MULTISYSTEM-I Module

3rd Year MBBS

 Table of Contents

Themes .................................................................................................... 3

General Learning Objectives .......................................................................... 3

Theme -1: (Vomitting & blurred vision) .............................................................. 3

Theme-2: (Palpitation, fainting and death) ......................................................... 9

Theme-3: (Heredity and Cancers) ...................................................................17

Practical work .......................................................................................... 24

2
 Themes

S. No Themes Duration
1 Vomiting and blurred vision 1 week
2 Palpitation, fainting and death 1 week
3 Heredity and Cancers 2 Weeks

Hours Allocation
S. No Subject Hours
1 Pharmacology 29
2 Pathology 24
3 Forensic medicine 25
4 Community medicine 12
5 Medicine 1
6 PRIME/Research 2
7 Family medicine 1
Total 94

3
 General Learning Objectives
1) Explain the functional organization of Autonomic Nervous system (ANS)
2) Describe the basic and clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on the ANS
3) Describe anticancer drugs
4) Describe the basic and clinical pharmacology of Eicosanoids.
5) Describe the basic and clinical pharmacology of drugs used for common skin
problems.
6) Describe the clinical uses of some popular herbal medications.
7) Describe single Gene Disorders, cytogenetic disorders and different mutations
8) Describe the molecular Genetics Diagnosis
9) Define neoplasia and nomenclature of tumors
10) Describe characteristics of benign and malignant tumors
11) Describe epidemiology of cancer
12) Describe carcinogens, their types and clinical aspects of neoplasia
13) Describe diagnosis of cancer, grading and staging of tumors
14) Describe pathways for tumor spread and tumor immunity
15) Describe the protocols and procedures of autopsy.
16) Describe Thanatology and its medicolegal implications.
17) Describe general principles of Toxicology and their role in medicolegal sciences.
18) Describe the fundamentals of Research Ethics

4
 Specific Learning objectives
Hours S.
Subject Topic At the end of this module, the
No
students of year-3 will be able to:
Theme-1 (Vomiting and Blurred vision)
Functional 1 Describe the functional
Physiology organization of 1 organization of ANS and its related
ANS- neurotransmitters and receptors
and overview
Introduction to
the Enlist major autonomic
Pharmacology 2
pharmacology neurotransmitters.
of Autonomic
Nervous
System (ANS)
Enlist various types of cholinergic,
3 adrenergic and dopaminergic
receptors discovered so far.
Describe the organ system
4 distribution of autonomic
receptors.
Describe presynaptic receptors
5 (autoreceptors and
heteroreceptors).
Describe inotropy, chronotropy and
6
dromotropy.
Cholinomimetic
drugs 7 Classify cholinomimetic drugs.
(Parasympatho-
mimetic drugs)
Enlist the naturally-occurring
8
cholinomimetic alkaloids.
Enlist major organophosphate
9
compounds.
Enlist the organophosphates used
10
as “Nerve gases”.

5
 Describe the pharmacokinetics of
11 cholinomimetics with emphasis on
metabolism and duration of action.

6
 Describe the mechanism of action
12 of directly-acting and indirectly-
acting cholinomimetics.
Describe the organ system effects
of directly-acting and indirectly-
13 acting cholinomimetics with special
reference to their effects on
receptors.
Describe the clinical uses of
14
cholinomimetics.
Describe the cholinomimetics used
15 in glaucoma and Alzheimer’s
disease.
Describe the use of Edrophonium to
16 differentiate between cholinergic
crisis and Myasthenic crises.
Describe the adverse effects of
17
cholinomimetics.
Describe the clinical manifestations
18
of organophosphate poisoning.
Describe the clinical manifestations
19
of mushroom poisoning.
Explain the pharmacological
rationale of prophylactic use of
20 Pyridostigmine in situations where
chemical warfare with nerve gases
is anticipated.
Enlist the contraindications of
21
cholinomimetics.
Classify anticholinergic drugs
Anticholinergic drugs
22 (Parasympatholytics/Cholinoceptor
(Parasympatholytics)
-blocking drugs).
Describe belladonna alkaloids with
23
reference to their natural sources.
Describe the pharmacokinetics of
24
antimuscarinic drugs with emphasis

