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Topic 1 :Website
Creating a Web Site
● HTML
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) refer to a coding language that create web pages. The language is
recognized by browser programs such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Apple Safari, and Mozilla
Firefox. A web page is created when valid codes and contents are properly filled and arranged in a text editing
program like Notepad program and save the file as an HTML document.
● Web Editing Programs
Many applications help in creating web pages without knowledge of HTML code required. From a blank page
provided, filling in contents, clicking several buttons, with your design and imagination, the web page can be created
easily.
Examples of the programs are for examples; Adobe DreamWeaver, Microsoft Expression Studio, NetObjects Fusion,
CoffeeCup HTML Editor, Web Designer, Contribute, Namo WebEditor, and Trellian WebPage.
(The 10 Best Windows Web Editing Suites / Edit HTML and Graphics in One Suite
by Jennifer Kyrnin ­ [Link]
● Website Builder Tools and Services
Many web hosting companies offer website builders as tools to help constructing, designing and organizing your
website without complicate computer code knowledge required.
Paid services are [Link], [Link], [Link], and etc.
Free services are [Link], [Link], [Link], and etc.

Domain
1. Domain Extension
● .COM (Commercial) – Generally intended for commercial use. By far the most recognized domain name
extension.
● .NET (Network) – This was originally intended for network oriented sites such as internet service
providers. This definitely isn’t the case any longer. People will register .NET domains for commercial use,
generally if the .COM extension isn’t available or if they’d like to protect their main .COM domain by
registering all available extensions.
● .ORG (Organization) – This domain extension was originally intended for non­profit or trade organizations.
Again, this is no longer the case and is generally registered by anyone looking to protect their main domain
by registering all available domain extensions or simply because a better extension isn’t available for
registration.
● .BIZ (Business) – This is a gTLD that is generally registered to classify their website as a business.
Although it’s not a commonly recognized extension, I feel that it’s a great alternative if the .COM extension
isn’t available.
● .INFO (Informational) – This gTLD is generally used as an extension for informational websites. I believe
that other than .COM, .NET & .ORG, it’s the most popular domain extension used. If you are developing an
informational website it’s definitely a domain extension that I’d register.
● .MOBI (Mobile) – This domain extension, as of this writing, is fairly new. Although majority of the domain
name owners registered their domain name with the .MOBI domain name to protect their brand, it is
primarily reserved for website built for displaying on mobile devices.
● .TV (Television) – In my opinion it’s used primarily for media, primarily video, related websites.
● .WS (Website) – This is actually a ccTLD for Western Samoa but was converted to a domain extension
commonly used as an acronym for ‘website’. Although it seems that it would be a great extension I don’t
feel that it really ever took off and you can find very good domains available with the .WS extension.
● .ME (ME) – This is the newest domain, as of this writing. It was originally the ccTLD of Montenegro but
would generally be used for personal related websites such as family websites or blogs another option
would be to pose your resume or even artwork that you may have done. The other use would be to create
a very memorable personal email address.
● .NAME (NAME) – This is a gTLD that’s intended for personal use. You’ll find that this extension is used for
personal / family websites or simply used for name related email addresses.
● .CA (Canada) – This is a ccTLD that is generally reserved for Canadian based businesses.
● .[Link] (United Kingdom) – This country code domain is generally reserved for commercial related
websites based in the United Kingdom. Although it’s not restricted to just UK based business, I see very
little value in registering the domain extension unless you plan on doing some sort of business in the UK.
● .CN (China) – This is the ccTLD for China. This domain is not restricted to companies based in China and
can basically be registered by anyone that would like a .CN extension.
(Source: [Link]
● More Domain Extensions
○ .GO / .GOV = Government
○ .AC / .EDU = Academic
○ .MI / .MIL = Military
○ .XXX = Adult Content
○ .ASIA = Companies and individuals to show a presence in the Asia/Pacific region.
○ .TEL transforms the way businesses and individuals communicate and stay in touch.
■ Store your data
.TEL acts as a warehouse for all of your contact information. You can store, update, and publish

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all your contact information, Web links, and keywords directly to the Internet under your own
unique domain name.
■ Protect your privacy.
.TEL site lets you control what information is publicly viewable and what is private.
■ Share your site.
Share your .TEL address with a friend or business contact and they'll instantly have access to all
your contact information.
■ Be accessible from anywhere!
.TEL site is accessible from any Internet­enabled device including traditional cell phones,
Blackberrys, iPhones, PDAs, computers, and more.
■ No website needed.
Don't have to design, host, or manage a Website in order to create your [Link] site.
(Source: [Link])

○ .ES = Spain represents one of the largest markets in Europe and the entire Spanish speaking world.
Connect with Spanish residents and Spanish speaking communities that are looking for your products
or services. Target Spanish speaking consumers who are more likely to visit a .ES site than a regular
.COM.
(Source: [Link])
● All domain extensions are availabled at [Link]

2. Domain Name
A domain name is website name and address, and a way of identifying websites on the Internet in a user­friendly
manner. Without domain names, web addresses would be just a bunch of numbers, making navigating the web a lot
harder.

Tips and Tricks

A domain name is also your online identity, it can say a lot about you or your business. Here are tips and tricks to
choosing wisely:
1. Easy to communicate
How easily can your domain name be communicated? Something random like [Link] for an online
clothing store might appear catchy on the surface, however people may hear it, read it and type it incorrectly.
Remember also that numbers and abbreviations may be confusing: 4/four and U/you ­ would your potential
visitors find you?
2. Keyword relevance
The advantage of having an obvious domain name that is relevant to your website's topic, is that it may help
people find your website through keyword searches on Google and other search engines. Think of the keywords
that best describe your website content, business or products ­ how would you search for your website?
For example: [Link] is more likely to appear in searches for clothing stores, than just
[Link].
3. Specific industries & niche markets
If your website is focused on a specific or niche area, it's a good idea to give extra consideration to including the
keyword somewhere in your domain name. For example, a tyre shop called 'Turbo' ­ should think about using
[Link].
4. Memorability
Choosing a domain that is fairly intuitive will also help people remember your website. Now what's the name of
that website that sells last minute holidays again?
5. Target locations
If your target market is local, consider adding your town name, e.g. [Link] as this may help local
customers find your website quicker on search engines.
6. Symbols & punctuation!
The domain naming system does not allow symbols and punctuation within the part of the domain name that
comes before the .com or other extensions ­ apart from a hyphen.
7. The long and short of it
[Link]? The longest domain name you can
register is 63 characters long... try and keep your domain name as short and straight to the point as possible.
Did you know the most common length of new domain registrations is 9­10 characters? This trend has remained
constant over recent years. (Source: Verisign 2002 ­ 2011 figures)
(Source: [Link]

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Topic 2 : Wireless Connection

Mobile Generations (1G ­ 4G)
Mobile generations are the standard of worldwide telecommunication technology that are set by an agency of the United
Nations (UN) called the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
● First Generation(1G) (Year 1980s)
In the 1980’s, the first generation of wireless telephone technology and mobile telecommunications was introduced.
1G networks used analog signals for voice calls only. The first commercially available cellular network using 1G
standard was introduced by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan. Early analog cell phones were
basically simple radio systems that had no in­built security features and were subsequently open for anyone to listen
into with simple radio equipment.
● Second Generation (2G) (Year 1991)
2G was commercially launched for the GSM standard in 1991 by Radiolinja, currently known as Elisa Oyj, in Finland.
2G allowed for enhanced data services and also introduced short messaging service (SMS). Since the introduction
of 2G, voice communications were digitally encrypted. This allowed for greater privacy, efficient data transfer and
also less expensive equipment.
2.5G, the combined introduction of GPRS and the usage of CDMAone networks provided data transfer rates from 56
­ 115 kbits/s. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and Multimedia Messaging (MMS) were introduced.
2.75G was the name given to the evolution of Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE or EGPRS). Data
transfer rate was up to 236.8 kbits/s.
● Third Generation (3G) (Year 2001)
3G was introduced by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. 3G uses completely different radio frequencies from 2G, so it requires
different equipment to achieve the new high data transfer rates. It allows for previously unavailable services like
video calls, video conferencing, online conference call, mobile TV, online gaming etc. Along with these services, 3G
provides greater security and privacy. 3.5g and 3.75G standards allowed for higher data transfer rates at about 14
Mbits/s.
● Fourth Generation (4G)
4G, also known as fourth generation wireless communications or Long term Evolution (LTE), is a massive step
forward for both operators and customers, promising faster download and access speeds, and more reliable
mobile services.
Today’s LTE networks are able to provide speeds up to 100Mbps. However user experience may vary depending on
location and present network load. The technology allows for speeds more than 300Mbps and Ericsson has
already demonstrated the next step of LTE at the MWC 2010 with speeds up to 1.2Gbps. Live measurements in
north of Stockholm in June 2011 gave speeds above 1Gbps.
The impact of 4G could be far reaching for business. Enhanced network bandwidth and throughput capabilities will
not only ensure that the service is faster, but also more reliable. Users will feel secure that their mobile devices
will perform when and where they’re required to, with network failures due to bandwidth overload consigned to
the past.
This improved performance will transform mobile devices in terms of overall capabilities and increase their use case
from a business perspective, enabling new ways of working.
4G has significant implications for the cloud. As more businesses seek to save costs by migrating to a
software­as­a­service model, having faster access to applications and files while on the move is one of the most
significant business benefits 4G will deliver.
Using 4G­enhanced mobile devices that can fulfil many of the roles normally performed by a desktop PC will not only
provide employees with the ability to access back office applications on the move, but also support flexible
working strategies. Empowering employees to maximise their time without being chained to a computer will
benefit business greatly in terms of productivity and responsiveness.
4G will also have an impact from an application development perspective. As 4G is designed to handle more
bandwidth­intensive services, the apps themselves can start to become more ‘heavyweight’ in terms of the value
they deliver and functionality they enable. By providing faster access to more data and having to cut corners
less, employees will benefit from using apps that deliver a greater in­office experience in the palm of their hand.
By significantly accelerating the user experience and providing faster, more reliable access to content, services and
business focused­apps, 4G could cause a revolution in enterprise mobility, fundamentally altering day­to­day
operations.
However, in the rush to take advantage of 4G, businesses need to carefully consider how they are going to
incorporate it into their existing enterprise mobility strategies. Regardless of the advantages that 4G brings, apps
still need to be designed with the mobile user in mind, taking into account factors such as the small screen size
of the average smartphone and the realities of working on the move. And as more members of the workforce
demand the ability to access back office applications on their mobile devices, companies need to think about
how these apps are delivered, managed and maintained in a manner that’s consistent across the enterprise.
Sources:
­ [Link]
­ [Link]
­ [Link]
­ [Link]

