JDK:- JDK stands for java development kit ,internally contains JRE and JVM where JRE

stands for java runtime environment and JVM stands for java virtual [Link] provides
all the tools to work with java language.

JRE:-JRE stands for Java runtime environment its provide an environment to execute the
java [Link] internally contains JVM which is responsible to execute a java program.

(X)JVM:-JVM stand for java virtual machine it is the software in the form of interpreter
witter in “C” language through which we can execute our java programs.

JVM+libery

JRE JRE=JVM+libary

JDK JDK=JRE+JVM(library)
Q. What is java?
[Link] is a class based high level object oriented programming language developed by
“James gosling” and his friend in the year 1991.
The first version of java(jdk 1.0)was released
on the year 23 rd jun,1996 by sun micro system.

Syntax:- class class name

{
Public static void main(String args[])
{
[Link](“hello”);
}
}
Rule:-1) Save-->class [Link]
2) compilation->javac class [Link]
3) Execution->java class name

[Link] of java?.
 Java is a totally computer based programming language developed by “sun micro
system”.
 In the year 1991 “James gosling” and his friend start a project.
Team->Green talk
 James gosling->greentalk
Extension-> .gt
 Greentalk->Oak(rename)
 Oak- Oak technology
National tree(USA,France etc)

 Oak-Java(1995)
 Java-setbox,television,remote etc.
 Java-Internate programming
 Version-JDK alpha & Beta,1995 (By sun micro system)
Lates version-JDK 15(2020,oracle)
 [Link]-oracle car portion,2010.
JAVA

Core JAVA Android JAVA

Advance Java
[Link] program compilation and execution?
Ans. Compilation process Interpreter(JVM)
.java .class

Javac ( Source code ) class loades

.Class byte code verification

output

JVM memory
[Link] is comment?
[Link] are the statement that are totally ignored by the compiler and interpreter.
[Link] we used comment?
Ans.1)The comments can be used to provide explanation about the program.
2) Comment makes program more understandable and readable to the other.
Type:-I)Single line comment//. . . . //
Ii)Multilevel line comment/*. . . . */
Ii)Documentation comment/**. . . .*/
[Link] type java:- Data type specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in
the variable.
Data type

Primary user defined

(primitive) (non-preemtive)
class
Interface
Numeric Non numeric Arrays
char (2 byte) string
Integer Decimal Boolean(1 bit)

Byte(1 byte) float( 4 byte)

Short(2 byte) double(8 byte)
Int(4 byte)
Long(8 byte)
[Link] is variable?
[Link] is the name of memory location in other word we can say it is user defined
name which is given by user variable can store any types of values.
Variable Type

Local variable Static variable Instance variable

1) Local variable:-A variable which is declared inside the body of the method or method
parameter called local variable.

Syntax- Void fun (int x) local variable.

{
Int x; //local variable
}
2)Instance variable:-A variable which is declared inside the class but outside of all the
method called instance variable.

Syntex:- class A
{
Int a ;//instance variable
}
3)Static variable:-A variable which is declared with the help of static keyword called static
variable.
Syntax- static int x;

Ex 1. class A
{
static int b=20; //static
int c=30; //instance

public static void main(String[ ],args)

{
int a=10; //local
A ref=new A();
[Link](a);
[Link](A.b);
[Link](ref.c);
}
}
output - 10
20
30

Ex-2
class A
{
static int b=10; //static
void fun()
{
int b=10;
[Link](a+" "+b);//10
++a;
++b;//11
}
public static void main(String[ ],args)
{
A r=new A();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
output- 10 10
11 10
Ex-3
class
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=10,b=20;
[Link]("sum="+(a+b));
}
}
output- sum =30
[Link] is Type casting?
[Link] casting is nothing but converting one data type to another data type is called
type casting.
Type casting

Implicit Explicit
1) Implicit type casting:- It is automatically performed by the compiler.
Ex- class
{
public static void main(String args[ ])
{
int a=10; //4 byte
double b=a; // 8 byte
[Link](b)
} } output-10.0
2) Explicit type casting:-By default the compiler,doesn’t allow the explicit type casting.
Ex-
class A
{
public static void main(Strings args[])
{
double a=10.5;
int b=(int) a;
[Link](b);
}
}
output -10.
[Link](scanner class):- Scanner is predefined class in java which is available a
[Link]. It is used to get user input.
Rule:- 1)If we use scanner class ,must have to create object of scanner class.
Syntex object_name=new Scanner([Link]);
2 ) Scanner class method-
1) nextLine(); : String
2) nextInt(); :Integer
3) nextFloat(); :Floating
4) nextBoolean(); : True or false
5) nextDouble(); : Double
3) Import Scanner class package at the top line of program:
Syntex: import [Link] Scanner;
4) Wrong Input (Input mismatch Exception)
[Link]([Link]()):- It is an output statement in java through which we can
point the variable,expression and many more context.
Syntex:- 1) pre defined class
2) [Link] package.
out in

System
Exapmle-class A
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
float a;
[Link]("Enter data");
Scanner obj=new Scanner([Link]);
a=[Link]();
[Link]("Get data",+a);
}
}
output-Enter data
get data 1.00
User Input-
import [Link];
class Userinput
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a, b;
Scanner obj=new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter value");
a=[Link]();
b=[Link]();
[Link](a+" "+b);
}
}
[Link] is token?
[Link] is the smallest element of a program that is identified by a compiler. Every java
statement and expression are created using token.
Token type- keyword identifier operater separater literal .