7
 on metabolism and duration of
action.
Describe the mechanism of action
25
of antimuscarinic drugs.
Describe the organ system effects
of antimuscarinic drugs with special
26
reference to their effects on
receptors.
Describe the clinical uses of
27
antimuscarinic drugs.
Describe the drug treatment of
28
organophosphate poisoning.
Enlist cholinesterase regenerating
29
compounds.
Describe “aging” of the
phosphorylated enzyme complex
30 and its clinical importance
regarding the management of
organophosphate poisoning.
Describe the drug treatment of
31
mushroom poisoning.
Describe the adverse effects of
32
antimuscarinic drugs.
33 Describe atropine fever.
Name the antidote for atropine
34
poisoning.
Describe the contraindications of
35
antimuscarinic drugs.
Ganglion-blocking Enlist major ganglion-blocking
36
drugs drugs.
Describe the mechanism of action
37
of ganglion-blocking drugs.
Describe the organ system effects
38
of ganglion-blocking drugs.
Enlist the clinical uses of ganglion-
39
blocking drugs.

8
 Enlist the adverse effects of
40
ganglion-blocking drugs.
Forensic
Poison & related laws 41 Define a poison
Medicine
Describe laws related to poisoning
42
or drug use.
Legal duties of a
Explain legal, ethical, and moral
Registered Medical
43 duties of Registered Medical
Practitioner in a case
Practitioner in a case of poisoning.
of poisoning
Enumerate different routes of
Fate of Poison 44
administration of poisons.
45 Describe Biotransformation.
Enlist the route of excretion of
46
Poisons
Describe the protocols of
Diagnosis of poisoning
47 diagnosing poisoning in living and
in living and dead
Dead
Antidotes 48 Define and classify antidotes
Describe the mechanism of action
49
of different antidotes
Steps of management Describe general steps of
50
in a case of poisoning management in a case of poisoning
Describe the mechanism of action
Organophosphate
51 of commonly used organophosphate
group
poisons.
Describe the characteristics finding
52 for organophosphate group in
postmortem examination.
describe different signs and
53 symptoms for organophosphate
group.
Describe the medico-legal
54 importance for organophosphate
group.

9
 Explain fatal dose, fatal period,
55 and treatment for organophosphate
poisons.
Community Describe the global distribution and
medicine Smoking 1 55
increase of smoking
56 Discuss the causes of smoking
Discuss the effects of smoking on
57
Health
Describe preventive and control
58
Measures
Describe International health
International Health 1 59
regulations and their importance
Describe preventive measures for
60 travelers visiting disease endemic
areas
Role of international Enumerate international health
health agencies in public 1 61 agencies working in health sector
health
Discuss structure and function of
62 WHO & UNICEF

Explain the roles of WHO & UNICEF in

63 Pakistan

PRIME/ Research Ethics 1 64 Define ethics in research

Research
Discuss importance of research
65
Ethics
66 Discuss principles of ethics
67 Describe the theories of ethics
68 Discuss research misconduct
Referencing 1 69 Differentiate between references,
citation & bibliography
70 List different styles of referencing
71 Select appropriate referencing style
for a research project