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Wi­Fi
Wi­Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high­speed Internet
and network connections. A common misconception is that the term Wi­Fi is short for "wireless fidelity," however this is not the
case. Wi­Fi is simply a trademarked phrase that means IEEE 802.11x.

The Wi­Fi Alliance

The Wi­Fi Alliance, the organization that owns the Wi­Fi (registered trademark) term specifically defines Wi­Fi as any
"wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE)
802.11 standards."

Wi­Fi Certified
● Wi­Fi Direct
Wi­Fi CERTIFIED Wi­Fi Direct® is a certification mark for devices supporting a technology that enables Wi­Fi devices
to connect directly, making it simple and convenient to do things like print, share, sync and display. Products bearing
the Wi­Fi Direct certification mark can connect to one another without joining a traditional home, office or hotspot
network.
Mobile phones, cameras, printers, PCs, and gaming devices connect to each other directly to transfer content and
share applications quickly and easily. Devices can make a one­to­one connection, or a group of several devices can
connect simultaneously. Connecting Wi­Fi Direct­certified devices is easy and simple, in many cases only requiring
the push of a button. Moreover, all Wi­Fi Direct connections are protected by WPA2™, the latest Wi­Fi security
technology. With Wi­Fi Direct, you do not need an access point or internet connection – your personal Wi­Fi network
goes with you wherever you go.
● Wi­Fi Miracast
Consumers have embraced multimedia content on their devices. From video streaming and photo sharing to a world
of apps, smartphones, tablets, and TVs are connecting and keeping us entertained. However, the content is often
trapped on a single device, limiting the ability to view your entertainment where you want.
Wi­Fi CERTIFIED Miracast® is a groundbreaking solution for seamlessly displaying multimedia between devices,
without cables or a network connection. Users can do things like view pictures from a smartphone on a big screen
television, share a laptop screen with the conference room projector in real­time, and watch live programs from a
home cable box on a tablet. Miracast connections are formed using Wi­Fi CERTIFIED Wi­Fi Direct®, so access to a
Wi­Fi® network is not needed – the ability to connect is inside Miracast­certified devices.
● Wi­Fi n (802.11n)
○ Plenty of throughput for content­rich and bandwidth­hungry applications, like music, gaming and video
○ Network intelligence to help ensure your multimedia content looks and sounds great
○ Blanket the whole home in a strong Wi­Fi signal
○ Dramatically reduce "dead spots"
○ Support for many users without sacrificing signal strength
○ A "fat pipe" lets everyone connect at the same time and still enjoy applications like digital music, streaming video,
and online gaming
○ 802.11n is an IEEE industry standard for Wi­Fi wireless local network communications, ratified in 2009. 802.11n
is designed to replace the older 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g Wi­Fi technologies.
○ 802.11n connections support maximum theoretical network bandwidth up to 300 Mbps depending primarily on the
number of wireless radios incorporated into devices.
● Wi­Fi ac (802.11ac)
Wi­Fi CERTIFIED ac builds on the high­performance foundation of Wi­Fi CERTIFIED n and operates in 5 GHz, where
devices can make use of increased bandwidth to achieve a higher data rate. Most Wi­Fi CERTIFIED ac products are
dual­band, operating in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, and support Wi­Fi CERTIFIED n in the 2.4 GHz
frequency band.
Wi­Fi CERTIFIED™ ac is the latest generation of Wi­Fi which delivers up to gigabit per second data rates, enabling
devices to handle demanding applications such as Ultra HD and 4K video, multimedia streaming and rapid file
transfer on tablets, gaming devices, handsets and many other devices. Based on IEEE 802.11ac, Wi­Fi CERTIFIED
ac devices offer higher capacity, improved power management, and lower latency to readily handle today’s
demanding applications while paving the way for new products and services at home, in public places, and in
enterprise networks alike.

Sources:
­ [Link]
­ [Link]
­ [Link]

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Topic 3 : Software for Mobile Devices

Mobile Operating Systems
The operating systems were designed to run on desktop or laptop computers. Mobile devices such as phones, tablet
computers, and mp3 players are very different from desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating systems that are
designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone, and
Google Android.
Operating systems for mobile devices generally aren't as fully featured as those made for desktop or laptop computers,
and they aren't able to run all of the same software. However, you can still do a lot of things with them, such as watching
movies, browsing the internet, managing your calendar, playing games, and more.
● iOS = Apple
Apple makes both the hardware and the operating system for iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch, everything is designed to
work together. So apps take full advantage of hardware features such as the processor, accelerated graphics, wireless
antennas, and more. Apple gives third­party developers a rich set of tools and APIs to create apps and games that take
advantage of the technology inside every iOS device. With all those apps in one place, they’re easy to access, easy to search,
and easy to buy using the same account you use for iTunes. Just browse the App Store on your iOS device and download them
with a tap.
Apple's App Store is known for being a walled garden where apps are vetted before they are allowed entry into the App
Store. The process is not flawless, though, with researchers from Georgia Tech last year showing how an innocuous app with
hidden malware­type code could slip through Apple's app approval system. Once a malicious app is identified in the App Store,
Apple has in the past taken steps to remove the app, but the exact process by which an app is removed is not known. In an
earlier example, Apple quickly pulled a Russian SMS app that quietly scrapped address book contacts and sent them to the
developer's server.
● Android = Google
Android powers devices from some of the best phone and tablet makers in the world, like Samsung, HTC, LG, Motorola,
Sony, Asus, and more. Android devices comes in all shapes and sizes, with vibrant high­resolution displays and cameras,
giving you the flexibility to choose the one that’s just right for you. With smartphones and tablets at every possible price point,
and support for physical and virtual keyboards, there’s an Android device for everyone, and since it's made by Google, it works
seamlessly with all Google apps. Each Android release is named after something sweet, like the latest version, KitKat.
With millions of apps, games, songs, and videos on Google Play, Android is great for fun, and for getting things done.
Google Play is the easiest way to enjoy all your favorites: more than 700,000 apps and games, millions of songs, thousands of
movies and TV shows, the world's largest collection of eBooks, and a growing selection of magazines. With Google Play,
there's no wires, no hassle, just pure entertainment. You can now read, listen and watch anywhere you want—on your tablet,
phone, or in any browser at [Link].