Example-
class A
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=10;
b=20;
int c=a+b;
[Link](c);
}
}
*** 1)Keyword- int,static,void
50 - 2 unused
48
2)Identifier:- Variable,method,class_name.
3) Operator:-+,-,*,/,%,&&,||,++,--.
4) Separate:-; , . : () {}
5) Litreral
Q.1)What is keyword?
[Link]’s are the reserved word whose meaning is already defined in the compiler
called keyword.
Note - * (not used)
**(Added in 1.2V)
***(Added in 1.4V)
****(Added in 5.0V) 50 keyword --- 2 unused
48 keyword are used
Java key words:-
Int continue instanced super boolean
Short break interface this abstract
Byte dafault native switch case
Long double new synchronized catch
If extends package throw class
Else implement private throws const*
For final protected try goto*
While finally public transient strictfp****
Do float return void enum***
Char import static volatile assert
 T,F and null just like keyword ,but they are actually literals.
2)identifiers:-
[Link] is identifier?
[Link] java, on identifier is the name of the a variable ,method,class,package or interface
that is used for the purpose of identification.
Example-

Note: -
1)Keyword can’t be used as a identifier.
2Identifier are case -sensitive.
3) We can’t use white space in between identifier.
4) Identifier always starts with letter $(dollar)
Or- . ex- int a.23;
Int _a;
Int $ a;
[Link] is Operater?
[Link] is a symbol that is used to perform operation according to user
requirement(Variable and Values).
Operater Type-
1)Arithmetic(+,-,*,%, -)
2) Relational(<,>,<=,>=,=!,==)
3) Logical(&&,||,!)
4) Increment and Decrement operater
Pre increment : ++I
Post increment: I++
Pre Decrement: --I
Pre Decrement: I--
5) Assigment simple: (=)
 Component(+=,-=,*=,etc)
6) Ternary operater(? :)
7) Bitwise(AND,OR,XOR,complement)
[Link] operater example.
Ans.
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a, b;
[Link]("Enter two num");
Scanner obj = new Scanner([Link]);
a = [Link]();
b = [Link]();
[Link]("add = " + (a + b));
[Link]("sub = " + (a - b));
[Link]("multi = " + (a * b));
[Link]("div = " + (a / b));
[Link]("modul = " + (a % b));
}
}
Enter two num 5 6
add = 11
sub = -1
multi = 30
div = 0
modul = 5
[Link] operation example.
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a, b;
[Link]("Enter two num");
Scanner obj = new Scanner([Link]);
a = [Link]();
b = [Link]();
[Link]("true/false " + (a > b));
[Link]("true/false " + (a < b));
[Link]("true/false " + (a <= b));
[Link]("true/false " + (a >= b));
[Link]("true/false " + (a == b));
[Link]("true/false " + (a != b));

}
}
[Link] operater example.
Ans.
import [Link].*;

class Logical {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link]("logical AND");
[Link]((10 > 5) && (2 > 1));
[Link]((10 > 5) && (2 < 1));
[Link]((10 < 5) && (2 < 1));

[Link]("Logical OR");

[Link]((10 > 5) || (2 > 1));

[Link]((10 > 5) || (2 < 1));
[Link]((10 < 5) || (2 < 1));

[Link]("logical Not");
[Link](!(10 > 5));
[Link](!(10 < 5));
}
}
[Link]/Decrement operater example:-
import [Link].*;

class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
[Link](a);
[Link]("pre,post inrement..");
[Link](a++);
[Link](++a);

[Link]("pre post decrement...");

[Link](a--);
[Link](--a);
}
}
Output-10
pre,post inrement..
10
12
pre post decrement...
12
10
[Link] Operater example.
Ans.
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
[Link](a);
a += 10;
[Link](a);
a -= 10;
[Link](a);
}
}
[Link] perater example
[Link] .1-
import [Link].*;
class Ternary {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 20, Max;
Max = (a > b) ? a : b;
[Link](Max);
}
}
Ex-2
import [Link].*;
class Ternary {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30, Max;
Max = (a > b) ? (a > c ? a : c) : (b > c ? b : c);
[Link](Max);
}
}
[Link] Operater example.
Ans.
import [Link].*;
class Bitwise {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 5, b = 7;
[Link]("AND " + (a & b));
[Link]("OR " + (a / b));
[Link]("XOR " + (a ^ b));
[Link]("Complement " + (~a));
}
}

Output-AND 5
 OR 0
XOR 2
Complement -6
Decision Making.

If statement switch statement

 Simple if
 If else
 If else ladder
 Nested if-else
Looping statement
 While loop
 Do while loop
 For loop
1) Simple if Statement:-It is used when we want to test a condition .
Syntex:-if(condition) statement
{
Condition false
}
true
If block out of if
Example_
import [Link];

class Simple {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int age;
[Link]("Enter your age");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
age = [Link]();
if (age >= 18) {
[Link]("Eligible for votes..");
}
[Link]("Thank you..");
}
}

2) If -else statement:-It is used to execute two statement either if statement on else

statement for a single condition.