10
 Theme-2: (Palpitation, fainting and death)
Classify sympathomimetic drugs
according to the spectrum of
Sympathomimetic adrenoceptors they affect and on
Pharmacology 72
drugs the basis of their mode of action
(directly-acting and indirectly-
acting).
Define Catecholamines with
73
examples.
Describe the pharmacokinetics of
74 sympathomimetic drugs with
emphasis on their metabolism.
Describe the mechanism of action
75
of sympathomimetics.
Describe the organ system effects
of sympathomimetics with special
76
reference to their effects on
receptors.
Compare the effects of Adrenaline,
Noradrenaline, Phenylephrine and
77
Isoprenaline on heart rate and
blood pressure.
Describe the clinical uses of
78
sympathomimetics.
Describe the drug treatment of
79
Anaphylactic shock.
Describe the dose-dependent
80 effects of Dopamine and its clinical
importance.
Describe the sympathomimetic
81 drugs used in the management of
glaucoma.
82 Describe the role of mannitol
and acetazolamide in the
treatment of Glaucoma
Describe the adverse effects of
83
sympathomimetics.

11
 Describe hypertensive cheese
84
Reaction

12
 Enlist the foods with high Tyramine
85
content.
Describe the drug interactions of
86 sympathomimetics with Monoamine
oxidase inhibiting drugs.
Describe the treatment of
87
accidental overdose of adrenaline.
Classify sympatholytic drugs
Sympatholytic drugs
(adrenoceptor antagonists) on the
(Adrenoceptor 88
basis of spectrum of adrenoceptors
antagonists)
they affect.
89 Name the prototype α-blocker.
Name the α-blocker having more
90
specificity for prostate muscle.
Describe the mechanism of action
91
of α-blockers.
Describe the organ system effects
of α-blockers with special
92
reference to their effects on
receptors.
Describe the phenomenon of
93
epinephrine reversal.
Describe the clinical uses of α-
94
blockers.
Describe the adverse effects of α-
95
blockers.
96 Name the prototype β-blocker.
Enlist the β-blockers with intrinsic
97 sympathomimetic activity (partial
agonist activity).
Enlist the β-blockers with
98 membrane stabilizing activity
(Na channel-blocking activity).
Enlist the β-blockers which have
99
proved to be inverse agonists.

13
 Enlist the β-blockers which are
100 relatively safe in chronic stable
heart failure.
Enlist the β-blockers which are
101 relatively safe in asthmatic
patients.
Describe the pharmacokinetics of
102
propranolol.
Describe the mechanism of action
103
of β-blockers.
Describe the organ system effects
of β-blockers with special
104
reference to their effects on
receptors.
Describe the clinical uses of β-
105
blockers.
Describe β-blockers used in the
106
management of glaucoma.
Describe stage fright and name the
107
β-blocker used for its management.
Describe the adverse effects of β-
108
blockers.
Name the antidote for β-blockers’
109
toxicity.
Enlist the contraindications of β-
110
blockers.
Describe the limitations of beta-
blockers in patients with Diabetes
111 Mellitus, Hyperlipidemias,
Bronchial Asthma and peripheral
arterial disease.
Enlist mixed adrenoceptor
112 antagonists (Labetalol and
Carvedilol).
Describe the clinical uses of mixed
113
adrenoceptor antagonists.

14
Forensic Thanatology/Death
medicine 114 Describe death.

115 Describe phases of death.

116 Define brain death.

Describe the criteria of brain

117
death.
Describe the role of EEG/ECG in
118
death.

119 Explain apparent death.

120 Describe human tissue act.

Describe medicolegal importance of

121
death.
Postmortem changes
122 Define Post Mortem changes.

123 Classify Post-mortem changes.

Describe immediate, early and late

124
changes of post-mortem.

125 Describe Post-mortem lividity.

Describe the steps to report

changes due to post-mortem
126
Lividity
Rigor mortis
127 Define Rigor Mortis.

Describe the mechanism of

128
formation of Rigor mortis
Describe the special features of
129
Rigor Mortis.
Describe time consumed to develop
130
Rigor mortis.
Describe chemical basis of Rigor
131
Mortis.
15
 Describe factors affecting Rigor
132
Mortis.
Describe the conditions that
133
simulate Rigor Mortis.
Describe procedure of its
134
confirmation.
Describe medico legal importance
135
of Rigor Mortis.
Cooling of dead body
(Algor Mortis) 136 Define Algor Mortis?

