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Magnetic Dipoles and Oscillation Periods

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43 views4 pages

Magnetic Dipoles and Oscillation Periods

Uploaded by

mathsbykeshav
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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[Link]/Ebooks_Encyclopedia27. t.

me/Magazines4all

PHYSICS
JEE-Main | JEE-Advance | NEET | BOARDS
by

[Link] IIT Roorkee (AIR 23)


Ex. Faculty ALLEN CAREER INSTITUTE, KOTA
[1]

DPP - Daily Practice Problems


Chapter-wise Sheets
Date : Start Time : End Time :

PHYSICS CP19
SYLLABUS : Magnetism and Matter

Max. Marks : 180 Marking Scheme : (+4) for correct & (–1) for incorrect answer Time : 60 min.

INSTRUCTIONS : This Daily Practice Problem Sheet contains 45 MCQs. For each question only one option is correct.
Darken the correct circle/ bubble in the Response Grid provided on each page.

1. Two identical magnetic dipoles of magnetic moments (a) er = 0.5, mr = 1.5 (b) er = 1.5, mr = 0.5
1.0 A-m2 each, placed at a separation of 2 m with their axis (c) er = 0.5, mr = 0.5 (d) er = 1.5, mr = 1.5
perpendicular to each other. The resultant magnetic field at 5. If the period of oscillation of freely suspended bar magnet
point midway between the dipole is in earth’s horizontal field H is 4 sec. When another magnet
(a) 5 × 10–7 T (b) 5 × 10–7 T is brought near it, the period of oscillation is reduced to 2s.
The magnetic field of second bar magnet is
(c) 10–7 T (d) 2 × 10–7 T
2. Two identical thin bar magnets each (a) 4 H (b) 3 H (c) 2 H (d) 3H
N
of length l and pole strength m are 1
6. Three identical bars A, B and C are made of different magnetic
placed at right angles to each other, materials. When kept in a uniform magnetic field, the field
with north pole of one touching 2 lines around them look as follows:
south pole of the other, then the
magnetic moment of the system is S 1

N2 S2
A B C
(a) 1 ml (b) 2 ml (c) 2 ml (d) ml/2
3. The magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet
(a) are from north-pole to south-pole of the magnet Make the correspondence of these bars with their material
(b) do not exist being diamagnetic (D), ferromagnetic (F) and paramagnetic
(c) depend upon the area of cross-section of the bar magnet (P):
(d) are from south-pole to north-pole of the magnet (a) A « D, B « P, C « F
4. Relative permittivity and permeability of a material er and mr, (b) A « F, B « D, C « P
respectively. Which of the following values of these (c) A « P, B « F, C « D
quantities are allowed for a diamagnetic material? (d) A « F, B « P, C « D

RESPONSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
GRID 6.
Space for Rough Work
[Link]/Ebooks_Encyclopedia27. [Link]/Magazines4all