Syntex- if(condition) start

 {
} condition false
Else true
{ if block else block
}

example end
import [Link];

class Simple {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter any nuber");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
if (n >= 0)
[Link]("+ve number");
else
[Link]("-ve number");
}
}

R. If else if ladder statement:-If is used when we have only one if is used when we have
only one if block ,multiple else if blocks and at lost one else block.
Syntex:- flowchart
If(condition) start
{

} condition true if st
.elseif(condition)
{ false
} condition true else if st
.elseif(condition)
{ false
} condition true else if st
.else
{ false false
} st
end

Example-
import [Link];

class Ladder {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int marks;
[Link]("Enter marks");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
marks = [Link]();
if (marks > 80) {
[Link]("Topper");
} else if (marks < 80 && marks >= 60) {
[Link]("first");
} else {
[Link]("second");
}
}
}
[Link] if else statement:-Whenever use define if else block,inside this if else block use
define another if else block is called Nested if else statement.
Syntex:-.. flowchart
if()
{ start
if()
{ Condition F Condition
}
Else T T F
{
} Condition F Nested nested
} if statement else st
else
{
if() T
{
}
Else Nested if st Nested else
statement
{
} end
}

Example-
import [Link];
class Nested {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
if (a > b) {
if (a > c) {
[Link](a);
} else {
[Link](c);
}
} else {
if (b > c) {
[Link](b);
} else {
[Link](c);
}
}
}
}
[Link] statement:-switch is a multiple choice decision making selection statement,it
used when we want to select only one case out of multiple cases.
Syntex:- flowchart
switch(Exp)
{ start
case 1:Statement 1;
break; switch(condition)
case 2:Statement 2;
break; case 1 true st 1 break
case n:Statement n;
break; false
default: Statement ;
} case 2 true st 2 break

Default true st
end
Example-
import [Link];

class Switch {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 20, ch;
[Link]("Enter user choice");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
ch = [Link]();
 switch (ch) {
case 1:
[Link]("sum " + (a + b));
break;
case 2:
[Link]("sub " + (a - b));
break;
case 3:
[Link]("Multi " + (a * b));
break;
case 4:
[Link]("Div " + (a / b));
break;
default:
[Link]("Invalid choice...!");
}
[Link]("out of switch....!");
}
}
Looping Statement:-whenever we have to repeat certain statement several times is called
[Link]:-
Start

Loop statement

Condition true

False

end
Advantage:-I)Fast execution
Ii)Reusability
Iii)Decrease loc(line of code)
iV)Memory less
Type:-
i. While
ii. Do-while
iii. For loop
iv. For each loop
1) While loop:-while loop is a pre test loop,it is used when we don’t know that no of
iteration .In advance.
It is also known as entry control loop.

Syntax:-
1. while (condition){ Flowchart
2. //code to be executed
3. Increment / decrement statement
4. }
Example:-10 time print
import [Link];
class While {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 1;
while (n <= 10) {
[Link]("hellllo");
n++;
}
}
}
Example 2:-Infinite time print
import [Link];
class While {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter value ");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
while (n >= 0) {
[Link]("Learn coding");
}
}
}
2)Do-while loop:-Do while loop is a post test loop,it is used when we want to execute loop body at
least once even condition is [Link] is also know as exit.
Systex-
Example-
import [Link].*;
class Dowhile {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 1;
do {
[Link](n + " ");
n++;
} while (n < 10);
}
}
2) For loop:-For loop is the most commonly used loop it is used when we want to perform
initialization,condition and increment/decrement operation in single line.
It is also called entry control loop.
Syntax: Flowchart

Example:-
import [Link].*;
class For {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i;
for(i=1;i<10;i++)
{
[Link](i+" ");
}
}
}
Reverse: for(int I=10;I>=1;I--)
4)For each loop:For each loop mainly used to fetch the values from a collection like array.
Syntax: Floachart
.for(data type var1:var2)
{
}
Example:
import [Link].*;
class For_each {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
for (int b : a) {
[Link](b + " ");
}
} }
5) Nested for loop:-A for loop which contain inside another for loop is called nested for
loop.
Q. Odd/Even number print ?
import [Link].*;
class Oddeven {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter any number: ");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
if (n % 2 == 0) {
[Link]("Even number");
} else {
[Link]("Odd number");
}
}
}
[Link] of two number ?
import [Link].*;
class Add{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a, b, sum;
[Link]("Enter two num..");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
a = [Link]();
b = [Link]();
sum = a + b;
[Link]("Add :" + sum);
}
}
[Link] N natural”Number.
import [Link].*;
class Natural {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, i;
[Link]("Enter [Link] term");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
[Link](i + " ");
}
}
}
Enter [Link] term
5
1234
Q.”Sum of first N natural “Number?
import [Link].*;
class Sum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, i, sum = 0;
[Link]("Enter two digit");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
sum = sum + i;
}
[Link]("Add " + sum);
}
}
[Link] “odd number”in given range.
import [Link].*;
class Odd {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, i;
[Link]("Enter no of term");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i < n; i = i + 2)
[Link](i);
}
}
[Link]”Even number”in given range…
import [Link].*;

class Odd {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, i;
[Link]("Enter no of term");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
for (i = 0; i < n; i = i + 2)
[Link](i);
}
}

[Link] of ” odd or Even”in given Range.