Mobile App
An "app" is just short for "application." While it can mean any piece of computer software that helps you with a specific task
­­ what you'd probably just call a "program" on your laptop or desktop computer ­­ when it's on something mobile, it's an app.
Games, programs that let you watch TV shows, weather trackers ... they're all apps.
People who would never dream of downloading an email attachment from a stranger buy apps without considering the
possible consequences. Some apps are malicious ­­ they contain viruses, worms, malware or some other way of harming you.
They might steal things like your personal information, others' contact information, or passwords and share them with others.
There are steps you can take to avoid downloading a malicious app.
1. Download security software ­ to scan your apps for anything that looks suspicious, but you can also find ones that
enable you to locate your phone or even wipe its data remotely if it gets lost or stolen, or perform data backups. You might not
be able to find one that does everything you want for free, but most of them aren't more than $40 per year
2. Read reviews and articles ­ beware of fake reviews (use similar language / some developers employ people to leave
fake positive reviews to boost their sales.)
3. Evaluate developers’ profile ­ Check out their websites, other products that they offer whether they are worth to be
trusted.
4. Permissions ­ Some apps will request permission to see your location, information about the phone calls you make, or
the ability to read and write to your SD card. Carefully consider whether the app actually needs to do whatever it's asking. An
app that helps you locate restaurants nearby would need to know your location, but should an app that helps you create lists? I
say "request" but in reality, the app is telling you what it will do and it's up to you to either take it or leave it.
5. Buying apps on the App Store (iOS) or the Play Store (Android) ­ Every one in 1000 apps you buy may have had
malware for a brief period. From a statistical viewpoint researcher and security specialist F­Secure, Android does account for
97% of all mobile malware, but it comes from small, unregulated third party app stores predominantly in the Middle East and
Asia. By contrast the percentage of apps carrying malware on Google’s official Play Store was found to be just 0.1% and
F­Secure acknowledges rigorous checks mean “malware encountered there tends to have a short shelf life.” ([Link])

Mobile OS Market Share

In the smartphone operating system (OS) market (see Table below), Android surpassed 80 percent market share in the
third quarter of 2013, which helped extend its leading position. “However, the winner of this quarter is Microsoft which grew 123
percent. Microsoft announced the intent to acquire Nokia’s devices and services business, which we believe will unify effort and
help drive appeal of Windows ecosystem,” said Mr. Gupta. Forty­one per cent of all Android sales were in mainland China,
compared to 34 percent a year ago. Samsung is the only non­Chinese vendor in the top 10 Android players ranking in China.
Whitebox Yulong is the third largest Android vendor in China with a 9.7 percent market share in the third quarter of 2013.
Xiaomi represented 4.3 percent of Android sales in the third quarter of 2013, up from 1.4 percent a year ago.

Worldwide Smartphone Sales to End Users by Operating System in 3Q13 (Thousands of Units)

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3Q13 3Q13 Market Share 3Q12 3Q12 Market Share

Operating System
Units (%) Units (%)
Android 205,022.7 81.9 124,552.3 72.6
iOS 30,330.0 12.1 24,620.3 14.3
Microsoft 8,912.3 3.6 3,993.6 2.3
BlackBerry 4,400.7 1.8 8,946.8 5.2
Bada 633.3 0.3 4,454.7 2.6
Symbian 457.5 0.2 4,401.3 2.6
Others 475.2 0.2 683.7 0.4
Total 250,231.7 100.0 171,652.7 100.0
Source: Gartner (November 2013) ([Link]

Source:
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
you­stay­safe/
● [Link]

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Topic 4 : Social Networking Apps

Source:
­ [Link]
­ [Link]

Vine
Twitter decided to up its game in the social
networking realm. This video sharing app
allows users to make mini (micro, even)
movies and share them to a feed very
similar to Twitter’s design. It has become
hugely popular in its short life and has also
become a go­to service for launching
teaser trailers, product commercials, and
more. A person could spend hours just
watching creative 6­second clips from the
editor’s pick section. This app is available
for free.

Hangouts

Google’s social networking site may not

have the forward momentum that
Facebook has, but Google+ has a lot of
cool features that most people just don’t
take advantage of. Hangouts, for example,
lets you easily have group video chats with
others and it works better than most group
video chat services. The app lets users
have similar hangout sessions in a mobile
capacity. You can share photos, add GIFs
and animations, join Hangouts, participate
in video calls with up to 10 people, and
chat with others across platforms, including
mobile and desktop devices. This app is
available for free.

BlackBerry Messenger (BBM)

Say what you will about Blackberry, this

company is not giving up. They’ve gone
from the top seller in mobile devices to so
deep in the hole that they’ve almost been
thrown out with the trash. At the same time
that the world was turning its back on
Blackberry, the company reinvented itself,
launched a completely redesigned
operating system, and finally made it
possible for the rest of the world to
communicate with its customers. The
Blackberry Messenger app connects iOS
with Blackberry users so they can
communicate across devices without
having to worry about text message
overages. You can send chat, photos, files,
voice notes and more. This app is
available for free.

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Yonder

Social networking doesn’t have to take

place behind a desk. Sometimes, getting
out into the wilderness can be a great way
to share your common likes with others.
This app is designed to bring the outdoorsy
types together. Thanks to other social
users, find out about thousands of
locations to have an adventure. You can
upload photos and videos to share your
activities with others. Filter your searches
by rock climbing, biking, skiing, and much
more. There may be an epic journey
waiting for you right in your backyard. This
app is available for free.

Loop – Social Polling

This may seem like a silly social

networking app, but it can be really helpful.
Not only can you get great advice about
what to do or who to choose, but you don’t
even have to wait for your friends to tell
you. You can ask a bunch of strangers,
who will probably be a lot more honest
than your friends, who don’t want to hurt
your feelings. After you ask your question
and get responses, you can see the results
on a simple Infograph that shows you
statistics based on gender or age group.
This app is available for free.

WhatsApp

WhatsApp recently announceApp violated

international privacy laws.

In 2013, more activity took place on the

mobile messaging service — in June, it hit
a new milestone when it processed 27
billion messages in just one day.

WhatsApp for iOS | Android | BlackBerry |

Windows Phone | Nokia

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Line
In November, it passed 300 million
registered users and is known for its
stickers, another popular thing of 2013.

Line’s stickers feature has become so

popular that it has generated $188 million
in gross revenue in Q3 2013, alongside
other in­app purchases with its ‘connected’
games. In August, the company said that it
makes over $10 million per month just from
stickers.
With such a booming business, there are
even reports that suggest Line is preparing
for a US or Japanese IPO soon that could
be worth up to $28 billion.
The company revealed that it would be
introducing video ads into its product, but
would pay users to watch them through its
Line Coins payment system.

In a fit of philanthropy, the mobile

messaging service announced this week
that it had raised $500,000 to help benefit
victims of Typhoon Haiyan in the
Philippines through the sale of ‘charitable’
stickers.

Line for iOS | Android | BlackBerry |

Windows Phone | Nokia

Foursquare
Although still fundamentally a
location­based service, Foursquare has
evolved its product so that it’s not about
the check­in, but more about local
recommendations and proactive learning.
Years ago, users were obsessed with
checking into a location in order to earn
badges or become the “mayor”. Now the
app gives you smart recommendations
based on friends’ data, and in 2013, the
company began giving relevant,
location­based information and tips to
users, using push notifications (even for
users who rarely – or never – actually open
the app itself).
This year, the company also opened up its
self­service ad platform to small
businesses. With this feature, any
company can pay to have a personalized
promotion appear in a user’s feed in an
attempt to garner more business. App
users can also parse through 43 million
menu items from more than 500,000
restaurants now with an improved Explore
option.
➤ Foursquare for iOS | Android | Windows
Phone

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Instagram
The photo­taking and sharing app made
some big updates in 2013, including the
addition of 15­second video technology
and the launch of a pseudo­Snapchat­like
feature it called Direct. In addition,
Instagram began solidifying its
monetization strategy by launching
sponsored ads directly into users’ feeds.
The company’s ad product is still in its
early stages, but Instagram says early
testing shows “promising” results across
various metrics like ad recall, awareness,
and reach.
➤ Instagram for iOS | Android

Viber
Free, Skype­like app Viber has been in the
news as it expands its service. Already
available for iOS and Android devices, this
year it launched on BlackBerry, Windows
Phone and Windows 8. It currently stands
at over 200 million users with 500,000
downloads each month, and has updated
its apps with new features, such as group
messaging and stickers.

➤ Viber for iOS | Android | BlackBerry |

Windows Phone

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Flipboard
Flipboard has seen the number of
magazines appear on its publishing
platform grow pretty rapidly in 2013. It now
has more than 85 million registered users,
thanks to its one of its biggest features. In
March, the company released updates to
its apps that enabled users to create their
own magazines. No longer did available
magazines need to be curated by
Flipboard itself — now anyone with an
interest could generate their own. This
became so popular that within the first two
weeks more than 500,000 magazines were
created.
Soon afterwards, another update saw
Flipboard adding profile pages, SMS
sharing, and the ability to collaborate with
one another. But if this wasn’t enough,
later in the year, it made its magazines
accessible via the Web browser and then
added new functionality that let anyone
add product listings directly to their
magazines.
It also added Reuters, TIME Magazine,
and other new publications to its roster.
➤ Flipboard for iOS | Android | Windows
8.1

Pinterest
Pinterest ends 2013 with plans to a
monetization plan, a new API and
functionality to support travel interests. It
also released a redesigned app for the
iPad to accommodate iOS 7, along with a
new menu, long­press board sharing, and
improved discovery.
The interest­based, visually­focused social
network continues to expand its
accessibility throughout the world.
Pinterest has said it had plans to launch 10
new countries this year — it has a 125
percent growth rate internationally. Earlier
this month, it localized its service for those
in Russia, Poland, Turkey, Slovakia, and
the Czech Republic. The month prior, a
similar version was available for those in
the Nordics.
Its mobile apps have received functionality
like improved pin discovery, profile editing,
push notification support, predictive search
results, and friend mentions.
➤ Pinterest for iOS | Android

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Topic 5 : Social Media for Business

Why?