Describe different methods of

recording the temperature of dead
137
body.
Describe the PM body cooling
138
curve?
Describe the formula/calculation
139
used for time since death.
Late P.M. changes &
putrefaction 140 Define putrefaction?

Describe the process of

141
Putrefaction

142 Describe stages of putrefaction.

Describe order of progression in

143
putrefaction.
Describe factors affecting
144
Putrefaction.

145 Describe Casper dictum.

Describe medicolegal importance of

146
putrefaction.
Maceration
147 Define maceration.

148 Describe features of maceration.

149 Discuss differentiation point for

maceration
16
 150 Discuss medicolegal importance of
maceration.
Adipocere formation
(Saponification) 151
Define Adipocere formation.

152 Describe features of Adipocere

formation.
Discuss medicolegal importance of
153
Adipocere formation.
Mummification
154 Define Mummification.

155 Describe features of Mummification.

156 Discuss medicolegal importance of

Mummification.
Introduction to
autopsy 157 Define Autopsy.

Describe the modified continental

158 system and compare it with other
medicolegal systems in the world.
159 Classify types of Autopsy.
Describe the role of Autopsy in
160
Criminal offences.
Describe section 174 and 176 of the
161 Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC),
1973
Describe the components of
Modern autopsy suite 162
modern autopsy suite
Describe the precautions taken
163 while working in modern autopsy
suites
Explain the hazards encountered in
164
modern autopsy suites
Describe pre-examination in
Autopsy Protocol 165
Autopsy.
Describe the protocol of
166 examination of clothes, and
external examination in autopsy.
17
 Classify and describe different
167
autopsy incisions.
Describe internal examination in an
168
autopsy.
Describe the procedure to collect
169
different autopsy samples.
170 Describe the chain of custody.
Describe the steps of writing an
171
autopsy report
Describe autopsy procedure for
172
death due to heat and cold.
Exhumation 173 Define exhumation.
Describe authorisation of autopsy
174
surgeon for exhumation.

18
 175 Describe protocol of exhumation.
176 Describe time limit for exhumation.
Describe the precautions for
177
exhumations.
Describe the procedure to collect
178
samples.
Describe the limitations of
179
exhumations.
180 Describe the scope of exhumation.
Describe the steps of examination
Skeletonized body 181 of a skeletonized body to assess its
race, age, sex and stature
Describe the protocol for autopsy
182
of a skeletonized body
Describe cause of death in such
183
cases.
Describe nature of injury and type
184
of weapon used in such cases.
Describe time since death in such
185
cases.
Negative autopsy 186 Define negative autopsy.
Describe causes of the negative
187
autopsy.
188 Describe concealed trauma.
Autopsy artifacts and
189 Describe autopsy artefacts.
hazards
Describe the importance of forensic
190
artefacts.
Describe effect of artefacts on the
191
opinion of post-mortem report.
Describe infanticide and its related
Infanticide 192
law.
Describe the Age of viability and its
193
medico legal significance.
Describe the concept of live birth
194
and separate existence.

19
 Describe the Hydrostatic test and
195
its importance.
Explain Cause of death, i.e. acts of
196
commission and acts of omission
Describe sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS)

Autopsy of an Describe the protocols for autopsy

197
infected body of the infected dead body.
Describe the precautions required
198
for autopsy of an infected person.
Enlist the diseases transferred from
199
during autopsy infected dead body
Autopsy of Describe autopsy of a fragmentary
200
fragmentary remains remains and mutilated body.
Discuss the protocols adopted for
201
autopsy of fragmentary remains
Describe the samples needed for
202
autopsy of fragmentary remains.
Embalming 203 Define Embalming.
Enlist the chemical used for
204
Embalming.
Describe the procedure for
205
Embalming.
206 Describe the used of Embalming.

