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MTH 111 Algebra and Number Theory Guide

Mathematics

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
884 views10 pages

MTH 111 Algebra and Number Theory Guide

Mathematics

Uploaded by

Vïçk Ärry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MATHEMATICSN OBJECTIVES QUESTION MTH 111

1. A set A={a,b,c,d} and B={1,2,3,4} when n(A)=n(B)=4 the set is known as EQUIVALENT SET

2. Aset is said to be disjoint if they _______ in common NO ELEMENT

3. Two set A={all even numbers} and B={all odd number} is called a DISJOINT SET

4. If two set A={1,2,3,4,5} and B={4,5,6,7,8} is said to be a UNION SET when (AuB)= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}

5. Which of this is the intersection of the set A={1,2,3,4,5} and B={4,5,6,7,8} when (AnB) (a)
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} (b) {4,5} (c) {4,5,6,7,8}

6. A universal set consist of all_____ POSSIBLE ELEMENTS

7. -4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2 are all _____ INTEGERS NUMBERS

8. 1/3, 10/3,1/9 are all IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

9. 5,-4,1/3,0,0.33,0.2,2.5 are all real numbers

10. 2+3i, 3i+4, 5i are all COMPLEX NUMBERS

11. find the octave number of 35

(3x8¹)+(1×8⁰)

=(3×8)+(1×1)

=(24+1)

=25

Use this to answer question 12-14

U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

A={2,4,6,8,10}

B={1,3,5,7,9}

12. Find (AnB)

(AnB)= { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

13. Find (AuB)

(AuB)= {0}
14. Find the (AnB)c

(AnB)c={0}

15. Find (pxQ) if;

P={1,3,8,9}

Q={2,4,5,6,7}

(PxQ)= {(1,2) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6) (1,7) (3,2) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6) (3,7) (8,2) (8,4) (8,5) (8,6) (8,7) (9,2) (9,4) (9,5)
(9,6) (9,7)}

16. How many elements are present if set U={C,D,E} and set V={2,4,6} (UxV)

(UxV)= {(C,2) (C,4) (C,6) (D,2) (D,4) (D,6) (E,2) (E,4) (E,6)}

There are nine elements in set (UxV)

17. A relation is called equivalent if it satisfies (TRANSITIVE, REFLEXIVE,SYMMERTRIC


PROPERTIES)

18. Find the nth term of the sequence 3,6,9,12,15,18.

Tn=a+(n-1)d

T2-T1 T4-T3

6-3 12-9

d=3 d=3

Tn= a+(n-1)d

Tn = 3+(n-1)3

Tn = 3 +3n-3

Tn = 3-3+3n

Tn = 0+3n

Tn = 3n

19. Find the 12th term if the first term of an A.P is 2 and the 6th term is 22

a=2 d=?

Tn= a+(n-1) d

T6 = a+(6-1)d
T6= a+5d

2+5d=22

collect like terms

5d=22-2

5d=20

divide through by 5

5d/5 = 20/5

d=4

to find the 12th term

Tn = a+(n-1)d

T12 = 2 + (12-1)4

= 2+(11)4

=2+44

=46

20. If the 3rd term of an A.P is 14 and the 6th term is 29 Find the 10th term of the sequence

Tn = a+(n-1)d

Tn =a+(3-1)d

a+2d=14---------(1)

Tn = a+(6-1)d

a+5d = 29------(2)

USING ELIMINATION METHOD

Subtract eqn (2) from eqn(1)

(a-a) (5d-2d) = (29-14)

3d=15

divide through by 3

3d/3 =15/3
d=5--------(3)

put eqn (3) into eqn (1)

a + 2d=14

a+2(5)=14

a+10=14

collect like terms

a=14-10

a=4

T10=a+(n-1)d

= 4+(10-1)5

=4+9(5)

=4+45

T10=49

21. Find the general term for 3,9,27,81.

a=3 r=3

3/9 =27/9=81/27

3=3=3

22. Given a quadratic equation 2x²+5x+3

2x²+2x+3x+3

(2x²+2x) (3x+3)

2x(x+1) 3(x+1)

(2x+3)(x+1)

(2x+3)(x+1)=0

(2x+3)=0 (x+1)=0

2x=-3 x=-1

x=-3/2 x=-1
23. Find the binary number of 35

2 35

2 17 R 1

2 8R1

2 4R1

2 2R1

2 1R1

0 R1

3510=100112

24. Change 2110 to base 2

2 21

2 10 R1

2 5R1

2 2R1

2 1R0

0R1

2110= 10102

25. Change 111010 from base 10 to base 2

111010=(1×2⁵)+ (1×2⁴) +(1×2³)+ (0×2²) +(1×2¹) +(0×2⁰)

= (1×32)+(1×16)+(1×8)+(0×4)+(1×2)+ (0×1)

=32+16+8+0+2+0

=58

[Link] the coefficient of x² in the expansion of (2x-1)(3x+4)(5x-6)


(2x-1)(3x+4)(5x-6)

2x(3x+4) -1(3x+4)(5x-6)

(6x²+8x-3x-4)(5x-6)

(6x²+5x-4)(5x-6)

5x(6x²+5x-4) -6(6x²+5x-4)

30x³+25x²-20x-36x²-30x+24

Collect like terms

30x³+25x²-36x²-20x-30x+24

30x³-11x²-50x+24

X²= -11

27. Evaluate tan45⁰+cos60⁰/Sin150⁰

Tan 45⁰=1

Cos 60⁰=1/2

Sin150⁰=(180⁰-150⁰)=30⁰=1/2

tan45⁰+cos60⁰/Sin150⁰ =1+1/2 /1/2

3/2 /1/2=3/2×2/1

=3

28. Express 235⁰ in radian

1⁰=π/180 radian

235⁰=235×π/180

π=235×3•142/180

738•37/180

=4•1 radian.