DPP/ CP19
7. Curie temperature is the temperature above which These materials are used to make magnets for elecric
(a) a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic generators, transformer core and electromagnet core. Then
(b) a paramagnetic material becomes diamagnetic it is proper to use :
(c) a ferromagnetic material becomes diamagnetic (a) A for transformers and B for electric generators.
(d) a paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic (b) B for electromagnets and transformers.
8. A watch glass containing some powdered substance is placed (c) A for electric generators and trasformers.
between the pole pieces of a magnet. Deep concavity is (d) A for electromagnets and B for electric generators.
observed at the centre. The substance in the watch glass is 14. Which of the following is responsible for the earth’s magnetic
(a) iron (b) chromium (c) carbon (d) wood field?
9. A coil in the shape of an equilateral triangle of side l is (a) Convective currents in earth’s core.
suspended®between the pole pieces of a permanent magnet (b) Diversive current in earth’s core.
such that B is in the plane of the coil. If due to a current i in (c) Rotational motion of earth.
the triangle a torque t acts on it, the side l of the triangle is (d) Translational motion of earth.
1 15. In a vibration megnetometer, the time period of a bar magnet
1
2 æ t ö2 æ t ö2 oscillating in horizontal component of earth's magnetic field
(a) ç ÷ (b) 2çç ÷÷ is 2 sec. When a magnet is brought near and parallel to it, the
3 è B.i ø è 3B.i ø time period reduces to 1 sec. The ratio H/F of the horizontal
2 æ t ö 1 t component H and the field F due to magnet will be
(c) ç ÷ (d)
3 è B.i ø 3 B.i (a) 3 (b) 1/3 (c) 3 (d) 1/ 3
10. A compass needle whose magnetic moment is 60 Am2, is 16. Let V and H be the vertical and horizontal components of
directed towards geographical north at any place earth's magnetic field at any point on earth. Near the north
experiencing moment of force of 1.2 × 10–3 Nm. At that place pole
the horizontal component of earth field is 40 micro W/m2. (a) V >> H (b) V << H (c) V = H (d) V = H = 0
What is the value of dip angle at that place? 17. A thin circular wire carrying a current I has a magnetic
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 15° moment M. The shape of the wire is changed to a square
11. The materials suitable for making electromagnets should and it carries the same current. It will have a magnetic
have moment
(a) high retentivity and low coercivity 4 4 p
(b) low retentivity and low coercivity (a) M (b) M (c) M (d) M
2 p
(c) high retentivity and high coercivity p 4
18. A bar magnet of magnetic moment M is placed at right angles
(d) low retentivity and high coercivity to a magnetic induction B. If a force F is experienced by
12. The length of a magnet is large compared to its width and each pole of the magnet, the length of the magnet will be
breadth. The time period of its oscillation in a vibration (a) F/MB (b) MB/F (c) BF/M (d) MF/B
magnetometer is 2s. The magnet is cut along its length into 19. If the susceptibility of dia, para and ferro magnetic materials
three equal parts and these parts are then placed on each are cd, cp, cf respectively, then
other with their like poles together. The time period of this (a) cd < cp < cf (b) cd < cf < cp
combination will be (c) cf < cd < cp (d) cf < cp < cd
2 2 20. The basic magnetization curve for a ferromagnetic material
(a) 2 3 s (b) s (c) 2 s (d) s
3 3 is shown in figure. Then, the value of relative permeability
13. Hysteresis loops for two magnetic materials A and B are is highest for the point
given below :
1.5
B R S
D
1.0
B(Tesla)

0.5
H H P

(A) (B) O 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3
H (× 10 A/m)
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S

7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
RESPONSE
12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
GRID
17. 18. 19. 20.
Space for Rough Work
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DPP/ CP19
21. A magnetic needle suspended by a silk thread is vibrating configuration corresponds to the lowest potential energy
in the earth’s magnetic field. if the temperature of the needle among all the configurations shown ?
Q4
is increased by 700ºC, then
(a) time period decreases (a) PQ3
(b) time period increases
(c) time period remains unchanged
(b) PQ4 Q5 P
(d) the needle stops vibrating Q1 Q2
22. Torques t1 and t2 are required for a magnetic needle to
remain perpendicular to the magnetic fields at two different (c) PQ5
places. The magnetic fields at those places are B1 and B2
(d) PQ6 Q6
B1
respectively; then ratio is 29. A dip needle lies initially in the magnetic meridian when it
B2 shows an angle of dip q at a place. The dip circle is rotated
t2 t1 through an angle x in the horizontal plane and then it shows
(a) (b)
t1 t2 an angle of dip q'.
t1 + t 2 t1 - t 2 tan q '
(c) (d) Then is
t1 - t 2 t1 + t 2 tan q
23. A bar magnet has a length 8 cm. The magnetic field at a 1 1 1
point at a distance 3 cm from the centre in the broad side-on (a) (b) (c) (d) cos x
cos x sin x tan x
position is found to be 4×10–6 T. The pole strength of the 30. Two tangent galvanometers having coils of the same radius
magnet is. are connected in series. A current flowing in them produces
(a) 6 × 10–5 Am (b) 5 × 10–5 Am deflections of 60º and 45º respectively. The ratio of the number
(c) 2 × 10–4 Am (d) 3 × 10–4 Am of turns in the coils is
24. A vibration magnetometer consists of two identical bar magnets
placed one over the other such that they are perpendicular 3 +1 3 +1 3
(a) 4/3 (b) (c) (d)
and bisect each other. The time period of oscillation in a 1 3 -1 1
horizontal magnetic field is 25/4 seconds. One of the magnets 31. Following figures show the arrangement of bar magnets in
is removed and if the other magnet oscillates in the same field, different configurations.
r Each magnet has magnet ic dipole
then the time period in seconds is moment m . Which configuration has highest net magnetic
(a) 21/4 (b) 21/2 (c) 2 (d) 23/4 dipole moment?
25. A magnetic needle is kept in a non-uniform magnetic field. It N
experiences
(a) neither a force nor a torque N S
(a) (b) S N
(b) a torque but not a force S S N
(c) a force but not a torque
(d) a force and a torque N
N
26. The angle of dip at a place is 37° and the vertical component
of the earth’s magnetic field is 6 × 10–5T. The earth’s (c) 30º (d) 60º
magnetic field at this place is (tan 37° = 3/4) S N S N
(a) 7 × 10–5 T (b) 6 × 10–5 T
–5 32. A compass needle which is allowed to move in a horizontal
(c) 5 × 10 T (d) 10–4 T
plane is taken to a geomagnetic pole. It :
27. Needles N1, N2 and N3 are made of a ferromagnetic, a (a) will become rigid showing no movement
paramagnetic and a diamagnetic substance respectively. A (b) will stay in any position
magnet when brought close to them will (c) will stay in north-south direction only
(a) attract N1 and N2 strongly but repel N3 (d) will stay in east-west direction only
(b) attract N1 strongly, N2 weakly and repel N3 weakly 33. If a magnetic dipole of moment M situated in the direction of
(c) attract N1 strongly, but repel N2 and N3 weakly a magnetic field B is rotated by 180°, then the amount of
(d) attract all three of them work done is
28. The figure shows the various positions (labelled by MB
subscripts) of small magnetised needles P and Q. The arrows (a) MB (b) 2MB (c) (d) 0
show the direction of their magnetic moment. Which 2

