International Certificate in

Wealth and Investment

Management

Effective from 2nd March 2021

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Objective of the examination

The objective of the examination is to provide a test of competence for individuals

engaged in private client asset management (discretionary portfolio management) and
fund management.

Syllabus structure

The unit is divided into elements. These are broken down into a series of learning
objectives.

Each learning objective begins with one of the following prefixes: know, understand or
be able to calculate. These words indicate the different levels of skill to be tested.

• know requires the candidate to recall information such as facts, rules and
principles

• understand requires the candidate to demonstrate comprehension of an issue,

fact, rule or principle

• be able to calculate requires the candidate to be able to use formulae to

perform calculations

Where a learning objective refers to main or basic, this signifies that the candidate
needs to be aware of the topic’s key principles rather than possessing an in-depth grasp
of the topic.

As this examination has a practical bias, candidates will be tested on topical investment
issues detailed in the syllabus. Some topics may also be examined through the use of
diagrams, charts and other pictorial representations and in the case of the accounting
and investment analysis sections via a basic set of company accounts.

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Candidate Update

Candidates are reminded to check the ‘Candidate Update’ area of the Institute’s website
([Link]/candidateupdate) on a regular basis for updates that could affect their
examination as a result of industry change.

Examination Specification

Each examination paper is constructed from a specification that determines the

weightings that will be given to each element. The specification is given below.

It is important to note that the numbers quoted may vary slightly from examination to
examination as there is some flexibility to ensure that each examination has a consistent
level of difficulty. However, the number of questions tested in each element should not
change by more than two.

Examination specification
100 multiple choice questions
Element number Element Questions
1 The Financial Services Industry 10
2 Industry Regulation 6
3 Asset Classes 9
4 Collective Investments 8
5 Fiduciary Relationships 19
6 Economics and Investment Analysis 15
7 Investment Management 18
8 Lifetime Financial Provision 15
Total 100

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Assessment Structure

Assessment is a 2 hour examination of 100 multiple choice questions.

Candidates sitting the exam by Computer Based Testing may have, in addition, up to
10% additional questions as trial questions that will not be separately identified and do
not contribute to the result. Candidates will be given proportionately more time to
complete the test.

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Summary Syllabus

Element 1 The Financial Services Industry

1.1 The Purpose and Structure of the Financial Services Industry
1.2 Financial markets
Element 2 Industry Regulation
2.1 Financial Services Regulation
2.2 Financial crime
Element 3 Asset Classes
3.1 Cash
3.2 Bonds
3.3 Property
3.4 Equities
3.5 Derivatives
3.6 Commodities
Element 4 Collective Investments
4.1 Investment funds
4.2 Other investment vehicles
Element 5 Fiduciary Relationships
5.1 Fiduciary Duties
5.2 Advising Clients
5.3 Determining client needs
5.4 Taxation
Element 6 Economics and Investment Analysis
6.1 Macroeconomic Theory
6.2 Microeconomic Theory
6.3 Statistics
6.4 Financial Mathematics
6.5 Fundamental and Technical Analysis
6.6 Yields and Ratios
6.7 Valuation
Element 7 Investment Management
7.1 Risk and Return
7.2 Portfolio Construction Theories
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7.3 Investment Strategies

7.4 Performance Measurement
Element 8 Lifetime Financial Provision
8.1 Retirement planning
8.2 Protection planning
8.3 Estate planning, trusts and foundations

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Element 1 The Financial Services Industry

1.1 The Purpose and Structure of the Financial Services Industry

On completion, the candidate should:

know the function of the financial services industry in the economy

• transferring funds between individuals, businesses and

government

• risk management

know the role of the main institutions/organisations

• retail banks

• investment banks

• pension funds

• fund managers

• custodians

• global custodians

understand the roles of investment management and financial

planning in the wealth management sector

• investment managers

• financial planners

• private banks

• platforms

1.2 Financial markets

On completion, the candidate should:

know the main characteristics of order driven markets and quote

driven markets and the differences between principal trading and
agent trading and On Exchange and Over the Counter

know the key steps in settling a trade

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know the basic structure of the foreign exchange market including:

• currency quotes

• settlement

be able to calculate a forward exchange rate

Element 2 Industry Regulation

2.1 Financial Services Regulation

On completion, the candidate should:

know the objectives and benefits of regulation; the main differences

between rules based and principles based approaches to financial
regulation; the role of the main international regulatory
organisations; and how regulations are implemented at a national
level

2.2 Financial crime

On completion, the candidate should:

understand the role of the Financial Action Task Force

know the main offences associated with money laundering and

terrorist financing and the regulatory obligations of financial services
firms

know the stages of money laundering

know the client identity procedures

know what constitutes market abuse and its relationship with insider
dealing

Element 3 Asset Classes

3.1 Cash
On completion, the candidate should:

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know the key features of cash assets

