii. Construction workers
o Activities
✓ `Set up of Health facility & services in 4 RS & 2 service areas
✓ Appropriate measures to minimize adverse effect of public Health
✓ Set up of medical facility for construction worker
✓ Implementation of specific “Occupational Health Safety” measures
iv. Gender Action Plan (GAP) -Implemented by NGOs/institution hired by Projects
implementation contracts
o Increasing Participation of Women
o Maximizing Women’s access & skill
o Reducing Women’s social vulnerability

Shortcut: Pass V
 v. Public Consultation Plan (PCP)
o Establishment of Public information center
o Public disclosure of Project related documents (translated into Bangla & made
available)
o Regularly scheduled project update workshops
o Special orientation & consultation sessions
Shortcut: Information update for consultation disclosure
Chapter 9: MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN

Implementation:
✓ Executing agency will implement the SAP (Social Action Plan) components
✓ Resettlement Unit will be responsible for Successful Implementation of SAP on behalf of
Executing Agency.

Monitoring & Evaluation:

✓ Executing Agency will carry out internal M&E of RAP implementation

✓ Independent External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will carry out independent M&E
Management Roles:
i. Role of the Executive Director (ED)
o Overall; policy, administrative and financial decisions and actions
ii. Role of the Project Director (PD)
o Chief executive overseeing policy, administration, and financial decisions
iii. RU – Role of the Superintending Engineer (SE) Resettlement
o Heads the Resettlement Unit, responsible for executing tasks assigned by the
ED/PD,
o Negotiating and deploying NGOs, and
o Closely monitoring implementation.
iv. Role of Executive Engineer-Resettlement
o Leads field-level implementation of resettlement operations within the
Resettlement Unit.
v. Functions and powers of Assistant Engineer – Resettlement
o Supervises, monitors, and evaluates training programs conducted by NGOs.
vi. Functions of Sub-Assistant Engineers
o Contact and supervise resettlement workers through INGOs. (Independent
NGOs)
Types of Monitoring & Evaluation:

i. Internal Monitoring (Will be carried out by PD through Deputy Director)

ii. External Monitoring (Independently)
iii. M&E by the panel of Expert
iv. M&E by co-financiers
Methodology of M&E:

i. Sample household survey

ii. Focused Group Discussions
iii. Key informant interviews
iv. Community public meetings
 v. Structured direct observations
vi. Informal surveys/interviews
Same as Chapter 3.

Chapter 10: INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT

Not described explicitly in the slides. Some institutional arrangements are depicted in
flowcharts, but they don't appear to be important enough to memorize.

Chapter 11: GRIEVANCE REDRESS

Objective of Grievance Redress Committee (GRC):

i. To deal with resettlement related disputes &
ii. To make the project accountable to affected people.

Tiers of GRC Composition Terms of Reference

Convener: Executive Engineer Review, Consider & Resolve
Member Secretary: Representative of grievance related to
INGO social/resettlement &
Local Level GRC
Member: Chairman (UP), Female environmental mitigation
Member (Ward/UP), Representative of
Women APs
Chair Person: Retired District Review, Consider & Settle
Judge/Senior Professor of Law unsolved grievance forwarded
Project Level GRC
Member Secretary: Head of RU by Local GRCs
Member: Representative of Civil Society

Chapter 12: COST ESTIMATION

Covered Aspects:
i. Financial assistance to affected people: through,
o Payment compensation
o Relocation Site
o Implementation of ILRP, PHAP, GAP, PCP
ii. Institutional & Implementation Arrangements cost;

Question 06: Mitigation measures implement িরার জবনয policy framework propose িরবে হবে।
Considering (i) Institutional aspect (ii)Monitoring requirement (iii)Grievance redress mechanism.
(15/20 marks)

Resettlement Policy Framework:

i. Depends on national laws and the policy principles
ii. Depends on Safeguard policies and guidelines of the co-financiers

1. Replacement value of land and other assets before relocation

2. Compensated at replacement costs
o Owners of residential/commercial units
o Renters/leaseholders (due to loss of income or dislocation)
3. Replacement of community structures or physical cultural resources
4. Assistance to re-establish lost assets
5. Identification of the needs of women and vulnerable groups (provisions, employment and
means of subsistence to improve their status/livelihoods)
6. Resettlement of Sites with civic amenities
7. Assistance to PAPs and business-owners/operators – both directly and indirectly affected –
in all aspects. (By Executing Agency)
8. Guidance, supervision and monitoring of land acquisition, compensation payment, and
resettlement of the PAPs, including grievance redress by Executing Agency.
9. Assurance of participation, and speedy out-of-court settlement of as many disputes as
possible by Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs)
10. Independent third-party monitoring by an external monitoring agency