//Even 10(0+2+4+6+8+10=30)
//Odd 10(1+3+5+7+9+11=36)
Ans.
import [Link].*;
class Odd {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, i, sum = 0;
[Link]("Enter no of term..");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
if (n % 2 == 0) {
for (i = 0; i <= n; i = i + 2) {
sum = sum + i;
}
[Link]("Sum of even num " + sum);
} else {
for (i = 1; i < n; i = i + 2) {
sum = sum + i;
}
[Link]("Sum of odd number " + sum);
}
}
}
[Link] character in java
import [Link].*;
class Char {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char ch;
[Link](" Enter charecter..");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
ch = [Link]().charAt(6);
[Link](ch);
}
}
[Link] or Consonant in java.
import [Link].*;
class check {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char ch;
[Link](" Enter charecter..");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
ch = [Link]().charAt(0);
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
[Link]("Vowel");
} else {
[Link]("Consoment");
}
}}
[Link] ASCII value of character.
import [Link].*;
class Ascii {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char ch;
[Link](" Enter charecter..");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
ch = [Link]().charAt(0);
int a = ch;
[Link]("Ascii value of " + ch + " is " + a);
}
}
[Link] A to Z alphabet.
import [Link].*;
class Alphabet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char i;
for (i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
[Link](i + " ");
}
}
}
[Link] number between number.
import [Link].*;
class Max {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 20;
if (a > b) {
[Link](a);
} else {
[Link](b);
}
}
}
Or//
import [Link].*;
class Max {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a, b;
[Link]("Enter two number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
a = [Link]();
b = [Link]();
if (a > b) {
[Link](a);
 } else {
[Link](b);
}
}
}
[Link] power of a number.
import [Link].*;
class Power {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a, b, sum = 1;
[Link]("Enter number..");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
a = [Link]();
[Link]("Enter power..");
b = [Link]();
for (int i = 1; i <= b; i++) {
sum = a * sum;
}
[Link]("power " + sum);
}
}
[Link] gretest number among three number.
import [Link].*;
class Gretest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
if (a > c) {
[Link](a);
} else {
if (b > c)
[Link](b);
else
[Link](c);
}
}
}
[Link] average marks of 5 subject.
import [Link];
class Avg {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a, b, c, d, e;
[Link]("Enter marks of 5 sub");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
a = [Link]();
b = [Link]();
 c = [Link]();
d = [Link]();
e = [Link]();
int sum = a + b + c + d + e;
[Link]("Total marks" + sum);
double Avg = sum / 5.0;
[Link]("Avg marks " + Avg);
}
}
[Link] factorial of a number.
import [Link];
class Fact {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i, n, fast = 1;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
fact = fact + i;
}
[Link]("factorial " + fact);
}
}
[Link] number of digit.
import [Link].*;
class Count {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter the number: ");
int number = [Link]();
int n = number; // taking the copy of the number
int count = 0;
while (n > 0) {
n = n / 10;
count++;
}
[Link]("Number of digits in " + number + " are " + count);
}
}
[Link] for vote or not.
import [Link];
class Vote {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int age;
[Link]("Enter your age");
 Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
age = [Link]();
if (age >= 18) {
[Link]("Eligible for votes");
} else {
[Link]("not elegible for votes");
}
}
}
[Link] multiplication table.
import [Link].*;
class Table {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num, i;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
num = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
[Link](num + "*" + i + "=" + num * i);
}
}
}
[Link] calculate program.
import [Link].*;
class Tax {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int sal;
double tax;
[Link]("Enter salary");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
sal = [Link]();
if (sal <= 10000) {
[Link](sal + "No tax");
} else if (sal > 10000 && sal <= 100000) {
tax = sal * 0.10;
[Link](sal + " " + tax);
} else {
tax = sal * 0.20;
[Link](sal + " " + tax);
}
}
}
Output:-Enter salary 1000010
1000010 200002.0
[Link] program in java
Ans.
import [Link];

class Calculate {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n1, n2, ch, cal;
[Link]("Enter two number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n1 = [Link]();
n2 = [Link]();
[Link]("select operation");
ch = [Link]();
if (ch == 1) {
cal = n1 + n2;
[Link]("Addition" + cal);
} else if (ch == 2) {
cal = n1 - n2;
[Link]("Subtraction" + cal);
} else if (ch == 3) {
cal = n1 * n2;
[Link]("Multiplication" + cal);
} else if (ch == 4) {
cal = n1 / n2;
[Link]("Division" + cal);
} else {
cal = n1 % n2;
[Link]("Remainder" + cal);
}
}
}
[Link] of rectangle program..
import [Link].*;
class Rectangle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int l, b, area;
[Link]("Enter value for sides");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
l = [Link]();
b = [Link]();
area = l * b;
[Link]("Area of rectangle " + area);
}
}
[Link] of circle program.
import [Link].*;
class Area {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final double PI = 3.14, area;
int r;
[Link]("Enter radius of circle");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
r = [Link]();
area = PI * r * r;
[Link]("Area of circle " + area);
}
}
[Link] of Square program.
import [Link].*;
class Square {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, area;
[Link]("Enter side square");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
area = n * n;
[Link]("Area of square " + area);
}
}
[Link] of triangle program.
Ans.
[Link] in java.
import [Link].*;
class Swap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a, b, temp;
[Link]("Enter two number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
a = [Link]();
b = [Link]();
[Link]("Before swapping " + a + " " + b);
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
[Link]("After swapping " + a + " " + b);
}
}
[Link] without using 3rd variable in java.
import [Link].*;
class Swap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a, b;
[Link]("Enter two number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
a = [Link]();
b = [Link]();
[Link]("Before swapping " + a + " " + b);
a = a + b;
b = a - b;
a = a - b;
[Link]("After swapping " + a + " " + b);
}
}
[Link] character lower to upper in java
import [Link];
import [Link].*;
class lower {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char ch;
int ascii;
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter a character in lowercase: ");
ch = [Link]().charAt(0);
ascii = ch;
ascii = ascii - 32;
ch = (char) ascii;
 [Link]("Equivalent character in Uppercase=" + ch);
}
}
[Link] number is positive or negative.
import [Link].*;
class Check {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner a = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
if (n > 0) {
[Link]("+ve number");
} else if (n < 0) {
[Link]("-ve number ");
} else {
[Link]("Neither +ve nor -ve number");
}
}
}
[Link] year program.
import [Link].*;
class Leapyear{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int y;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner a = new Scanner([Link]);
y = [Link]();
if(y%100==0 && y%400==0||y%100!=0 && y%4==0)
{
[Link]("Leap year");
}
else{
[Link]("Not leap year");
}
}
}
[Link] to check Divisibility of 5.
import [Link].*;
class Divisible {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
 if (n % 5 == 0) {
[Link]("DIvisible by 5");
} else {
[Link]("not divisible by 5");
}
}
}
[Link] code of day and print name of day then weekend.
Ans.
import [Link].*;