• Interest rates (including negative interest rates)

• Cash deposit

• Money market instruments

• Money market funds

3.2 Bonds
On completion, the candidate should:

know the key features of bonds – risk, interest rate (including

negative interest rates), repayment, trading, nominal value and
market price, coupon, credit rating

understand yields – running yields, yields to redemption, capital

returns, volatility and risk, yield curves

3.3 Property
On completion, the candidate should:

know the key features of property investment

• Direct Property

• Property funds

• Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS)

3.4 Equities
On completion, the candidate should:

understand the following types of equity and equity related

investments

• Types of share – ordinary, common, preference, other

• American and Global Depositary Receipts

• Warrants and covered warrants

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understand the benefits of holding shares

• Dividends

• Subscription rights

• Voting rights

know the main mandatory and optional corporate actions

• Bonus/scrip

• Consolidation

• Final redemption

• Subdivision/stock splits

• Warrant exercise

• Rights issues

• Open offers

3.5 Derivatives
On completion, the candidate should:

know the following characteristics of Futures:

• Definitions

• Key features

• Terminology

know the following characteristics of Options:

• Definition

• Types (Calls & Puts)

• Terminology

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3.6 Commodities
On completion, the candidate should:

understand the main features of commodity markets, and how the

physical characteristics, supply and demand, and storage and
transportation issues influence prices:

• Agricultural

• Metals

• Energy

Element 4 Collective Investments

4.1 Investment funds

On completion, the candidate should:

understand the benefits of collective investment

know the purpose and principal features of the Undertakings for

Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directive (UCITS)
in European markets

know the characteristics of types of investment products:

• Authorised funds and unauthorised funds

• Open-ended funds

• Closed-ended investment companies

know the basic characteristics of Exchange traded funds and how

they are traded

4.2 Other investment vehicles

On completion, the candidate should:

know the characteristics and uses of Structured investments

know the characteristics and uses of Hedge funds

know the characteristics and uses of Absolute Return Funds

know the characteristics and uses of Private equity

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know the characteristics and uses of Commodity funds

know the characteristics and uses of Sukuk investments

Element 5 Fiduciary Relationships

5.1 Fiduciary Duties

On completion, the candidate should:

know when fiduciary responsibilities arise and the main duties and
responsibilities of a financial adviser

know the definition of ‘client’s best interest’ and the implications of

this rule for a financial adviser

know the extent of an adviser’s duty to disclose material information

about a recommended investment

understand the concept of a ‘conflict of interest’ and of its

significance when giving client advice

know the importance of transparency relating to indirect and direct

cost of services

know the fiduciary responsibilities of intermediaries

5.2 Advising Clients

On completion, the candidate should:

understand client categorisation

understand terms of business and client agreements

understand the status of advisers and status disclosure to

customers

understand the ‘know your customer’ rules and its impact on

investment planning

understand the suitability and appropriateness of advice

know the meaning of execution-only sales

know the requirement for disclosure of charges and commission

know the requirement for cooling off and cancellation

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know the requirement for product disclosure

5.3 Determining client needs

On completion, the candidate should:

understand the key stages in investment planning and determining

investment objectives and strategy

understand how to assess a client’s risk tolerance, capacity for loss,

investment experience and the impact of these factors on the
selection of suitable investment products

understand how investment strategy and product selection are

influenced by:

• Ethical preferences

• Liquidity requirements

• Time horizons and stage of life

• Tax status

5.4 Taxation
On completion, the candidate should:

understand the application of the main business taxes:

• Business tax

• Transaction Tax (e.g. Stamp duty reserve tax)

• Tax on sales

understand the direct and indirect taxes as they apply to individuals:

• Tax on income

• Tax on capital gains

• Estate tax

• Transaction tax (Stamp duty)

• Tax on sales

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know the principles of withholding tax

• types of income subject to WHT

• relief through double taxation agreements

• deducted at source

know the principles of double taxation relief (DTR)

know the implications of domicile, residency status and location of

assets

Element 6 Economics and Investment Analysis

6.1 Macroeconomic Theory

know how national income is determined, composed and measured

in both an open and closed economy

• Gross Domestic Product

• Gross National Product

know the stages of the economic cycle

understand the composition of the balance of payments and the

factors behind and benefits of international trade and capital flows

• Current account

• Imports

• Exports

know the nature, determination and measurement of the money

supply and the factors that affect it including Modern Monetary
Theory (MMT)

understand the role of central banks

understand the role, basis and framework within which monetary

and fiscal policies operate;