Lazada
Bringing Southeast Asia's shoppers online
Lazada, the largest Southeast Asian online shopping mall, used Facebook as a primary marketing channel to reach the
majority of the online population in their target countries.
● 80%reach of online population in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
● 90%reach of online population in Philippines
● 60X Fan growth in one year to 5 million fans

Coca­Cola
The Taste of Happiness
Facebook was able to compliment Coca­Cola’s TV campaign to deliver the message to a wider audience, drive
engagement and achieve incredible results. According to Kantar Worldpanel’s research study, Facebook drove incremental
sales with an ROI greater than all other media:
● 27% of Coca­Cola’s incremental sales were generated by Facebook, using only 2% of the gross media budget
● ROI of 2.74€ generated for every 1€ invested on Facebook
● Assuming identical household reach, Facebook would drive 2.3X more sales than TV
● 35% of the TV and Facebook impact is due to a synergy effect between the two media. This means that the actual
impact of using TV and Facebook in combination is 54% higher than would be expected from their individual impact
alone.
● Facebook has effectively targeted the big spenders in its category and therefore impacted the volume of sales rather
than the volume of buyers

HOW?
Social media offers diverse benefits for business owners. The evolution of different social media platforms such as Twitter,
Facebook and LinkedIn means that you need to be aware of general as well as channel­specific hacks to fulfill your social
media marketing objectives.

What kinds of content to publish and share

A common (and understandable) mistake that many people make as they're diving into social engagement is to limit their
content to promotional updates. This is reflective of the traditional marketing world in which all outbound push messaging is just
that, but things have changed; now we build our marketing efforts on trust, engagement, and community.
There is, of course, a time and place for marketing and promotional messages, but don't limit yourself. Consider
broadening your scope a bit. This will make your content more appealing and lessen the burden of creation. Some options for
types of updates may include:
Adjacent content: It's a pretty safe bet that if someone is following you they're interested in what you offer. It's an even
safer bet to say their interests don't stop there. Share content that's tangentially relevant to your business or something
involving common interests of your audience. For example, if you are a clothing retailer, you could post about up­and­coming
beauty trends or news from a major designer. These topics quite likely directly align with the interests of your audience.

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Tips and tricks: Add value to the conversation by sharing content that will make your customers' lives easier (bonus points
for tips and tricks that help them use your products or services).
Responses: Not every update has to stem from original ideas of yours; you can bounce off the ideas that other people are
already posting. Social media relies on conversations, so jump in and be a part of them. You can even look for Twitter chats
that are relevant to your brand and dive in. (This is also a good way to get your account and brand more visibility.)
Non­promotional company information: If your company does amazing volunteer work in your community, don't be shy
about sharing it! If there's a rather impressive showing at the company Halloween party, you definitely want to share that.
Giving a sneak peek into the culture and community within an organization goes a long way to building relationships by
humanizing the brand. Social media provides a fantastic way to go about this.
Job openings: Social channels can be an incredibly fruitful place to find new talent and publicize job openings. Job seekers
are increasingly using social media as a way of learning about companies and their open positions; it's a match made in
Internet heaven. Get those listings out there and be sure to highlight the most important ones.
Jokes: This is a tricky one, and it's more of a branding question than anything else. First of all, know what your brand is
and what kind of personality it embodies. If humor is not a part of that, you might avoid this type of post. It can backfire and be
incredibly awkward. If you are going to try humor, safety first! Ensure you're not unintentionally sharing something that could be
offensive by testing it amongst your colleagues, friends, or even family. Always err on the side of caution with sensitive topics; a
disaster can be really painful. Once you've made sure the humor is acceptable, make sure it's actually funny, because a bad
joke is just embarrassing.

How to share and publish your content

Frequency of updates
"How often do I need to update my account?" is a common question, and there is no right or wrong answer here—no best
practice set in stone. It simply depends on your audience, their appetite, and what you have to say. There has been some
research on this topic that can act as a general guideline in your efforts; but as with most things, it's best to test and see what
works best for you and your audience on each platform.
One universal fact is that social media status updates don't last long. The half­life of a tweet, for example, is around 18
minutes for most users. This number isn't meant to suggest you should post that often, but rather understand that sending an
update out doesn't mean it will remain visible for an appreciable amount of time. Users move on to more recent items in their
newsfeeds quite quickly. The takeaway here is to keep an eye on how long your users are engaging and sharing something.
More than anything, this is indicative of the quality of your content.
Again, though, it all depends on what is appropriate for your organization. For example, news organizations or media
publications could easily be expected to update multiple­to­many times per day, whereas a clothing retailer would be exhausted
by this rhythm and consequently turn off users. You definitely don't want to talk just for the sake of talking; if you don't have
anything of value to add, don't post updates just to meet a quota. That said, you will need to make sure your account updates
regularly enough to entice users to follow along. You want them to know they could be missing out on some good stuff if they
don't.

Be the celebrity expert in your space.

Post content that makes you the expert in your space. Think in terms of providing information based on what you know and the
service your business or products offers. Offer tips and insights such as how to, how not to, what to avoid, how to find the best,
what makes it the best, how to fix it, repair it and what you must know. If you are a dry cleaner, post everything there is to know
about dry cleaning, stain removal and fabrics.
Create varying content. Use every form of content possible: videos, photos, quotes, articles and blogs and curating the
content of others. Content sharing is the easiest and the one that may get you more followers faster. By sharing the content of a
competitor or another expert and giving them credit, you will pick up followers from those that follow them.
80/20 rule. Eighty percent of your content should be information based, not promotional. In the beginning, you may even
shift that to 95/5, where 95 percent is information. No one is going to come to you because you posted something promotional
because no one is even following you. You have to get an audience that wants your content. As you grow followers, you can
increase promotions.

Monitoring and listening is how you find out how people feel about your brand. It's important to track who's engaging, what
they're saying and whether customer service issues are being resolved. The more you listen, the more you learn, which
benefits your brand.
Among the multitude of data you can measure:
● The number of views, likes, retweets, comments or any other manner of engagement on any social media platform
● How much of your content is being shared and from which platforms
● How much time visitors spend on your social media pages or web pages
● The demographics of anyone who has engaged in any manner
● Klout or Kred scores, to see if any influencers have engaged or are fans or followers ([Link]
● Which content is drawing the most attention­­for better or worse
● How many people contacted customer service and whether or not they were happy with the results
● Which platform, demographic group(s), geographic location and even hour of the day is resulting in the most views,
clicks, or conversations
● Which content, and on which platforms, is resulting in the best conversion rates

Source:
[Link]

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[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

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Topic 6 : Online Security

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

What Is SSL?
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a
client—typically a web server (website) and a browser; or a mail server and a mail client (e.g., Outlook).
SSL allows sensitive information such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, and login credentials to be
transmitted securely. Normally, data sent between browsers and web servers is sent in plain text—leaving you vulnerable to
eavesdropping. If an attacker is able to intercept all data being sent between a browser and a web server they can see and use
that information.

Why Do I Need SSL?

One of the most important components of online business is creating a trusted environment where potential customers feel
confident in making purchases. Browsers give visual cues, such as a lock icon or a green bar, to help visitors know when their
connection is secured.
In the below image, you can see the green address bar that comes with extended validation (EV) SSL Certificates.

If your site collects credit card information you are required by the Payment Card Industry (PCI) to have an SSL
Certificate. If your site has a login section or sends/receives other private information (street address, phone number, health
records, etc.), you should use SSL Certificates to protect that data.
Your customers want to know that you value their security and are serious about protecting their information. More and
more customers are becoming savvy online shoppers and reward the brands that they trust with increased business.

Source:
● [Link]

One­time Password (OTP)

Most websites continue to rely on a simple username and password as the only means of authentication for logins and
sensitive transactions. The problem is that most Internet users have too many passwords to remember, so they choose weak
passwords that are easily compromised by hackers or they re­use the same password on multiple websites. Industry research
has shown that the most common password on the Web is "123456" and that the 5,000 most common passwords are shared
by 20 percent of the online population. Researchers at Georgia Tech Research Institute recently indicated that to be secure, a
password should be a string of 12 random characters including upper and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols.
Unfortunately, people simply cannot remember so many complex passwords, so they revert to old habits that undermine
website security and increase risk of fraud.
One­time passwords ensure that only properly authenticated users are authorized access to critical applications and data.
By asking users different unique passwords for every transaction they requested, passwords are generated for specific

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purposes and they valid for a limited time, therefore, users don’t have a static password to remember. This increases
authentication security more effectively and conveniently, and reduces the risk of online financial fraud.
Delivering OTP to users are by typically 2 ways as follows.
1. The company send the OTP to users via SMS. Mobile phone is to be used for receiving the OTP. This is suitable for
an individual who make transactions few times in a day.
2. Users generate the OTP on a token previously given from the company. Token is a compact and portable one­time
password (OTP) strong authentication device that allows organizations to conveniently and effectively establish OTP­based
access control. Token is a perfect tool for people or companies who make so many transactions in a day, especially for
business use.