29. Expand using pascal triangle (1+x)⁶

(1+x)⁶

The coefficient of (1+x)⁶ are given in the sixth row of pascal triangles i.e (1,6,15,20,15,6,1)
(1+x)⁶=x+x²+x³+x⁴+x⁵+x⁶

=1+6x+15x²+20x³+15x⁴+6x⁵+x⁶

30. Factorize x²-6x+8

X²-4x-2x+8=0

(x²-4x)(-2x+8)=0

x(x-4) -2(x-4)=0

(x-2)(x-4)=0

(x-2)=0 (x-4)=0

x=2 or x=4

31. 5C2

=5!/(5-2)2!

5×4×3×3×2/(3)2!

5×4×3×2×1/3×2×1. 2×1

5×4/2×1

20/2

=10

32. Solve the equation using the almighty formula 4x²+7x-3

a=4 b=7 c=-2

x=-b +_√b²-4ac/2a

x=-b +_ √(7)²-4(4)(-2)/2(4)

x=-7+_√49-4(-8)/8

x=-7+_√49+32/8

x=-7+_√81/8

=-7+_9/8

=-7+9/8 or +7-9/8

x=2/8 or x=-16/8
x=1/4 or x=-2

33. Express the angles degree, minute and seconds

11•0133=11+0.0133⁰

=11⁰+(0•0133×60)¹

=11⁰+(0+0•798)¹

=11⁰+(0)¹+(0•798×60)

=11⁰+0¹+47•88

11•0133⁰=11⁰ 0¹ 47•88

Or

11⁰ 0¹ 48¹¹

34. Evaluate 6C3

6!/(6-3)!3!

6×5×4×3×3×1/3×2×1(3!)

6×5×4/3×2×1

=120/6

=20

35. Evaluate 4C4

=4!/(4-4)!4!

=4×3×2×1/0×4×3×2×1

=1

36. Evaluate 7!

7×6×5×4×3×3×1

=5040

37. Evaluate 8!/3!

8×7×6×5×4×3×2×1/3×2×1

8×7×6×5×4
=6720

38. Evaluate x²-4x-21

a=1 b=-4 c=21

x=-b +_√b²-4ac/2a

x= -(-4)+_√(-4)²-4(1)(-21)/2(1)

x=- (-4)+_√16-4(-21)/2

x=4+_√16+84/2

x=4+_√100/2

x=4+10/2 or x=4-10/2

x=14/2 or x=-6/2

x=7 or x=-3

39. Divide x²+7x+12 by x-3

x+7x+12

x-3 √x³+4x²-9x-36

x+3x

7x²-9x-36

-7x²+21x

12x-36

12x-36

0. 0

x³+4x²-9x-36/x-3= x+7x+12

[Link] quadratic formula evaluate x²+6x+8

a=1 b=6 c=8

x=-b+_√b²-4ac/2a

x=-(6)+_√(6)²-4(1)(8)/2(1)
x=-6+_√36-32/2

x=6+√4/2 or x=6-√4/2

x=6+2/2 or x=6-2/2

x=6+1 or x=6-1

x=7 or x=5

ACADEMIC UNIT

Common questions

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A relation is called equivalent if it satisfies the transitive, reflexive, and symmetric properties .

Pascal's Triangle provides the coefficients for binomial expansion. For (1+x)⁶, the coefficients are 1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1, which correspond to the 6th row of Pascal’s Triangle. The expansion result is 1 + 6x + 15x² + 20x³ + 15x⁴ + 6x⁵ + x⁶ .

To calculate 6C3, use the formula nCk = n! / (k!(n-k)!), which yields 6! / (3!(6-3)!) = (6×5×4)/(3×2×1) = 20. This represents the number of ways to choose 3 items from a set of 6 without regard to order .

The union of two sets includes all elements that are in either set or both. For example, if A = {1,2,3,4,5} and B = {4,5,6,7,8}, then the union A ∪ B is {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} .

To convert degrees to radians, multiply the degree value by π/180. For 358 degrees, the conversion is 358 × π/180, which simplifies to approximately 3.589 radians after evaluating π .

To find the nth term of an arithmetic sequence, use the formula Tn = a + (n - 1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference. For this sequence, a = 3 and d = 3, so Tn = 3 + (n - 1)3 = 3n .

Start by expanding two of the binomials, such as (2x-1)(3x+4) to get 6x² + 8x - 3x - 4, which simplifies to 6x² + 5x - 4. Multiply by the third binomial: (6x² + 5x - 4)(5x-6) to get the fully expanded expression: 30x³ + 25x² - 20x - 36x² - 30x + 24. Combining like terms produces the final form: 30x³ - 11x² - 50x + 24 .

To convert the number 35 to binary, divide the number by 2 repeatedly and record the remainders. For 35: it divides to 17 remainder 1, 8 remainder 1, 4 remainder 0, 2 remainder 0, 1 remainder 1, and 0 remainder 1. Reading the remainders from bottom to top, the binary representation is 100011 .

First, express the quadratic as a sum of terms: 2x² + 2x + 3x + 3, and then group terms: (2x² + 2x) + (3x + 3). Factor to get 2x(x+1) + 3(x+1). The complete factorization is (2x+3)(x+1).

Factorizing x² - 6x + 8 involves splitting the middle term such that it equals the product of the constant term and the leading coefficient. Thus, x² - 6x + 8 becomes (x - 4)(x - 2).

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