• Government spending

• Government borrowing

• Private sector investment

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• Private sector spending

• Taxation

• Interest rates

• Inflation

• Currency revaluation / exchange rates / purchasing power parity

• Quantitative easing

know how inflation/deflation and unemployment are determined,

measured and their inter-relationship

know the concept of nominal and real returns

6.2 Microeconomic Theory

understand how price is determined and the interaction of supply

and demand

• supply curve

• demand curve

• reasons for shifts in curves

• elasticity of demand

• change in price

• change in demand

understand the theory of the firm:

• profit maximisation

• short and long run costs

• increasing and diminishing returns to factors

• economies and diseconomies of scale

understand firm and industry behaviour under:

• perfect competition

• perfect free market

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• monopoly

• oligopoly

6.3 Statistics
On completion, the candidate should:

understand the following:

• arithmetic mean

• geometric mean

• median

• mode

(this may be examined by use of a simple calculation)

understand the measures of dispersion:

• variance (sample/population)

• standard deviation (sample/population)

• range

(this may be examined by use of a simple calculation)

understand the correlation and covariance between two variables

and the interpretation of the data

6.4 Financial Mathematics

On completion, the candidate should:

be able to calculate the present and future value of:

• lump sums

• regular payments

• annuities

• perpetuities

be able to calculate and interpret the data for:

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• simple interest

• compound interest

6.5 Fundamental and Technical Analysis

On completion, the candidate should:

know the difference between fundamental and technical analysis

• primary objectives

• quantitative techniques

• charts

• primary movements

• secondary movements

• tertiary movements

6.6 Yields and Ratios

On completion, the candidate should:

understand the purpose of the following key ratios:

• Return on capital employed (ROCE)

• Asset turnover

• Net profit margin

• Gross profit margin

understand the purpose of the following gearing ratios:

• Financial gearing

• Interest cover

understand the purpose of the following liquidity ratios:

• Working capital (current) ratio

• Liquidity ratio (acid test)

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• Cash ratio

• Z score analysis

understand the purpose of the following investors’ ratios:

• Earnings per share (EPS)

• Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation

(EBITDA)

• Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT)

• Historic and prospective price earnings ratios (PERs)

• Dividend yields

• Dividend cover

• Price to book

6.7 Valuation
On completion, the candidate should:

know the basic concept behind shareholder value models:

• Economic Value Added (EVA)

• Market Value Added (MVA)

• Gordon’s Growth model

Element 7 Investment Management

7.1 Risk and Return

On completion, the candidate should:

understand the time value of money

understand the varying investment returns from the main different

asset classes – ‘risk-free’ rates of return and the risk premium

understand how risk is measured – volatility, the significance of

standard deviation as a measure of volatility, the importance and
limitations of past performance data

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understand the measurement of total return and the significance of

beta and alpha

7.2 Portfolio Construction Theories

On completion, the candidate should:

know the main principles of Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and the
Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH):

understand the assumptions underlying the construction of the

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and its limitations

know the main principles behind Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT)

understand the concepts of behavioural finance:

• key properties

• heuristics

• prospect theory

• cognitive illustrations

7.3 Investment Strategies

On completion, the candidate should:

understand the main equity strategies:

• active/passive/core-satellite investment

• top-down/bottom-up investment styles

understand the framework of ESG investing

understand bond strategies

understand the use of different asset classes within a portfolio

understand the use of funds as part of an investment strategy

7.4 Performance Measurement

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On completion, the candidate should:

understand how benchmarking can be used to measure

performance

understand the use of performance attribution techniques

understand the terms money weighted and time weighted return

Understand the concepts of the following ratios:

• Sharpe

• R-squared

• Maximum drawdown

• Standard deviation

Element 8 Lifetime Financial Provision

8.1 Retirement planning

On completion, the candidate should:

understand the impact of intended retirement age on retirement

planning

know the types of retirement planning products, associated risks

and suitability criteria and methods of identifying and reviewing

be able to calculate the financial needs for retirement

know the elements to be included in a recommendation report to

clients

8.2 Protection planning

On completion, the candidate should:

know the main areas in need of protection:

• family and personal protection

• mortgage

• long term care

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• business protection

understand the need for assessing priorities in life and health

protection – individual and family priorities

understand the requirement for prioritising protection needs

understand how to quantify protection needs

know the basic principles of life assurance:

• Types

• proposers

• lives assured

• single and joint life policies

know the main product features of:

• critical illness insurance

• accident and sickness protection

• medical insurance

• long term care protection

know the main product features of business insurance protection:

• key person

• shareholder

• partnership

understand the factors to be considered when identifying suitable

protection product solutions and when selecting product providers

know the elements to be included in a recommendation report to

clients

8.3 Estate planning, trusts and foundations

On completion, the candidate should:

understand the key concepts in estate planning:

• assessment of the estate

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• power of attorney

• execution of a will

• inheritance tax

• life assurance

know the uses of family investment vehicles

• trusts and the types of trust available

• offshore trusts

• offshore foundations

• investment companies

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