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.


RESPONSE
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
GRID
31. 32. 33.
Space for Rough Work
[Link]/Ebooks_Encyclopedia27. [Link]/Magazines4all

DPP/ CP19
34. A bar magnet is oscillating in the earth’s magnetic field with 40. The susceptibility of annealed iron at saturation is 5500.
a period T. What happens to its period of motion, if its mass Find the permeability of annealed iron at saturation.
is quadrupled (a) 6.9 × 10–3 (b) 5.1 × 10–2 (c) 5 × 102 (d) 3.2 × 10–5
(a) motion remains simple harmonic with new period = T/2 41. A short magnet oscillates in an oscillation magnetometer
(b) motion remains simple harmonic with new period = 2 T with a time period of 0.10s where the earth¢s horizontal
(c) motion remains simple harmonic with new period = 4T magnetic field is 24 mT. A downward current of 18 A is
(d) motion remains simple harmonic and the period stays established in a vertical wire placed 20 cm east of the magnet.
nearly constant Find the new time period.
35. The magnetic field of earth at the equator is approximately 4 (a) 0.076 s (b) 0.5 s (c) 0.1 s (d) 0.2 s
× 10–5 T. The radius of earth is 6.4 × 10 6 m. Then the dipole 42. A permanent magnet in the shape of a thin cylinder of
moment of the earth will be nearly of the order of: length 10 cm has magnetisation (M) = 106 A m–1. Its
(a) 1023 A m2 (b) 1020 A m2 (c) 1016 A m2 (d) 1010 A m2 magnetization current IM is
36. The relative permeability of a medium is 0.075. What is its (a) 105 A (b) 106 A (c) 107 A (d) 108 A
magnetic susceptibility? 43. The earth’s magnetic field lines resemble that of a dipole at
(a) 0.925 (b) – 0.925 (c) 1.075 (d) –1.075 the centre of the earth. If the magnetic moment of this dipole
37. A dip circle is so set that its needle moves freely in the is close to 8 × 1022 Am2, the value of earth’s magnetic field
magnetic meridian. In this position, the angle of dip is 40º. near the equator is close to (radius of the earth = 6.4 × 106 m)
Now the dip circle is rotated so that the plane in which the
needle moves makes an angle of 30º with the magnetic (a) 0.6 Gauss (b) 1.2 Gauss
meridian. In this position, the needle will dip by an angle (c) 1.8 Gauss (d) 0.32 Gauss
(a) 40º (b) 30º (c) more than 40º (d) less than 40º 44. The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnet
38. The mid points of two small magnetic dipoles of length d in gets demagnetized is 3 × 103 Am–1. The current required to
end-on positions, are separated by a distance x, (x > > d). be passed in a solenoid of length 10 cm and number of turns
The force between them is proportional to x–n where n is: 100, so that the magnet gets demagnetized when inside the
solenoid, is:
N S
S N (a) 30 mA (b) 60 mA (c) 3 A (d) 6 A
45. A thin bar magnet of length 2 l and breadth 2 b pole strength
x m and magnetic moment M is divided into four equal parts
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 with length and breadth of each part being half of original
39. At a temperatur of 30°C, the susceptibility of a ferromagnetic magnet.
material is found to be c. Its susceptibility at 333°C is Then, the magnetic moment of each part is
(a) c (b) 0.5c (c) 2c (d) 11.1c (a) M/4 (b) M (c) M/2 (d) 2 M

34. 35. 36. 37. 38.