20
21
Community
Child labor and Child 1 207 Define child labor
Medicine Abuse
Describe different types of child
208
labor and its effects
209 Describe statistics of child labor
Describe governments` actions
210
against child labor
Define IPEC 2011 (international
211 program on elimination of child
Labor
212 Define child abuse

Describe different forms of child

213 abuse
and its effects
214 Describe statistics of child
abuse

215 Describe the preventive strategies

regarding child abuse

1 Describe approach to manage a

General management
Medicine 216 poisoned patient in accident and
of poisons
emergency department

22
 Theme-3: (Heredity and Cancers)
Define the term mutation,
hereditary, congenital, genotype,
Pathology Genetics 217
phenotype, codon, Mendelian
Disorder
Mutations 218 Describe various types of mutations
Describe trinucleotide-repeat
219
Mutations
Enlist few examples of
220
trinucleotide-Repeat Disorders
Describe mutations in
221
mitochondrial genes
Transmission pattern
Enumerate transmission patterns of
of single Gene 222
single gene disorders
disorders
Describe biochemical and
223 molecular basis of Autosomal
Dominant Disorders
Enlist few examples of Autosomal
224
Dominant Disorders
Describe biochemical and
225 molecular basis of Autosomal
Recessive disorder
Enlist few Examples of Autosomal
226
Recessive Disorders
Describe mechanism of
227
transmission of X-Linked disorders
Enumerate examples of X-Linked
228
Disorders
Biochemical and
Discuss enzyme defects and their
molecular basis of 229
consequences
single gene disorders
Describe defects in receptors and
230
transport system
Describe alterations in structure,
231 functions or quantity of non-
enzyme proteins

23
 Describe genetically determined
232
adverse reactions to drugs
Complex multigeneic Describe multigeneic disorders with
233
disorders Examples
Cytogenetic Disorders Discuss Trisomy 21 and its
234
involving Autosomes molecular basis
Describe diagnostic clinical
235
features of Trisomy 21
Describe the basic principles of
Molecular genetic various molecular techniques
236
diagnosis including PCR, FISH and
Southern/Western blotting
Enumerate indications of these
237
techniques.
Define the terms:
neoplasia, neoplasm, oncology,
Introduction to
238 tumor, benign tumor, malignant
Neoplasia
tumor, anaplasia, metaplasia,
differentiation and dysplasia.
Describe the basic principle of
Nomenclature of nomenclature of tumors with
239
Tumors respect to tissue of origin, benign
and malignant nature
Characteristics of
Describe characteristics of benign
Benign and Malignant 240
and malignant tumors
Tumors
Differentiate between benign and
241
malignant tumors
Describe characteristics of benign
and malignant neoplasms in terms
242 of differentiation, anaplasia, rate
of growth, local invasion and
Metastasis
Describe the epidemiology of
Epidemiology of
243 cancer with respect to overall
Cancer
incidence of cancer and various

24
 host factors (age and hereditary)
that predisposes to cancer
Discuss the epidemiology of cancer
with respect to geographical and
244
environmental factors that
predispose to cancer
Molecular Basis of Describe the molecular/genetic
245
Cancer basis of carcinogenesis
246 Describe genetic lesions in cancer
Define oncogene, proto-oncogene
247
and Oncoproteins.
Carcinogenesis 248 Enumerate carcinogens
Describe the process of
249
carcinogenesis
Describe the hallmarks of cancer
250
cells and process involved
251 Describe the role of p53
Discuss properties of chemical
Types of Carcinogens 252
Carcinogens
Describe direct and indirect
253 chemical carcinogens and their
mechanism of action
Describe the mechanism of
254
radiation carcinogenesis
Enumerate viral and bacterial
255
Carcinogens
Describe mechanism of
256 carcinogenesis by viral and
microbial oncogenes
Clinical Aspects of
257 Define cachexia
neoplasia
Describe the clinical features of
258 neoplasia including effects of
tumor on host cancer cachexia
Describe the clinical significance of
259
paraneoplastic syndromes