class Divisible {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
switch (n) {
case 1:
[Link]("Sunday");
break;
case 2:
[Link]("Monday");
break;
case 3:
[Link]("Tuesday");
break;
case 4:
[Link]("Thursday");
break;
case 5:
[Link]("Friday");
break;
case 6:
[Link]("Satarday");
break;
}
}
}
[Link] factor of a number .
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Fact {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner s = new Scanner([Link]);
 int a, fact = 1, i;
[Link]("Enter any number");
a = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i <= a; i++) {
fact = fact * i;
}
[Link]("Fact of " + a + "=" + fact);
}
}
[Link] month number and print number of day in a month.
import [Link].*;
class Month {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
if (n == 1) {
[Link]("jan = 31 days");
} else if (n == 2) {
[Link]("Feb=28 days");
} else if (n == 3) {
[Link]("march=31 days");
} else if (n == 4) {
[Link]("April=29 days");
} else if (n == 5) {
[Link]("May=31 days");
} else if (n == 6) {
[Link]("Jun=30 days");
} else if (n == 7) {
[Link]("July=30 days");
} else if (n == 8) {
[Link]("August=31 days");
} else if (n == 9) {
[Link]("September=30 days");
} else if (n == 10) {
[Link]("October=29 days");
} else if (n == 11) {
[Link]("November=31 days");
} else if (n == 12) {
[Link]("December= 31");
} else {
[Link]("Invalid month number");
}
} }
[Link] number program
import [Link].*;
class Reverse {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, r;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
while (n > 0) {
r = n % 10;
[Link](r + " ");
n = n / 10;
}
}
}
[Link] of digits
import [Link].*;
class Sum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, r,sum=0;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
while (n > 0) {
r = n % 10;
sum=sum+r;
n = n / 10;
[Link]("Sum of digits"+sum);
}
}
}
[Link] Number.(121)
import [Link].*;
class Palindrom {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, r, c, s = 0;
[Link]("Enter any number.." + " ");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
c = n;
while (n > 0) {
r = n % 10;
s = (s * 10) + r;
n = n / 10;
}
 if (c == s)
[Link]("palindrome number");
else
[Link]("Not palindrom number");
}
}
[Link] number program.(153)
import [Link].*;
class Armstrong {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, c, arm = 0, rem;
[Link]("Enter any number.." + " ");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
c = n;
while (n > 0) {
rem = n % 10;
arm = (rem * rem * rem) + arm;
n = n / 10;
}
if (c == arm)
[Link]("Armstrong number");
else
[Link]("Not Armstrong number");
}
}
Q***.Find square root of a number
import [Link].*;
class Squareroot {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter any number.." + " ");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
double m = [Link](n);
[Link]("Square root of " + n + " is " + m);
}
} output-Enter any number.. 16
Square root of 16 is 4.0
[Link] numebr.
import [Link].*;
class Prime{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, i, count = 0;
[Link]("Enter any number.." + " ");
 Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (n % i == 0) {
count++;
}
}
if (count == 2)
[Link]("prime number");
else
[Link]("Not prime number");
}
}
[Link] number.
import [Link].*;
class Perfect{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, i, sum = 0;
[Link]("Enter any number.." + " ");
Scanner ref = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (n % i == 0) {
sum=sum+i;
}
}
if(n==sum)
[Link]("perfect number");
else
[Link]("Not perfect number");
}
}
[Link] between two number.
Ans.
[Link] of Variable Declaration:-
1)The name of the variable is the combination of character(A to Z or a to Z)number
(0 to 9)and two special symbol such as underscore(-) and dollar(&).
Example-int A; int-a;int $;int a2;
2)Varibale name always maintains in the left hand side of assignment operator.
Example-int a=10;
3)First character of variable name must be a letters or underscore or dollar($)
Example-int a; int _a; int $ a;
4)Their should be no blanks between the name of the variable.
Example- int su_m=10 X
5)Except underscore(-)we can’t use any special symbol in the middle of variable
Example-int su_m=10;
6)variable are cause sensitive in java .
Example-int AB=10; [Link](ab) X
7)You can’t use any keywords as a variable name.
Example-int int =10 X
Syntax-data type var_name=value;
Int var _name=10;
Example:-
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
[Link](a);

int _b = 20;
[Link](_b);

int $c = 30;
[Link]($c);

int a1 = 40;
[Link](a1);

int su_m = 90;

[Link](su_m);

int su2m = 70;