Source:
● [Link]
● [Link]
Strengthen­Passwords­[Link]
● [Link]

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)

A form of protocol for electronic credit card payments. The secure electronic transaction (SET) protocol is used to facilitate
the secure transmission of consumer credit card information via electronic avenues, such as the Internet. SET blocks out the
details of credit card information, thus preventing merchants, hackers and electronic thieves from accessing this information.
Secure electronic transactions are backed by most of the major providers of electronic transactions, such as Visa and
MasterCard. SET allows merchants to verify their customers' card information without actually seeing it, thus protecting the
customer. The information on the card is instead transferred directly to the credit card company for verification.

Secure Electronic Transaction Process

1. There are five people involved in the process
a. Customer (Buyer, buying something, pay with a credit card)
b. Merchant (Sellers, sell something, accept credit cards)
c. Credit Card Company (Take care of the system.)
d. Merchant’s Bank (Take care of the sellers.)
e. Issuer Bank (Issue the credit card to customers and take care of the buyers.)
2. Credit card companies authorize banks to offer services to customers and merchants.
3. Customer want to buy a product, notify the merchant about payment method using a credit card.
4. Merchant direct the customer to the credit card payment system, the web page provided by the merchant’s bank.
5. Customer fill the payment form provided by the merchant’s bank. (The merchant don’t see data of the customer’s
credit card.)
6. Merchant’s bank connect to the issuer bank for verification.
7. Issuer bank report back to merchant’s bank that the credit card is good or not. Merchant’s bank report the result back
to both merchant and customer.
8. Customer confirm the payment and the merchant’s bank get money from the credit card company.
9. Merchant’s bank and issuer bank confirm the transaction to the merchant and the customer.

With the service from banks, SET assure that both merchants and customers are trustworthy enough to make deals with.
Merchants are confided that customers have enough credit and transactions are guaranteed, and the customers are confided
that their credit cards still kept secret, and transactions are guaranteed.

Source:
● [Link]

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Topic 7 : M­Banking
Mobile banking refers to online banking that occurs via mobile devices. The earliest mobile banking services were offered
over SMS, but with the introduction of mobile devices and the Apple iOS and Google Android operating systems, mobile
banking is now primarily offered through applications as opposed to through text messages or even a mobile browser.
Mobile banking allows you to review transactions, transfer funds, pay bills and check account balances via your mobile
device. M­Banking also offers enhanced security with SMS transaction notifications and the ability to turn card accounts on or
off; the development of new technologies like mobile check deposit (where you simply take a picture of the check using your
smartphone's built­in camera) is contributing to the increasing popularity of mobile banking. Eventually, mobile phones may
even replace automated teller machines (ATMs) and credit cards.
While banks are working to do their part, users have to take additional steps to make sure their mobile data is protected.
Here are some tips for mobile bankers of all ages to help keep you safe while banking on the go:
● Download your bank's mobile application so you can be sure you are visiting the real bank every time and not a
copycat site.
● Connect to your bank's mobile site or app securely by making sure that your wireless network is secure.
● Never send sensitive information over an unsecured wireless network, such as in a hotel or cafe. Use a virtual private
network software that protects your identity by ensuring that all web transactions (shopping, filling out forms,
downloads) are secured through HTTPS. My favorite, Hotspot Shield VPN software, has been downloaded over 120
million times.
● If available, use additional layers of authentication in which the account holder authorizes various transactions via
text message or phone calls with the bank to give an additional code.
● Configure your device to auto­lock after a short period of nonuse.
● Don't store data you can't afford to lose on an insecure device.
● Use mobile security protection that offers multiple layers of protection including anti­theft, antivirus, antispyware,
anti­phishing and app protection.

Technology for Mobile Money Transfer

1. Text Message
Romanian consumers use M­Pesa, which is based on simple text messaging technology and operates over any of
Vodafone Romania's mobile network connections, including its 4G services that launched in 2012. Romanian M­Pesa
customers will be able to transfer as little as one new Romanian leu and up to 30,000 lei per day. M­Pesa will allow Vodafone
Romania's customers to top up prepaid airtime on a mobile device, pay utility bills, make a deposit and withdraw cash from
participating agents and purchase goods, according to a statement.

2. Mobile Phone App

U.K. banks launch Paym (pronounced Pay Em), a person­to­person mobile payment service that uses mobile phone
numbers to identify recipients.
Before you can start using mobile payments, you’ll need to register for Paym and link your UK mobile phone number with
your own bank account. Once you’ve registered, you can send money to any person or business that’s also registered for
Paym by simply fill the mobile number into an app, online banking service or other approved method. The money will be
deposited into the account they register with – and it works the same way when other people send you a payment.
The service eliminates the need for senders to know recipients' banking details. Nine financial institutions in the U.K.
participate in Paym, and also several major banks. Every adult in the U.K. is lending just under £5 per week to someone they
know," Adrian Kamellard, chief executive of the payments council, said in a statement. "Small sums like this soon add up, so it's
great that Paym will give people a new option of quickly and securely paying someone back — whether it's for lunch, a train
ticket or just a cup of tea.
For Thailand, mPay is the mobile payment service that links to customers’ financial sources: mCash (Online Cash
Account), bank account, and credit card. Customers will receive SMS to confirm transaction made on the App. For money
transfer using mCash, mobile phone numbers are also used for recipients’ identification.

3. Mobile Phone App + NFC (Near Field Communication)

NFC is a short­range, low power wireless link evolved from radio­frequency identification (RFID) tech that can transfer
small amounts of data between two devices held a few centimeters from each other. The SIM card in your mobile phone is a
smart card identifying your account to the network.
For Thailand, mPay Rabbit is a Tap and Pay service that enable customers to pay for products or services by tapping
mobile phones on a payment terminal in a shop, train station, coffee shop, and etc.

4. Mobile Phone App + QR Code

SEQR is the mobile payment solution on the Swedish market that allows consumers to pay in stores and online. SEQR
has been adopted by 4,600 merchants, and the SEQR wallet is now available in Sweden, Norway, Finland, Kuwait, Malaysia
and Romania.
McDonald's Sweden has added QR code payments to its mobile app with the integration of the SEQR mobile wallet from
Stockholm, Sweden­based Seamless.
The existing McDonald's app already delivers menus with nutrition and allergy information as well as offers and
campaigns. Now, Swedish customers can make payments through the app. Customers can make purchases at McDonald's
restaurants across Sweden by scanning QR codes at the checkout and confirming payment by entering their PIN. The payment
receipt is stored in the customer's phone.

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5. Digital Wallet
Digital Wallet refers to smartphone apps that hold your payment and loyalty card information. Since data are stored on the
internet, it is not belong to a specific device or card like NFC. It links to many sources such as credit cards, debit cards, loyalty
cards and coupons (you get location and time­based notifications when you’re near a cafe where you can use your loyalty card
or when your airline, movie or concert ticket is nearing its due date.), personal ID, bank accounts, and more.
Google Wallet and Apple’s Passbook are two of the more popular. More examples of the apps are as follows: Lemon
Wallet, Square Wallet, Isis, Geode, Chirpify, Venmo, Dwolla, Paypal.

Reference:
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]

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Topic 8 : M­Reservation
OTA, Online Travel Agency, makes a strong effect to hospitality business in the way that cannot be overlooked. Independent
hotels (Owners run and manage hotels) are particularly OTA‐dependent. On average, more than 42% of roomnights for
independent hotels are reserved via the online channel. Unfortunately, only 24% of these roomnights come via the hotel
website, while more than 76% percent are made through OTAs (STR, HSMAI Foundation).
([Link]

A Good Night’s Sleep in the Palm of Your Hand

Customize your online inventory for optimal viewing and access via mobile devices.
By Sebastien Leitner, HITEC 2013 Special Report 13

According to the U.S. Department of transportation, airlines cancelled 78,862 flights in 2012, leaving millions of passengers
stranded. Lucky for them, finding a last minute hotel room has never been easier thanks to apps and mobile web sites and the
mobile devices that power them. Passengers on the 115,978 cancelled flights in 2011 were not nearly as lucky.
Real time access to hotel inventory, enhanced by GPS, now enables hotels to pick up last minute bookings from stranded
travelers, late night revelers, spontaneous vacationers and others who need a room on the fly and want the confidence that
comes from having a confirmed booking in hand.