25
 Describe clinical syndromes with
respect to its causal mechanism
260
and major forms of underlying
Cancer
Describe morphologic, biochemical
Diagnosis of Cancer 261 and molecular methods employed
for diagnosis of cancer
Describe the pathways for spread
Pathways for tumor
262 of tumors like local invasion and
spread
metastasis
Grading and Staging Describe grading and staging of
263
of tumors Tumors
Discuss host defenses against
Tumor immunity 264
Tumors
Describe tumor antigens and anti-
265
tumor effect mechanisms
Describe tumor surveillance and
266
Immune evasion by the tumors
Describe terms like cell cycle-
Pharmacology Anticancer drugs 267 specific drugs and cell cycle-
nonspecific drugs.
Describe the role of P-glycoprotein
268 in relation to the development of
resistance to cytotoxic drugs.
269 Classify anticancer drugs.
Describe general adverse effects of
270
anticancer drugs.
Describe the mechanism of action
271
of alkylating agents.
Describe the clinical uses and
272 adverse effects of Busulfan and
Cyclophosphamide.
Describe the mechanism of action,
273 clinical uses and adverse effects of
Cisplatin.
Describe in general the mechanism
274
of action of antimetabolites.
26
 Describe the mechanism of action,
clinical uses, adverse effects and
275 contraindications of Methotrexate,
Azathioprine, 6-Mercaptopurine
and 5-Fluorouracil.
Describe the drug interaction of
276 Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine
with Allopurinol.
Describe the natural source of
277 plant alkaloids Vinblastine and
Vincristine.
Describe the mechanism of action,
278 clinical uses and adverse effects of
Vinblastine and Vincristine.
Describe the mechanism of action,
clinical uses and adverse effects of
279
Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin,
Dactinomycin and Bleomycin.
Enlist the anticancer mechanism of
action and uses of hormonal agents
280
like Tamoxifen, Flutamide,
Goserelin and Aminoglutethimide.
Enlist the drugs of choice for ALL,
AML, CLL, CML, Hodgkin’s disease,
281 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Ca
breast, Ca lung, Ca prostate and Ca
stomach.
Describe cancer treatment
modalities (primary induction,
282
adjuvant, neo-adjuvant and
maintenance chemotherapy)
Describe the antidotes of
283 Methotrexate, Cyclophosphamide
and Doxorubicin toxicity.
Eicosanoids-
284 Classify eicosanoids.
Prostaglandins

27
 Describe the mechanism of action
285
of Prostaglandins.
Describe the organ system effects
286
of Prostaglandins.
Describe the clinical uses of
287
Prostaglandins.
Describe the prostaglandins used in
288
the management of glaucoma.
Describe the pharmacologic effects
289
of Thromboxane’s2.
Describe dermatologic formulations
Dermatologic like creams, ointments, gels,
290
preparations lotions, pastes, powders, tinctures
and wet dressings.
Describe the choice of
dermatologic formulation with
291
reference to the nature of the
lesion.
Drug treatment of Enlist the drugs used for the
292
scabies treatment of Scabies
Describe the method of application
of Permethrin, Crotamiton and
292
Benzyl benzoate for treating
scabies.
Enlist the drugs used for treating
Drug treatment of
293 Acne (including antibiotics and
Acne vulgaris
hormonal agents).
Describe the mechanism of action
and adverse effects of Benzoyl
294
peroxide, Tretinoin and
Isotretinoin.
Describe the teratogenicity of
295
Isotretinoin.
Drug treatment of Enlist the drugs used for treating
296
Psoriasis Psoriasis.