[Link](su2m);
}
}
[Link] is Array ?
[Link] is an object in java ,which contains similar type of data in a contiguous memory
location.
Syntax-1)data_type[] var_name;
2)data_type var_name[];
Type- 1D,2D,3D array
Example-
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
[Link](a[3]);
}
}
output-40
Example-
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[6];
int i;
a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;
a[2] = 30;
a[3] = 40;
a[4] = 50;
a[5] = 60;
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output-10 20 30 40 50 60
Example: Dynamic Array:
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int size;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter size of array: ");
size = [Link]();
int a[] = new int[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("Printed array element");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output-Enter size of array: 3
20 10 30
Printed array element
20 10 30

[Link] way to print arrays element

[Link] [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[3];
int i;
a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;
a[2] = 30;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output-10,20,30
[Link] for each loop.
Ans.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[3];
a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;
a[2] = 30;
for (int b : a) {
[Link](b + " ");
}
}
}
Output:-10 20 30
[Link] class method. 1)To String( ) 2)as List( ) 3)deep To string
Ans.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a[] = { "java", "python", "HTML", "C++" };
[Link]("to String() : " + [Link](a));
[Link]("as List():" + [Link](a));
int arr[][] = { { 10, 20 }, { 30, 40 } };
[Link]("deepTo String():" + [Link](arr));
}
}
Output-to String() : [java, python, HTML, C++]
as List():[java, python, HTML, C++]
deepTo String():[[10, 20], [30, 40]]

[Link] array element in reverse order.

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter elemenet in array : ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("Array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
[Link]("Array reverse elemenet:");
for (i = 5 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
[Link] length of Array .
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter element in array: ");
for (i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("Array elemente: ");
for (i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
[Link]("Array length: " + [Link]);
}
}
[Link] array element.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int b[] = new int[5];
int i;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter alement in first array: ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("1st element of array : ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
[Link]("2nd array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
b[i] = a[i];
[Link](b[i] + " ");
}
}
} Output-Enter element in first array: 4 5 6 7 8
1st element of array : 4 5 6 7 8
2nd array element: 4 5 6 7 8
[Link] sum of array element.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i, sum = 0;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter element in array: ");
for (i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("Array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
sum = a[i] + sum;
}
[Link]("\nAddition of array element " + sum);
}
}Output-Enter element in array: 7 8 6 5 8
Array element: 7 8 6 5 8
Addition of array element 34
[Link] array element.
Ans.

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i, n, count = 0;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter element in array: ");
for (i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("Array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
[Link]("Enter the search element");
n = [Link]();
for (i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
if (a[i] == n) {
count++;
 }
}
if (count > 0) {
[Link]("item found" + count + "time");
} else {
[Link]("item not found");
}
}
}
Output-Enter element in array: 5 6 7 8 9
Array element: 5 6 7 8 9
Enter the search element: 1
item not found
[Link] average of array element.
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i, sum = 0;
double avg;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter array element:");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("Array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum = a[i] + sum;
}
avg = sum / 5.0;
[Link]("\nAddition" + sum + "\nAverage" + avg);
}
}
Output-Enter array element:1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Array element: 1 2 3 4 5
Addition15
Average3.0
[Link] array element in ascending order.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i, j, temp;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
for (j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {
if (a[i] > a[j]) {
temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = temp;
}
}
}
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}Output:-Enter array element: 8 4 2 9 3 0
23489
[Link] array element in descending order.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i, j, temp;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
for (j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {
if (a[i] < a[j]) {
temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = temp;
 }
}
}
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output-Enter array element: 8 3 9 2 4 3
98432
[Link] sort () method .
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter any element: ");
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link](a);
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output-Enter any element: 3 9 2 7 1 8
12379

[Link] equals() method.

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int a2[] = new int[5];
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter data in array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("Enter data in array 2 : ");
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
a2[i] = [Link]();
 }
boolean b = [Link](a, a2);
[Link]("Both array are equal " + b + " ");
}
}
Output-Enter data in array: 3 4 5 8 9
Enter data in array 2 : 3 4 5 6 7
Both array are equal false
[Link] copy() method.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter data in array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
int a2[] = [Link](a, 5);
[Link]("Enter data in array 2:");
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link](a2[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output-Enter data in array: 1 2 3 4 5
Enter data in array 2:1 2 3 4 5
[Link] arrays == vs equals()
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
int b[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
if (a == b) {
[Link]("Both are equal");
} else {
[Link]("Both are not equal");
}
}
}
Output-Both are not equal
Equal():-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
int b[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
if ([Link](a, b)) {
[Link]("Both are equal");
} else {
[Link]("Both are not equal");
}
}
}
Output-Both are equal
[Link] Biggest /maximum element in Array.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i, max;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
max = a[0];
for (i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
if (a[i] > max) {
max = a[i];
}
}
[Link]("Maximum element: " + max);
}
}
Output-Enter array element: 4 5 8 9 2
Maximum element: 9
[Link] Smallest/Minimum element in array.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int[5];
int i, min;
 Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter array element: ");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
min = a[0];
for (i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
if (a[i] < min) {
min = a[i];
}
}
[Link]("Minimum element: " + min);
}
}
Output-Enter array element: 3 4 8 0 1
Minimum element: 0

[Link] item in array in java.