Optimize Mobile Offerings

As branded and independent hotels attempt to find the budget and the means to develop their own mobile web sites and apps
that work seamlessly across numerous platforms like iOS, Android, Windows, etc., and devices of varying sizes, smart revenue
managers and the technical people who advise and support them might consider the following to optimize their hotel’s mobile
offering:
1. Be where the shoppers are ­ According to PhoCusWright’s February 2013 U.S. Mobile Travel Report, OTAs
dominated the hotel booking segment claiming two­thirds of all mobile bookings in 2012. Furthermore, mobile leisure
/ unmanaged business travel gross bookings totaled nearly $7.9 billion in 2012, or 6 percent of the online travel
market. PhoCusWright predicts this number will grow to $25.8 billion by 2014 and represent 18 percent of the online
travel market.
To give an example from our company's perspective, 30 million travelers have already downloaded Expedia group
apps, and that doesn’t include the 140 mobile web sites in 70 countries and in 35 languages used by travelers
worldwide. It’s safe to assume that affinity customers will check a brand’s mobile app first, but the unaffiliated,
transient guest will turn to an OTA who can provide geographically relevant rates and availability, regardless of
brand, plus the ability to book the room immediately.
2. Leverage Existing Resources ­ The need for a mobile presence is well established, but standalone apps and
optimizing a website for mobile access drives incremental costs and is technically challenging. In fact, a recent study
conducted by Mobiquity found that 35 percent of connected travelers would be less likely to book again with a travel
brand after a slow, confusing or non­optimized experience, and that 52 percent of tablet owners and 60 percent of
smartphone owners complained about sites that were slow to load. OTAs, specifically Expedia and [Link], are
investing the resources and are making great strides in developing best­in­class mobile experiences. While you’re
developing your own mobile strategy and perhaps your company’s app, doesn’t it make sense to maximize your
existing relationships and take advantage of the channels they’ve already put into place?
3. Make Inventory Accessible ­ The dynamic nature of mobile technology virtually has eliminated the need for
thresholds. Be sure your team is removing any barriers to potential bookings (including any “last room available”
restrictions) and make sure that the hotel is set to accept reservations up until your property­ specific cutover, but at a
minimum until midnight.
4. Demand Connectivity ­ Mobile platforms should provide both the customer and the hotel with real time connectivity —
a confirmed booking rather than a reservation request. The best mobile apps and optimized web sites, through
end­to­end connectivity, place the booking in the hotel’s reservation system and the confirmation number in the
customer’s hand virtually instantaneously.
5. Optimize Content ­ Travelers browsing on their smartphones want to quickly and easily see the information that is
relevant to them: location, amenities, availability and rates. To optimize conversion, make sure that you custom­build
your online content for smartphones based on your customer’s needs, relevancy and existing best practices.
Conversely, shoppers using a tablet tend to behave more like those working from laptop or desktop computers. They
want more in­depth content and great imagery. Your content should fuel their dreams and help them map out a plan
so that they can book when they’re ready.

Go Forth
No one doubts the growing scope of mobile technology. In fact, data from Morgan Stanley’s Mobile Internet Report projects
more people will access the Internet globally on a mobile device than on a desktop by the year 2014. The decision for hoteliers
is not if they should go mobile, but how to get there as quickly and cost effectively as possible.

● PhoCusWright. U.S. Mobile Travel Report. February 2013. [Link]

● Mobiquity. The Connected Traveler: Mobile Satisfaction Report. April 2013.
[Link]
● Morgan Stanley. The Mobile Internet Report. December 2009. [Link].

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Topic 9 : Global Positioning System (GPS) and Location­based Service (LBS)

1. Definition and General Information
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite­based navigation system made up of a network of many satellites
placed into orbit by governments. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no
subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS. With the accuracy of locating and positioning functions, GPS devices are now
used in many ways; for example, military, police, travel, commercial, and rescue purposes.
A location­based service (LBS) is a software application for a IP­capable mobile device that requires knowledge about
where the mobile device is located. Location­based services can be two ways as follows.
1. Query­based ­ Provide the end user with useful information
● Point of Interest (POI) such as the nearest ATM location, restaurants, hotels, gas stations, Landmarks, shopping
malls, and etc.
● The most optimal routes and estimate travel times
2. Push­based
● Deliver coupons or other marketing information to customers who are in a specific geographical area.
An LBS requires five basic components:
1. The service provider's software application
2. A mobile network to transmit data and requests for service
3. A content provider to supply the end user with geo­specific information
4. A positioning component (GPS)
5. The end user's mobile device.
By law, location­based services must be permission­based. That means that the end user must opt­in to the service in order
to use it. In most cases, this means installing the LBS application and accepting a request to allow the service to know the
device's location.
2. Geo­social Commerce
Location­based services like foursquare, Gowalla, Where, and Facebook Places use the geolocation functionality of a
mobile phone or smartphone to provide people with information and entertainment. These services allow your customers to
“Check­in” wherever they go – like coffee shops, events, restaurants, hotels, airports, or even private residences – in exchange
for both tangible and intangible rewards.
Best of all, these services offer FREE word­of­mouth advertising and promotions. Every time one of your customers
checks­in at your location, they're telling their friends about your business.
Most location­based tools allow users to write reviews of the places. These reviews are then shared with other users who
check in to those locations. This can have a real impact (either positive or negative) for businesses hoping to be discovered by
new customers.
Geo­social commerce is all the rage these days and an increasing number of businesses are joining the location­based
social networking bandwagon. The concept is simple –
1. Be aware of a user’s location
2. Provide a medium to propagate this location information to social networks
3. Monetize the process for businesses by offering check­in discounts and special offers.
3. Concerns and Issues
Users are encouraged to check in to commercial places in Geo­social networks (GSNs) by offering discounts on purchase.
When a user checks in, GSNs share the check­in record with the merchant. In practice, a dishonest merchant may share
check­in histories with third parties or use them to track users' location. It may cause privacy breaches like robbery, discovery of
sensitive information by combining check­in histories with other data, disclosure of visits to sensitive places, etc.
The misuse of location information can lead to serious privacy breaches. GSN users are prone to this risk when they
redeem deals. At the same time, deal redemption is also an attractive service to users because of the cash benefits. A
merchant, acting as an adversary, may attempt to infer the suppressed dates by analyzing the information available to them. If
the merchants can achieve good inference accuracy, they may also be able to predict future check­in dates by using both the
inferred information and the existing information. (Moniruzzaman and Baker, 2013)
4. Good Practice Examples
Website:
[Link]
[Link]
Video Clip:
[Link]
[Link]

Source:
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]

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Topic 10 : Web Deal (Deal­of­the­day Website)

Key concepts of WebDeal include:
● Discount vouchers provide price discrimination, letting merchants attract consumers who would not ordinarily
patronize their business without a major price incentive, value the merchant less than the merchant's ordinary
customers do. For instance, some customers are willing to pay full price for a given restaurant—great! The restaurant
would like to keep charging those customers full price, while charging a lower price to new customers who aren't
willing to pay as much.
● These vouchers also benefit merchants through advertising: Announcing a merchant's existence to thousands of
consumers en masse, and potentially building buzz among consumers above and beyond sales to the consumers
who actually buy the vouchers. This effect is more difficult to measure, but many merchants perceive it to be real.
Where it exists, it's an important source of value that a discount voucher service can deliver.
● For some merchants, the benefits of offering discount vouchers are sharply reduced if individual customers buy
multiple vouchers. In practice, it's not easy to prohibit the purchase of multiple vouchers. A voucher service can
configure its systems so that a single account only lets a user purchase a given offer once. But then users can open
multiple accounts—a tactic that consumers have already used at many online retailers. And industry norms let
consumers find ways around almost any rule intended to block multiple purchases. For example, even when
consumers are limited to a single voucher, they are typically permitted to buy additional vouchers as gifts for others.
So if three customers each want three vouchers, each can buy one for himself and one for each of his two friends,
complying with the rules but obtaining multiple vouchers.
● As a marketing tool, discount vouchers are likely to be most effective for businesses that are relatively unknown and
have low marginal costs.

“The real deal is that any business looking to use Groupon, or one of its competitors like LivingSocial, must have a much
broader perspective. You don’t want to devote a lot of your budget to these daily deal sites. Such a promotion has to be part of
your overall marketing plan along with how you are using Facebook, Twitter, Google Adwords, and so on. You can make a deal
as long as it’s the right one for your line of business.” (Carolyn M. Brown)

Risks that businesses run when deciding to participate in a discount voucher program. Consumers who try to game the system.
Consider a customer who wants to dine on a weekend using a voucher valid on weekdays only. Some consumers surely make
that error by accident, failing to read all the terms and conditions. Sophisticated consumers might try to game the system by
posing as customers who failed to read the "small print." What exactly is a merchant to do when a consumer violates one of
various small­print rules? Requiring customers to present vouchers before ordering is one solution, but they understandably
dislike this approach, finding it especially tacky. A gift certificate may be redeemed in cash if the customer so requests.

One natural change in the future is for fees to drop. Groupon has charged merchants a remarkable 50 percent of voucher
purchase price, but it seems that competition is already driving fees down.