Disclosure, Consultation and Participation:

1. RAPs will be implemented in close consultation.

2. Resettlement information brochure (made available in Bangla)
3. RAPs will be translated into Bangla and will also be disclosed.
Income and Livelihood Restoration:

1. Preference for employment.

2. Establishment of a Social Development Fund (SDF) to support income-generating activities.
3. Implementation over a 10-year period from the date of displacement.
Implementation Arrangements:
1. The RAPs and the ILRP will be implemented by NGOs.
2. Supervision: Resettlement Unit in Executing Agency

Extra

Resettlement policy and principles:

Resettlement policy framework has been designed to

i. cover all affected persons/households irrespective of titles to land

ii. compensate for lost assets
iii. restore or enhance the livelihoods of all categories of affected persons.

Eligibility criteria:
i. Compensation boundary:
o Project right-of-way land proposed for acquisition
ii. What are within the project right-of-way land
o Determined by Census survey and satellite images
iii. Cut-off date
o Eligibility for compensation and resettlement assistance will be limited by a cut-off
date (COD).
Valuation of assets:

Who deals?
i. Ministry of Land
ii. Commissioner/ Deputy Commissioner
iii. Property Valuation Advisory Committee
Calculation of the Market Value
i. Registrar (land)
ii. Public Works Department (structures)
iii. Divisional Forest Offices (for trees)
iv. Department of Agricultural (Crops)
v. Department of Fisheries (for fish stock)

Replacement Value is determined by- PVAC (independent) + Representative of Executing Agency

+ Concerned DC Office + Upazia+ PWD

PHASES OF PROJECT CYCLE

Goals of Development Projects:

i. Increase GNI
ii. Poverty reduction and employment (direct or indirect)
iii. Improve public health (direct or indirect)
iv. Capacity development (knowledge, education, training)
v. Access to resources (education, finance)
Important considerations in development projects:
i. Whether economic growth will be achieved?
ii. How appropriate technology will be adopted?
iii. Whether basic needs will be addressed?
iv. How community participation and empowerment will be realized?
v. How capacity building and institutional development will lead to better quality of life?
Characteristics of Development Projects:
i. Spent in expectation of specific returns
ii. Specific activity with starting & end point.
iii. Well Defined Sequence of Investment
iv. Important means to realize the plans identified in expenditure.
v. Sound Development plan & good projects are interdependent.
 Assigned Projects of PKS & Executing Authority
(No Need to Memorize)
i. Matarbari Port Access Road Development Project
o Executing Authority: Roads and Highways Department (RHD)
ii. Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Project (Line-5)
o Executing Authority: Dhaka Mass Transit Company Ltd. (DMTCL)
iii. Bangladesh Rural Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Human Capital Development
Project
o Executing Authority: Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE)
iv. Emergency Multi-Sector Rohingya Crisis Response Project
o Executing Authority: Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief
v. Grid Substations and Transmission Lines Project
o Executing Authority: Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. (PGCB)
vi. Payra Port Project
o Executing Authority: Payra Port Authority (PPA)
vii. Dhaka Airport Terminal-3 Expansion Project
o Executing Authority: Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB)
viii. Greater Dhaka Sustainable Urban Transport Project
o Executing Authority: Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA)
ix. Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Project
o Executing Authority: Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA)
x. Dhaka City Neighborhood Upgrading Project
o Executing Authority: Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)
xi. Japanese Economic Zone
o Executing Authority: Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (BEZA)
xii. Expansion and Strengthening of Power System Network Project under Chittagong
Area
o Executing Authority: Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)
xiii. Improving Connectivity and Destination Infrastructure for Subregional Tourism
Development – Bangladesh Heritage Highway Sub-Project
o Executing Authority: Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation (BPC)
xiv. Padma Rail Link Project
o Executing Authority: Bangladesh Railway
xv. Matarbari 2x600 MW Coal Fired Power Project
o Executing Authority: Coal Power Generation Company Bangladesh Limited (CPGCBL)
xvi. Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Project (Line-1)
o Executing Authority: Dhaka Mass Transit Company Ltd. (DMTCL)
xvii. Western Economic Corridor and Regional Enhancement Program (WeCARE)
o Executing Authority: Roads and Highways Department (RHD)
xviii. Mirsharai Economic Zone, Phase 2
o Executing Authority: Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (BEZA)
xix. Higher Education Acceleration and Transformation Project
o Executing Authority: University Grants Commission (UGC)
xx. Municipal Water Supply and Sanitation Project
o Executing Authority: Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE)
xxi. Regional Inland Water Transport Project
o Executing Authority: Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (BIWTA)