28
 Describe the teratogenicity of
297
Acitretin.

Describe the terms like herbal

medications, botanicals and
Herbal medications 298 nutritional supplements with
special reference to drug
regulatory factors.
Describe the pharmacologic effects
299 and intended uses of Garlic (Allium
sativum).
Describe the drug interactions of
300
Garlic with Warfarin and Aspirin.
Describe the possible medicinal use
301
of Kalonji (Nigella sativa).
Describe the pharmacologic effects
302
and intended uses of Ginseng.
Describe the drug interactions of
303 Ginseng with antipsychotic and
hypoglycemic medications.
Describe the intended clinical uses
304
of Coenzyme Q10.
Describe the drug interactions of
305
Coenzyme Q10 with Warfarin.
Community Enlist the common cancers
Cancers 1 306
Medicine prevalent in Pakistan
Describe the burden and
307 epidemiology of common cancers
prevalent globally and in Pakistan
Describe the prevention and
308
control of cancers
Describe various governmental
programs and strategies for the
prevention of cancers
309

29
Family medicine Cancer screening 310 Identify red-flags in patient which
need referral for cancer screening
311 Explain the psychosocial impact of
disease on patient and their
families
312 Describe the indications, rationale
and common diseases which
require routine cancer screening

30
 Practical work
Lipoma Identify the morphological changes
Pathology 313
occurring in lipoma
Squamous cell Identify morphological changes of
314
carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma
Fibro adenoma Enlist points of identification of
315 gross and microscopic features of
fibro adenoma of breast
Karyotyping Demonstrate preparation of
316
Karyogram
Identify gender on the basis of
317
Karyogram
Identify common numerical
318 chromosomal abnormalities on
Karyogram
Introduction to 319 Differentiate between Qualitative
experimental and Quantitative experiments.
Pharmacology
Pharmacology
(experiments on
isolated piece of
rabbit's Ileum)
320 Recognize various parts of Tissue
Organ Bath and describe their
functions.
321 Describe the ingredients and their
quantities required for preparing
the Tyrode’s Solution.
322 Describe the technique of
slaughtering of rabbit and removal
of a piece of ileum.
323 Describe the fixation of piece of
ileum in the inner organ bath.
324 Enumerate the causes of tissue
death.
Ceiling effect for 325 Demonstrate ceiling effect for
Parasympathomimeti Acetylcholine on the isolated piece
c drug (Acetylcholine) of rabbit’s ileum by adding proper

31
 doses of the drug into the inner
organ bath.
326 Interpret the recording of
acetylcholine-induced ileal activity
on the revolving drum.
327 Demonstrate washing of the inner
organ bath for the subsequent
doses of Acetylcholine.
328 Construct tables and graphs for
inference of the results.
Antagonism between 329 Demonstrate surmountable
acetylcholine and antagonism between acetylcholine
atropine and atropine on piece of rabbit’s
ileum by adding proper doses of the
drugs into the inner organ bath.
330 Interpret the recording of
acetylcholine- and Atropine-
induced ileal activity on the
revolving drum.
331 Construct tables and graphs for
inference of the results.
Ceiling effect for 332 Demonstrate ceiling effect for
Histamine Histamine on the isolated piece of
rabbit’s ileum by adding proper
doses of the drug into the inner
organ bath.
331 Interpret the recording of
Histamine -induced ileal activity on
the revolving drum.
332 Demonstrate washing of the inner
organ bath for the subsequent
doses of Histamine.
333 Construct tables and graphs for
inference of the results.
Antagonism between 334 Demonstrate surmountable
Histamine and antagonism between Histamine and
antihistamine antihistamine on piece of rabbit’s