Top 10 Deal­of­The­Day
1. Groupon
2. LivingSocial
3. Whiskey Militia
4. Amazon Local
5. Steep and cheap
6. Yugster
7. 1SaleADay
8. Amazon Gold Box
9. Daily Steals
10. Woot

Source:
● [Link]
● [Link]

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Topic 11 : E­questionnaire
Definition
An electronic questionnaire contains questions are in a software system that can be answered by an individual. Examples
might be a software system that is on a laptop computer where respondents can answer questions directly into the laptop
(possibly without knowledge on the part of interviewers of the details of the answers) or through queries on an Internet page.
(Source: [Link]
The advent of online survey tools has lowered the cost of data collection and made it easier for many internal market
research departments on the client side to deploy their own online surveys. Free online tools or budget solutions that most
people think about in common are SurveyMonkey, SurveyGizmo,and QuestionPro. Basic question and survey tools are also
offered for no charge by Facebook and Google.
For hospitality industry, two undeniable companies that work on customer experience management program and reflect as
a big data which benefits both customers and hospitality industry; Medallia Inc. and TripAdvisor LLC.
Medallia
If you want to drive ongoing improvement to your customer experience management program, then you need to find a way
to engage with your customers — understand what they’re saying, and then act on their feedback. (Medallia Inc.)
Medallia gathers the voice of the customer from every one of the touchpoints — the web, social, mobile, location­based,
and call center — giving a unified view of the customer experience across entire organization. Then, distributes the feedbacks
to all relevant departments in the organization, facilitating for actions daily.
TripAdvisor
TripAdvisor® is the world’s largest travel site,* enabling travelers to plan and have the perfect trip. TripAdvisor offers
trusted advice from real travelers and a wide variety of travel choices and planning features with seamless links to booking
tools. TripAdvisor branded sites make up the largest travel community in the world, with more than 60 million unique monthly
visitors*, and over 75 million reviews and opinions. The sites operate in 30 countries worldwide, including China under
[Link]. TripAdvisor also includes TripAdvisor for Business, a dedicated division that provides the tourism industry access
to millions of monthly TripAdvisor visitors. TripAdvisor, Inc. (NASDAQ: TRIP) manages and operates websites under 19 other
travel media brands, and together the sites attract more than 75 million unique monthly visitors.
Medallia and TripAdvisor Partner to Help Hospitality Companies Encourage More Online Guest Reviews
Medallia®, the global leader in SaaS Customer Experience Management (CEM) solutions, has partnered with
TripAdvisor®, the world’s largest travel site, to enable seamless and timely engagement with guests who can now post a review
on TripAdvisor during the survey process. The solution allows participating hospitality companies to collect candid guest
reviews and opinions on TripAdvisor to help future guests choose the right accommodation, while at the same time helping the
company gauge guest satisfaction in more detail.
The recent agreement with TripAdvisor expands the capabilities of the Medallia solution so that participating hospitality
companies are automatically alerted when traveler reviews become available on TripAdvisor and can easily respond to and
engage with customers who write reviews from the Medallia interface.
Medallia serves some of the largest hospitality companies in the world with a full Customer Experience Management
solution, which includes capturing, analyzing and acting on customer feedback no matter where or how it takes place, including
in surveys, social media and review sites and via mobile devices. With online traveler reviews making up such a large portion of
guest feedback in the hospitality industry, Medallia wants to provide its customers, including Best Western Hotels, Omni Hotels
& Resorts and other major hospitality companies, with a seamless integration with TripAdvisor. Using the interface, hotel
employees both centrally and at specific locations can easily encourage guests to post reviews and engage with those guests
quickly as they are automatically notified when reviews are posted. This process naturally increases engagement with
customers after their stay.
The agreement enables a “one click” posting process whereby participating Medallia hospitality customers invite their
guests to post to TripAdvisor during the survey process. This expands the existing Medallia Promote™ offering, so Medallia can
send reviews to TripAdvisor via a direct feed. Jointly collected reviews are subject to TripAdvisor’s submission policies and are
attributed to the participating hospitality company on TripAdvisor. Respondents can also immediately “like” the property on
Facebook or “follow” it on Twitter through Medallia Promote.
“TripAdvisor is pleased to partner with Medallia, as a growing number of hospitality companies look to increase their
engagement with guests, listen to their feedback and respond effectively,” said Severine Philardeau, vice president of global
partnerships for TripAdvisor. “A recent TripAdvisor survey reveals that 51 percent of accommodation owners worldwide indicate
that they invite travelers to share feedback about their guest experiences via email¹. TripAdvisor’s goal is to make it as easy as
possible for businesses to leverage online reviews as a megaphone for traditional ‘word of mouth’ advertising.”
“Many hotels invite their guests both to fill out a survey and to post a review about a stay, double work which can be taxing
and annoying for guests,” said Medallia CEO Borge Hald. “With this agreement in place, hotels will be able to elegantly
combine their guest survey and TripAdvisor review form so that guests who provide feedback can, with minimal extra effort,
also share their thoughts online. The benefits for hotels are better guest experiences and more online reviews.”
Source:
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
e­guest­reviews
● [Link]

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Topic 12 : E­Recruitment
E­recruitment, also known as online recruitment, is the practice of using technology and in particular Web­based resources
for tasks involved with finding, attracting, assessing, interviewing and hiring new personnel.
The purpose of e­recruitment is to make the processes involved more efficient and effective, as well as less expensive.
Online recruitment can reach a larger pool of potential employees and facilitate the selection process.
The online promotion of an organization as a desirable place to work, through the corporate website or other venues, is
one element of e­recruitment. E­recruitment software and systems are available as standalone applications, product suites and
services. A recruitment management system is an integrated product suite or portal that streamlines and automates the
processes involved.
Technology Trends
● Job Search
Active job seekers have traditionally used recruitment agencies as their first port of call when job searching.
Accordingly, organisations with job vacancies also came to rely upon recruitment agencies. Indeed, agency fees are
a major part of most organisations' recruitment budgets. Some justifications for this expensive relationship:
○ Access to a large pool of candidates;
○ Access to pre­screening services;
○ Reduced administrative overheads;
○ Expedience; and
○ Convenience.
Examples of online recruitment agencies are as follows.
○ [Link] ­ Dice is the leading site for tech job seekers. You can search by company, job title, keyword and
location. There's also career advice and tech news for job seekers.
○ [Link] is the #1 job site worldwide, with over 100 million unique visitors per month. Indeed is available
in more than 50 countries and 26 languages, covering 94% of global GDP.
○ [Link], a technology company based in Sunnyvale, California, operates job search engines in
24 countries and 12 languages. With more than 30 million unique visitors per month, the company provides
job seekers access to millions of job openings across all job categories and industries, reaching job
seekers on the web, social networks, mobile devices, email, and via thousands of partner sites including
LinkedIn, The Washington Post, and Bloomberg Businessweek. With its Sponsored Jobs offering, Simply
Hired enables employers to efficiently and cost­effectively reach candidates searching for jobs through its
full­service pay­per­click (PPC) and self­service pay­per­post job advertising solutions. Simply Hired was
founded in 2005, has offices in Sunnyvale, Los Angeles, New York and Toronto, and is privately held with
funding from Foundation Capital and IDG Ventures.
○ [Link] ­ Leading employers including Boeing, Boston Scientific, Expedia, Google, Mitre, Premera,
Samsung, and Veritude use Jobster to post jobs, target active and passive candidates, build talent
networks and manage candidate relationships. Jobster also offers recruiting software­as­a­service that
helps employers get beyond the job boards at [Link] Job ­ The .jobs domain is operated
by the nonprofit DirectEmployers Association, a consortium of major U.S. employers. Companies use this
domain to create web pages with jobs listings. Most of the company sites on the .job domain redirect to the
companies' existing careers sites. For instance, if you type [Link] into your browser you will be taken
to [Link]/Careers.
● Social Recruitment ­ Sites like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google+ allow employers to get a glimpse of who
you are outside the confines of a résumé, cover letter, or interview—while they offer job seekers the opportunity to
learn about companies they’re interested in; connect with current and former employees; and hear about job
openings instantaneously, among other things.
● Job Community
○ [Link] is a career community that helps people find jobs and companies recruit top talent.
Glassdoor members can find Inside Connections at a company through their Facebook network, see the
latest job listings, as well as get access to proprietary user­generated content including company­specific
salary reports, ratings and reviews, CEO approval ratings, interview questions and reviews, office photos,
and more.

Source:
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]

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Topic 13 : Malicious Software and Scam

SPAM
SPAM is Unsolicited Bulk/Commercial media that use electronic systems for mass advertising purposes. Overwhelming
amount of SPAM would waste our time and make important information sunk and lost. Sometime Spam is used for distributing
computer viruses. SPAM and virus emails can be disguised to trick you into reading the email and/or performing an action.
Prepare and Defense
● Do not open spam message
● Do not click any link nor reply to Spam, including a link for unsubscribe or remove yourself from a mailing list which
you did not join. This can be a technique to validate your email address and increase your chances of receiving more
unwanted emails.
● When giving an email address to a website, do not give out your main email.
● Do not buy anything from spammers.
● Use anti spam engine, spam filtering/blocking.
● Create an email name that’s hard to name random system.
● To avoid virus attached with spam email, view the email in plain text.
● Report spam when you receive it.

