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Musical - Instruments-Chapter 2

Instrumentos musicales-cap2

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Musical - Instruments-Chapter 2

Instrumentos musicales-cap2

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Vanesa DB
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© All Rights Reserved
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ER 2 jinuous Systems in One Dimension: and Bars chapter, we considered vibrating systems consisting of one or more ings, and dampers. In this chapter, we will focus on systems in elements are distributed continuously throughout the system appearing as discrete elements. We begin with a system composed discrete clements, then allow the numberof elements to grow larger, ly leading to a continuum. Array of Oscillators system with two masses in Fig. 1.20 was shown to have vibrational modes and two longitudinal modes. In both the and transverse pairs, there is a mode of low frequency in which ‘move in the same direction and a mode of higher frequency in ‘move in opposite directions, pnormal modes of a three-mass oscillator are shown in Fig, 2.1. The are constrained to move in a plane, and so there are six normal modes three longitudinal and three transverse. Each longitudinal mode gher in frequency than the corresponding transverse mode. If the free to move in three dimensions, there would be 3 x 3=9 Jes, three longitudinal and six transverse. the number of masses and springs in our linear array increases ber of normal modes. Each new mass adds one longitudinal mode and ‘masses move in a plane) one transverse mode. The modes of tion for mass/spring systems with N= I to 24 masses are in Fig. 2.2; note that as the number of masses increases, the system modes. ber of masses in our linear system increases, we take less and ‘of the individual elements, and our system begins to resemble a ig string with mass distributed uniformly along its length. 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JBq E JO SuONwIg!A [BUOsSIO 2841 8 J0 suoneaqyA TeUoIIO, 927 s1eq pur suing ‘uorsusuc] 2u0 Ur swaIsKg snonuHUOD ZZ 64 2 Continuous Systems in One Dimension: Strings and Bars References Crawford, FS. J. (1965). “Waves.” Chapter 2. McGraw-Hill, New York (Cremer, L.(1981)."Physik der Geige” Hirtzl Verlag, Stuttgart. English transl 4S. Allen, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984. Fletcher, NAH. (1976). Plucked strings—a review. Catgut Acoust, Soc. Newsletter, No. 26, 13-17 Fletcher, NH. (1977), Analysis ofthe design and performance of harpsichords. Acustica 37, 139-147 Gillan, FS. and Elliot, 8. (1989). Measurement of the torsional modes of vibration ‘of strings on instruments ofthe violin family. J. Sound Vib. 130, 347-381 Hall, D.E. (1986). Piano string excitation in the case of small hammer mass ‘J, Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 141-147. |, DEE. (1987a). Piano string excitation TI: General solution for a hard narrow hammer, J. Acoust, Soc. Am. 81, 535-546, Hall, D.E. (19876). Piano string excitation TH: General solution for a soft narrow hhammer. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 547-555, Helmholtz, HLF. (1877). "On the Sensations of Tone,” 4th ed, trans. AJ. Ells (Dover, New York, 1954). Kemt, ELL. (1982), Influence of iregular patterns in the inhatmonicity of piano-tone partials upon piano tuning practice. Das Mustkinstrument 31, 1008-1013. Kinsler, LE, Frey, A.R., Coppens, A.B., and Sanders, J.V. (1982). "Fundamentals of “Acoustics,” 3rd ed, Chapters 2 and 3. New York. Kondo, M., and Kubota, H. (1983). A new identification expression of Helmholtz ‘waves. SMAC 83. (A. Askenfel, . Felicetti, E. Jansson, and J. Sundberg, eds), pp. 245-261. Royal Swedish Acad. Music, Stockholm. Krigar-Menzel, O. and Raps, A. (1981), Aus der Sitzungberichten, Ann. Phys. Chem 44, 613-641. Lawergren B. (1980), On the motion of bowed violin strings. Acustica 44, 194~206. Melntyre, M.E., Schumacher, RT, and Woodhouse, J (1981). Aperiodicity of bowed stting motion. Acustica 4, 13-32. Melniyre, M.E, and Woodhouse, J. (1982). The acoustics of stringed musical instruments. Interdise. Sei. Rev. 3, 157-173, Reprinted in "Musical Acoustics ‘Selected Reprints” (T.D. Rossing, ed), Am. Assn. Physics Teach, College Park Maryland, 1988. “Morse, P.M, (1948) “Vibration and Sound," 2nd ed, Chapters 3 and 4. McGraw-Hill ‘New York, Reprinted by Acoust. Soe. Am, Woodbury, New York, 1982 Raman, C.V. (1918). On the mechanical theory ofthe vibrations of bowed strings and ‘of musical instruments of the violin family, with experimental verification of the results: Part 1. Indian Assoc. Cultivation Sci, Bull. 18, 1-138. Ex in “Musical Acoustics, Part I" (CM. Hutchins, ed.) Dowden, Hutchinson, Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 1975 Rossing. T.D. (1982). “The Science of Sound,” Chapters 10 and 13. Addison-Wesle Reading, Massachusetts. Schelleng J.C, (1973). The bowed string and the player. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. §3, 26-4. Schelleng, (1974), The physics ofthe bowed string. Scientific Am. 235(1), 87.95. Weinrcich, G. (1979). The coupled motions of piano strings. Scientific Am. 240( 118-27 tion by Hi

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