ABES Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad

Subject Code: KCS 072 Subject Name: Natural Language Processing

Year: 4/VII Branch: CSE/CSDS/CSAI/CSIOT/IT
Question Bank (ODD SEMESTER 2023-24)

COURSE OUTCOMES
CO 1 To learn the fundamentals of natural language processing.
CO 2 To understand the use of CFG and PCFG in NLP.
CO 3 To understand the role of semantics of sentences and pragmatic.
CO 4 To Introduce Speech Production and Related Parameters of Speech.
To Show the Computation and use of Techniques such as Short Time Fourier
CO 5 Transform, Linear Predictive Coefficients and Other Coefficients in the analysis of
speech.

Q.1 CO
Discuss in short about the origins of NLP and the challenges it faces in the
a. 1
world today.
What is Language Modelling? Name and explain 2 different types of LM’s. 1
b.
Describe Regular Expressions or RegEx? Also explain the basic rules and 1
c.
terms used to define it.
Write in short about English Morphology and Lexicons used in Finite State 1
d.
Transducers (FST)?
What is tokenization? How is it used to find the Minimum edit distance? 1
e.
Write in brief about N-Gram models. Also explain their evaluation process. 1
f.
Explain Smoothing (Discounting), Interpolation and Backoff in N-Gram 1
g.
models.
What are word classes? Write about Parts-of-speech (POS) tagging and the 1
h.
different tags used for basic word classes with examples?
What are the different types of tagging? Write in brief about each one. 1
i.
Discuss the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Maximum Entropy Markov 1
j.
Model (MEMM)? How are they used in the process of POS tagging?

Q.2 CO
a. Write in short about Context Free Grammar. 2
Describe the different grammar rules used in English that are useful for NLP? 2
b.
What are treebanks? Give the different combinations of a sentence as well. 2
c.
Write in short about the Normal Form in CFG (Context-Free Grammar). 2
d.
Explain the concept of ambiguity and parsing along with their types. 2
e.
Write in brief about Shallow (Chunking) parsing. Also write about the 2
f.
evaluation of the models.
 What is Probabilistic Context Free Grammar? Write about the consistency of 2
g.
a PCFG model.
Explain Probabilistic CYK Parsing and write about the problems faced by it. 2
h.
Write in short about Probabilistic Lexicalised CFG’s and write about feature 2
i.
structures formed from it.
What is Feature Structure Unification? Explain the following with the help of 2
j.
an example.

Q.3 CO
a. Write in short about the requirements for representation and its types. 3
Discuss in detail about first order logic and description logic. 3
b.
Write about Semantics roles and analysis along with attribute grammar. 3
c.
What are word senses? Explain in brief. 3
d.
Discuss the relations between word senses? Write in detail about each one. 3
e.
Write a short note on Thematic roles? 3
f.
Write a note on Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) and their evaluation 3
g.
using thesaurus.
Describe the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) in detail. 3
h.
Discuss the Maximum Entropy Markov Model. 3
i.

Q.4 CO
What are consonants? Write about the different parts. 4
a.
Classify the different types of Time signals based on an independent variable 4
b.
and explain them with the help of examples.
What are the some of the abstract factors on which one can classify signals. 4
c.
Write in brief.
What are the different operations that can be carried out on signals? 4
d.
Write a short note on Short Time Fourier Series? 4
e.
Write a note on Linear Predictive Coding (LPC)? 4
f.
Explain the concept of filter banks with their types. 4
g.

Q.5 CO
a. Write in short about Feature Extraction and the techniques used for it. 5
What are the different types of coefficients? Write in detail about each one. 5
b.
 What are speech distortion measures? Name the 2 considerations used for the 5
c.
same.
Describe the log spectral distances and Cepstral Distances. 5
d.
Prove that 5

d 

 log S    log S     cn  cn 

e. 2 2


2 n  

Write in brief about spectral distortion using a warped frequency scale and 5
f.
likelihood distortions
Write a short note about Time Alignment and Normalization? 5
g.
Discuss the Dynamic Time Warping in detail. 5
h.
Write about the Multiple time alignment path. 5
i.
What is Baum Welch Re-estimation? Explain. 5
j.
Write in short about the Viterbi Search Algorithm. 5
k.