HOAX
Hoax is false warning, fake messages, misleading, and dangerous lies. It could be mails, popups, messages, and
websites that waste time, annoying, and harmful to someone.
Anything on social media can go viral fast. Users often get swept away in sharing news and don't double­check if what
they're spreading even checks out.

Examples of Hoax
● Morgan Freeman Death Rumors ­ Social media occasionally circulates false celebrity death rumors, but the alleged
news about actor Morgan Freedman's passing in August took on a life of its own. His fake Facebook tribute
pageraked in nearly 1 million Likes, and the rumors picked up again in October, when people on social networks
shared their condolences.

● The Future Isn't Here Yet ­ Remember that scene in Back To The Future, when Doc sets the DeLorean to an obscure
future date? On June 27, 2012, a Photoshopped image pitted that day as "the future," and the rumor spread quickly
on Facebook. Except that day day wasn't "the future" ­­ the clock is actually set for Oct. 21, 2015.

● #BaldforBieber ­ In October 2013, a hoax involving Justin Bieber encouraged fans to shave their heads to support the
pop star, who ­­ according to the false rumor ­­ was recently diagnosed with cancer. A video posted to YouTube
included fake, Photoshopped tweets from his account announcing the news and pictures of fans shaving their heads
for support. #BaldforBieber also started to trend in the U.S.

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TROJAN
A Trojan horse, often shortened to Trojan, is a type of malware designed to provide unauthorized, remote access to a
user’s computer. Trojan horses do not have the ability to replicate themselves like viruses; however, they can lead to viruses
being installed on a machine since they allow the computer to be controlled by the Trojan creator. The term gets its name from
the Greek story of the Trojan War, when the Greeks offered the Trojans a peace offering in the form of a large wooden horse.
However, once the Trojans wheeled the horse behind their closed gates and night fell, the soldiers hidden inside the horse
climbed out and opened the city gates, allowing the Greek army to infiltrate Troy and capture the city. Trojan horse software
operates the same way, where Troy is your computer and the horse is the benign­seeming application.
Prepare and Defense
● Use antivirus program.
● Do not download a file from unsolicited sources.

SPYWARE
Spyware is a general term used to describe software that performs certain behaviors, generally without appropriately
obtaining your consent first, such as:
● Advertising
● Collecting personal information
● Changing the configuration of your computer
Spyware is often associated with software that displays advertisements (called adware) or software that tracks personal or
sensitive information. These programs can change your web browser's home page or search page, or add additional
components to your browser you don't need or want. They also make it very difficult for you to change your settings back to the
way you had them.
Prepare and Defense
● Use antivirus program.
● Do not download a file from unsolicited sources.
● Whenever you install something on your computer, make sure you carefully read all disclosures, including the license
agreement and privacy statement. Sometimes the inclusion of unwanted software in a given software installation is
documented, but it might appear at the end of a license agreement or privacy statement.

WORM
A worm is a computer program that has the ability to copy itself from machine to machine. Worms use up computer
processing time and network bandwidth when they replicate, and often carry payloads that do considerable damage. A worm
called Code Red made huge headlines in 2001. Experts predicted that this worm could clog the Internet so effectively that
things would completely grind to a halt.
The Code Red worm replicated itself more than 250,000 times in approximately nine hours on July 19, 2001. The Code
Red worm slowed down Internet traffic when it began to replicate itself, but not nearly as badly as predicted. Each time it found
an unsecured server, the worm copied itself to that server. The new copy then scanned for other servers to infect. Depending
on the number of unsecured servers, a worm could conceivably create hundreds of thousands of copies.
Prepare and Defense
● Use antivirus program.
● Do not download a file from unsolicited sources.

Phishing and Pharming

Human based attacks focus on misleading people in person or over the phone and often use impersonation to trick users
into releasing information. Computer based attacks still target the human users of computer systems, but do so via computer
based techniques such as email scams, email attachments, websites, instant messaging, etc.
Social engineering is a technique used by criminals to gain access to your computer. An attacker uses human interaction
(social skills) to obtain or compromise information about an organization or its computer systems. The purpose of social
engineering is usually to secretly install spyware or other malicious software or to trick you into handing over your passwords or
other sensitive financial and personal information. Just like the traditional grifters of the past, hackers use the general tendency
of people to want to 'be nice', 'stay out of trouble', and/or 'protect their own assets' to motivate them to give out information –
and even feel good about doing it.
Social engineering scams can be both online (such as an email message that asks you to open the attachment, which
contains malware) and offline (such as a phone call from someone posing as a representative from your credit card company).
Always calm and thoroughly checking the facts before giving personal sensitive data or making deal on an agreement.
Vigilance seems to be the only defense against social engineering.

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Phishing
Phishing is a form of social engineering. Phishing attacks use email or malicious websites to solicit personal information by
posing as a trustworthy organization. For example, an attacker may send email seemingly from a reputable credit card
company or financial institution that requests account information, often suggesting that there is a problem. When users
respond with the requested information, attackers can use it to gain access to the accounts.
Examples:
Probably the most popular and well­known social engineering scam is known as the '419 scam' (after the section of the
Nigerian Penal Code that discusses this sort of infraction) or, more generically, as an 'Advance Fee Fraud'. In this scam, an
important government official (or similar personage) has tragically died, leaving behind a large sum of money. In exchange for
your help in moving the money from an unfriendly foreign country to a more friendly bank account, you will be rewarded with a
substantial reward (e.g., 20% of 60 million dollars). Who could resist doing good and being rewarded for your good deed? This
scam has been conducted via postal mail, fax, and telex in addition to the far less expensive e­mail proliferation mechanism.
Surprisingly, the proffering of your bank account number is not usually the way 419 scammers make money. Their income
derives from the fees you must pay to bribe certain officials, lubricate the liberation of the money from a bank account, and so
on. It is believed that no one has ever received money in return for these investments. In fact, many folks have lost small
fortunes (a New Yorkerarticle, from Fox News (with a reference to the pastor's wife who killed him after losing their family
savings), folks in Japan, and a BBC report of a scammed Briton.
While most people these days have heard of the 419 scam and recognize it by the telltale "too good to be true" litmus test,
social engineers use other motivations to extract folks' information:
● "This email confirms you have paid $xxx for [some product]": Of course, you never bought anything from the
company and will give them information to find the errant payment and refund your money. The scam is that they are
just collecting your credit information to make actual charges.
● "Paypal (or someone) needs you to reconfirm your information": No they don't. The web page is legitimate except for
one little link that sends your information to the scammer instead of to Paypal. Everything look legitimate until that
very last click.
● "Your account at [xxx] has been suspended for ...": No it hasn't. But you'll have to supply a goodly amount of personal
information to get it back. Don't do this!

Pharming
Pharming is a scamming practice in which malicious code is installed on a personal computer or server, misdirecting users
to fraudulent Web sites without their knowledge or consent. Pharming has been called "phishing without a lure."
A particularly ominous pharming tactic is known as domain name system poisoning (DNS poisoning), in which the domain
name system table in a server is modified so that someone who thinks they are accessing legitimate Web sites is actually
directed toward fraudulent ones. In this method of pharming, individual personal computer host files need not be corrupted.
Instead, the problem occurs in the DNS server, which handles thousands or millions of Internet users' requests for URLs.
Victims end up at the bogus site without any visible indicator of a discrepancy. Spyware removal programs cannot deal with this
type of pharming because nothing need be technically wrong with the end users' computers.
Once personal information such as a credit card number, bank account number, or password has been entered at a
fraudulent Web site, criminals have the information and identity theftcan be the end result.

Topic 13.7. Brute Force Attacks

A Brute Force Attack aims at being the simplest kind of method to gain access to a system. Brute force (also known as
brute force cracking) is a trial and error method, it tries usernames and passwords over and over again, until it gets in. Often
deemed 'inelegant', they can be very successful when people use passwords like '123456' and usernames like 'admin.'

Tips for strong password:

● Avoid any permutation of your own real name, username, company name, or name of your website.
● Avoid a complete word from a dictionary, in any language.
● Should not less than 8 characters.
● Should consist of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.

A password might meet all the criteria above and still be a weak password. For example, Hello2U! meets all the criteria for
a strong password listed above, but is still weak because it contains a complete word. H3ll0 2 U! is a stronger alternative
because it replaces some of the letters in the complete word with numbers and also includes spaces.
Help yourself remember your strong password by following these tips:
● Create an acronym from an easy­to­remember piece of information. For example, pick a phrase that is meaningful to
you, such as My son's birthday is 12 December, 2004. Using that phrase as your guide, you might use Msbi12/Dec,4
for your password.
● Substitute numbers, symbols, and misspellings for letters or words in an easy­to­remember phrase. For example, My
son's birthday is 12 December, 2004 could become Mi$un's Brthd8iz 12124 (it's OK to use spaces in your password).
● Relate your password to a favorite hobby or sport. For example, I love to play badminton could
becomeILuv2PlayB@dm1nt()n.
If you feel you must write down your password in order to remember it, make sure you don't label it as your password, and
keep it in a safe place.

Source:
● [Link]
● [Link]

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● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
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● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link]
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