32
 ileum by adding proper doses of the
drugs into the inner organ bath.
335 Interpret the recording of
Histamine- and antihistamine-
induced ileal activity on the
revolving drum.
336 Construct tables and graphs for
inference of the results.
To identify an 337 Demonstrate ceiling effect for the
unknown drug on known agonist drug (Acetylcholine
rabbit’s ileum with or Histamine) on the isolated piece
the help of two of rabbit’s ileum by adding proper
known antagonists doses of the drug into the inner
organ bath.
338 Demonstrate surmountable
antagonism between the agonist
drug and the unknown antagonists
(Atropine and antihistamine) on
piece of rabbit’s ileum by adding
proper doses of the drugs into the
inner organ bath.
339 Interpret the recording of drug-
induced ileal activity on the
revolving drum.
340 Construct tables and graphs for
inference of the results.
Introduction to 341 Demonstrate measuring the pupil
experimental size.
Pharmacology
(effects of drugs on
rabbit's Eye)
342 Demonstrate corneal reflex.
343 Demonstrate light reflex.
Effects of 344 Demonstrate the effect of
Parasympathomimeti Pilocarpine on the size of the pupil
c drug (e.g., in the test eye in comparison with
the control eye.

33
 Pilocarpine) on
rabbit’s eye
345 Demonstrate the effect of
Pilocarpine on the colour of the
conjunctiva in the test eye in
comparison with the control eye.
346 Demonstrate the effect of
Pilocarpine on the corneal reflex in
the test eye in comparison with the
control eye.
347 Demonstrate the effect of
Pilocarpine on the light reflex in
the test eye in comparison with the
control eye.
Effects of 348 Demonstrate the effect of
Sympathomimetic Ephedrine on the size of the pupil
drug (e.g., in the test eye in comparison with
Ephedrine) on the control eye.
rabbit’s eye
349 Demonstrate the effect of
Ephedrine on the colour of the
conjunctiva in the test eye in
comparison with the control eye.
350 Demonstrate the effect of
Ephedrine on the corneal reflex in
the test eye in comparison with the
control eye.
351 Demonstrate the effect of
Ephedrine on the light reflex in the
test eye in comparison with the
control eye.
Effects of 352 Demonstrate the effect of
Parasympatholytic Tropicamide on the size of the
drug (e.g., pupil in the test eye in comparison
Tropicamide) on with the control eye.
rabbit’s eye

34
 353 Demonstrate the effect of
Tropicamide on the colour of the
conjunctiva in the test eye in
comparison with the control eye.
354 Demonstrate the effect of
Tropicamide on the corneal reflex
in the test eye in comparison with
the control eye.
355 Demonstrate the effect of
Tropicamide on the light reflex in
the test eye in comparison with the
control eye.
Effects of Local 356 Describe the mechanism of action
anaesthetic (e.g., of Proparacaine regarding its
Proparacaine) on effects on the eye.
rabbit’s eye
357 Demonstrate the effect of
Proparacaine on the size of the
pupil in the test eye in comparison
with the control eye.
358 Demonstrate the effect of
Proparacaine on the colour of the
conjunctiva in the test eye in
comparison with the control eye.
359 Demonstrate the effect of
Proparacaine on the corneal reflex
in the test eye in comparison with
the control eye.
360 Demonstrate the effect of
Proparacaine on the light reflex in
the test eye in comparison with the
control eye.
To identify an 361 Demonstrate the effect of the
unknown drug on unknown drug on the size of the
rabbit’s eye pupil in the test eye in comparison
with the control eye.

35
 361 Demonstrate the effect of the
unknown drug on the colour of the
conjunctiva in the test eye in
comparison with the control eye.
362 Demonstrate the effect of the
unknown drug on the corneal reflex
in the test eye in comparison with
the control eye.
363 Demonstrate the effect of the
unknown drug on the light reflex in
the test eye in comparison with the
control eye.
364 Interpret the results.
365 Identify the unknown drug.
Construct a full autopsy report
Forensic
Autopsy report 366 including all components after
medicine
thorough examination.
Explain the procedures, organ
Toxicology Sample
367 needed, and preservation used in
collection
sample collection.
interpret the toxicology report
Toxicology Report
368 received and then incorporate it in
Analysis
final opinion.
Identify and describe various
Thanatology 369
models of post-mortem changes
Perform stomach wash on a
Stomach wash 370
manikin

36