Ans.
import [Link];
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int size, loc, item, i;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter arrray size: ");
size = [Link]();
int a[] = new int[size + 1];
[Link]("\nEnter array element:");
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("\nEnter array to location: ");
loc = [Link]();
[Link]("\nEnter new item: ");
item = [Link]();
for (i = size; i > loc; i--) {
a[i] = a[i - 1];
}
a[loc] = item;
size++;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output:-
Enter arrray size: 3
Enter array element:3 4 5
Enter array to location: 1
Enter new item: 7
3745
[Link] item in Array.
Ans.
import [Link];
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int size, loc, i;
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter arrray size: ");
size = [Link]();
int a[] = new int[size + 1];
[Link]("\nEnter array element:");
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("\nEnter array to location: ");
loc = [Link]();

for (i = loc; i < size - 1; i++) {

a[i] = a[i + 1];
}
size--;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
[Link](a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output:-
Enter arrray size: 4
Enter array element:4 5 6 7
Enter array to location: 1
467
Pattern
[Link] print Fibonacci series.
[Link] [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i, term, a = 0, b = 1, c;
[Link]("Enter term: ");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
term = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i <= term; i++) {
[Link](a + " ");
c = a + b;
a = b;
b = c;
}
}
}
Output-Enter term: 13
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144
[Link] to print Tribonacci series.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i, term, a = 0, b = 1, c = 2, d;
[Link]("Enter term: ");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
term = [Link]();
for (i = 1; i <= term; i++) {
[Link](a + " ");
d = a + b + c;
a = b;
b = c;
c = d;
}
}
}Output-Enter term: 13
0 1 2 3 6 11 20 37 68 125 230 423 778

Matrix

[Link] program using 2D array

Ans.
import [Link].*;

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
int m, n;

[Link]("Enter the number of rows & column: \n");

m = [Link]();
n = [Link]();

int arr[][] = new int[10][10];

[Link]("Enter the elements of the matrix: ");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Matrix Initialization
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
arr[i][j] = [Link]();
}
}
[Link]("The elements in the original matrix are: ");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Print the matrix
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
[Link](arr[i][j] + " ");
}
[Link]("");
}
}
}
Output-Enter the number of rows & column: 2 2
Enter the elements of the matrix: 1 2 3 4
The elements in the original matrix are:
12
34
*JAVA PROGRAM TO DISPLAY THE TRANSPOSE OF A MATRIX
import [Link].*;
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
int m, n;
[Link]("Enter the number of rows & column: \n");
m = [Link]();
n = [Link]();

int arr[][] = new int[10][10];

 [Link]("Enter the elements of the matrix: ");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Matrix Initialization
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
arr[i][j] = [Link]();
}
}
[Link]("The elements in the original matrix are: ");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Print the matrix
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
[Link](arr[i][j] + " ");
}
[Link]("");
}
int brr[][] = new int[10][10]; // Transpose Matrix Declaration
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Transpose Matrix initialization
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
brr[j][i] = arr[i][j]; // Store elements in the transpose matrix
}
}
[Link]("After transposing the elements are...");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
[Link](brr[i][j] + " ");
}
[Link]("");
}
}
}
Output-Enter the number of rows & column: 2 2
Enter the elements of the matrix: 1 2 3 4
The elements in the original matrix are:
12
34
After transposing the elements are...
13
24
[Link] two matrix in java program.
import [Link].*;
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
int m, n;
 [Link]("Enter the number of rows & column: ");
m = [Link]();
n = [Link]();

int arr[][] = new int[10][10];

int brr[][] = new int[10][10];
int crr[][] = new int[10][10];
[Link]("Enter the 1st matrix: ");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Matrix Initialization
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
arr[i][j] = [Link]();
}
}
[Link]("Enter the 2nd matrix: ");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Matrix Initialization
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
brr[i][j] = [Link]();
}
}
[Link]("\n1st matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Matrix Initialization
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
[Link](arr[i][j] + " ");
}
[Link]("\n");
}
[Link]("\n2nd matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Matrix Initialization
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
[Link](brr[i][j]+" ");
}
[Link]("\n");
}
[Link]("sum of two matrix: ");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) // Print the matrix
{
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
crr[i][j] = arr[i][j] + brr[i][j];
[Link](crr[i][j] + " ");
}
[Link]("\n");
}
}
}
Output:-
Enter the number of rows & column: 2 2
Enter the 1st matrix: 1 2 3 4
Enter the 2nd matrix: 5 6 7 8
1st matrix:
12
34
2nd matrix:
56
78
Sum of two matrix:
68
10 12
[Link] matrix using 2D array ?
Ans.
import [Link].*;

class Mirror {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Please enter the rows(r) and columns(c): ");
int r = [Link]();
int c = [Link]();
int array[][] = new int[r][c];
int newArray[][] = new int[r][c];
for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) {
[Link]("Enter thr rows " + (i + 1) + ":");
for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {
array[i][j] = [Link]();
}
}
[Link]("The user input array is:");
for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {
[Link](array[i][j] + "\t");
}
[Link]();
}
for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) {
newArray[i][c - 1 - j] = array[i][j];
}
}
[Link]("Mirror Image of the Given Array is:");
for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {
[Link](newArray[i][j] + "\t");
}
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output-Please enter the rows(r) and columns(c): 2 2

Enter thr rows 1:
12
Enter thr rows 2:
34
The user input array is:
1 2
3 4
Mirror Image of the Given Array is:
2 1
4 3

[Link] is Method ?
[Link] is a group/block of code which take input from the user,processed it and
give output
Note:-method runs only when it called
Method

Predefind Userdefined
Print(); Add()
Sort(); Sub()
Sqrt(); M1()
nextInt(); Show()
Syntex: return_type method_name(parameters list)
{
//body of the method
Return value;[optimal]
}
[Link] we use method ?
Ans.1)Decrease LOC(Line of code)
3) Redability
4) Repeatation

[Link] of method declaration ?