RESPONSE
39. 40. 41. 42. 43.
GRID
44. 45.
DAILY PRACTICE PROBLEM DPP CHAPTERWISE CP19 - PHYSICS
Total Questions 45Total Marks 180
Attempted Correct
Incorrect Net Score
Cut-off Score 50 Qualifying Score 70
Success Gap = Net Score – Qualifying Score
Net Score = (Correct × 4) – (Incorrect × 1)
Space for Rough Work

Space for Rough Work

Common questions

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The torque τ on a compass needle is given by τ = M * B * sin(δ), where M is the magnetic moment, B is the magnetic field strength, and δ is the dip angle. With τ = 1.2 × 10⁻³ Nm and B = 40 × 10⁻⁶ T, solve for sin(δ) ≈ (1.2 × 10⁻³) / (60 × 40 × 10⁻⁶) = 0.5, thus δ = 30°. Therefore, the dip angle at this location is 30° .

The magnetic moment M of a loop is related to the area A enclosed by the loop and the current I, given by M = I * A. When the shape of a wire loop changes from a circle to a square while maintaining the same current, the enclosed area decreases due to the difference in geometry. For a given perimeter, a circle encloses the maximum area. Consequently, the magnetic moment decreases because the square shape encloses less area compared to the circular one, with the new magnetic moment being M * (4/ π).

Hysteresis refers to the lag between changes in magnetization and the magnetic field applied, visible on a hysteresis loop. Materials with narrow hysteresis loops (low coercivity) are preferred for transformer cores as they minimize energy loss during repeated magnetization cycles. Electromagnets may use materials with broader hysteresis loops when adjacent field retention is necessary. Selecting such materials involves balancing hysteresis losses and magnetic performance suitability for applications .

The Curie temperature is the critical point at which a ferromagnetic material loses its permanent magnetism and becomes paramagnetic. This occurs because thermal energy overcomes the alignment of the magnetic domains, causing the material to lose its ordered magnetic state and turn into a state where magnetic moments are randomized. Thus, above this temperature, the material cannot maintain its ferromagnetic properties .

The presence of a second magnet can alter the surrounding magnetic field experienced by the oscillating bar magnet in a vibration magnetometer, thereby changing the oscillation period. If the second magnet has a magnetic field in the same direction as Earth's field, it can increase the effective field, reducing the period of oscillation. Conversely, if it opposes Earth's field, the effective field decreases, increasing the period. This illustrates the superposition principle of magnetic fields .

Near Earth's poles, the vertical component of the magnetic field is significantly greater than the horizontal component because the magnetic field lines enter or exit the Earth vertically. Hence, V >> H is expected, contrary to any assumption of equal values. This disparity arises from Earth's inclination of magnetic field lines concentrated vertically at the poles due to its dipolar nature .

A vibration magnetometer operates on the principle that a suspended magnetic dipole, such as a bar magnet, will oscillate in the horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field. The period of oscillation is inversely proportional to the square root of the horizontal field strength. By measuring the oscillation period, one can calculate the horizontal magnetic field using the formula T = 2π √(I/(mH)), where I is the moment of inertia of the magnet, m is its magnetic dipole moment, and H is the horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field .

In a uniform magnetic field, ferromagnetic materials concentrate the field lines inside them, making them excellent magnetic field carriers, resulting in strong attraction. Paramagnetic materials weakly attract magnetic lines, resulting in lesser concentration without significant effect on the external field lines. Diamagnetic materials oppose the magnetic field, slightly reducing magnetic field line density within and around them. Thus, observing the density and distribution of magnetic field lines around a material can help identify its magnetic property classification .

Materials for constructing electromagnets should have high magnetic permeability to allow them to effectively carry magnetic flux. Additionally, they should possess low coercivity and high retentivity to ensure that the material can easily gain and retain magnetization. This minimizes the energy loss during the magnetization and demagnetization cycles, making the electromagnet efficient .

As temperature increases, the oscillation period of a magnetic needle in Earth's magnetic field typically increases because thermal agitation affects the magnetic domains within the needle, reducing its effective magnetic moment. This demonstrates that the needle is likely made from a ferromagnetic material whose domain alignment is affected by temperature, thus altering its magnetic properties and consequently its oscillatory period .

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