Ans.1)Definition
2)Calling
[Link] Method Program ?
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
{
A.r=new A();
[Link]();
}
void Disp()
{
[Link]("java");
}
}
}Output-Java
[Link] Method and Add Method
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void Add() {
int a = 10, b = 20;
[Link]("sum :" + (a + b));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
void Disp() {
[Link]("Java");
}
}
Output-Java
sum :30
QStatic vs Non Static method ?
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
int a = 10;
static int b = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
static void show() {
[Link]("show()" + b);
}
void Disp() {
[Link]("Disp()" + a + " " + b);
}
}
Output-Disp()10 20
show()20
[Link] to use method in java ?
Ans

import [Link].*;
class Fun {
int n1, n2;
int Add, sub, multi, div, rem;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Fun ref = new Fun();
[Link]();
[Link]();
 [Link]();
}
void input() {
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter two number: ");
n1 = [Link]();
n2 = [Link]();
}
void process() {
Add = n1 + n2;
sub = n1 - n2;
multi = n1 * n2;
div = n1 / n2;
rem = n1 % n2;
}
void output() {
[Link]("Add of 2 number: " + Add);
[Link]("\nSub of 2 num: " + sub);
[Link]("\nMulti of 2 number:" + multi);
[Link]("\nDiv of 2 number:" + div);
[Link]("\nRem of 2 number:" + rem);
}
}Output-Enter two number: 3 4
Add of 2 number: 7
Sub of 2 num: -1
Multi of 2 number:12
Div of 2 number:0
Rem of 2 number:3

[Link] is Recursion ?
Ans.A method that calls itself is called recursive method,and this technique in known
as recursion.
Syntex- return _type method_name( - - - ) Argument
{
methodName(- - - ) Argument
}
Recursion in java
Example-1
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

class Itself {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Itself r = new Itself();
int a = [Link](3);
[Link]("Sum 1st n natural num: " + a);
}

int sum(int b) {
if (b > 0) {
return b + sum(b - 1);
 } else {
return 0;
}
}
}Output-Sum 1st n natural num: 6
Example-2 Factorial using recursion.
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n;
[Link]("Enter any number");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
n = [Link]();
A obj = new A();
int result = [Link](n);
[Link]("Factorial of given number: " + result);
}
int fact(int n) {
if (n == 1)
return 1;
else
return n * fact(n - 1);
}
}Output-Enter any number :5
Factorial of given number: 120

String
[Link] is string ?
[Link] strings are object that allows us to store sequence of character which may
contain alpha numeric values enclosed in double quotes (“Deb”);
Note:-1)String are immutable in java.
3) It contains methods that can perform certain operation an strings(con
cat(),equal(),length(),etc……

There are two ways to create string object- 1)String literal 2)new keyword

1) String Literal:String a=”Deb”;

java
String b=”java”; a python
[Link](“Python”); b String [Link]
a Heap
Or,String str=”Java”
String str2=str; python
[Link](“ python“); String concat

2) New keyword:
String a=new String(“java”); String [Link]
A. concat(“python”); java python
String a=”java” Heap Memory
String Example- Concatenate
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a="java";
[Link](a);
String b="Python";
[Link](b);
a=[Link](" "+" HTML");
[Link](a);
}
}Output-java
Python
java HTML

Or,
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a = new String("java");
[Link](a);
String b = new String("HTML");
[Link](b);
a = [Link](" " + "python");
[Link](a);
}
}Output-java
HTML
java python

[Link] compare in java == vs equals()

Ans.
Q.(==)
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a = "Java";
String b = "Java";
if (a == b) {
[Link]("True");
} else {
[Link]("False");
}
}
}Output-True
[Link]()
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a = new String("Tiger");
String b = new String("Tiger");
if ([Link](b)) {
[Link]("True");
} else {
[Link]("False");
}
}
}Output-True
[Link] method.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a = "JAVA";
String b = "pyhton";
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]([Link]());

[Link]([Link](a));
[Link]([Link]());

String c = " HTLM ";

String d = "C++";

[Link]([Link]());
[Link]([Link]());

[Link]([Link](2));
[Link]([Link]("V"));

[Link]([Link](a));
[Link]([Link]('C', 'S'));
}
}
Output-java
PYHTON
pyhtonJAVA
6
HTLM
false
h
2
false
S++
[Link] reverse in java ?
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuffer r = new StringBuffer("JAVA");
[Link]([Link]());
StringBuilder ref = new StringBuilder("Python");
[Link]([Link]());
}
}Output-AVAJ
nohtyP
Or,
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i, l;
String r = "JAVA";
String r2 = "";
l = [Link]();
for (i = l - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
r2 = r2 + [Link](i);
}
[Link](r2);
}
}Output-AVAJ

[Link] is console class ?

[Link] is a predefined class that is available [Link],it is used to get user
input at runtime.
Note-1)Console class method:-
readLine()
readpassword()
2)System console()
3)import package
4)It used for security purpose.
5)Syntex- Console obj_name=[Link]();
Example:-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str;
char ch[];
Console obj = [Link]();
[Link]("Enter username: ");
str = [Link]();
[Link]("Enter password");
ch = [Link]();
 String a = [Link](ch);
[Link]("Username: " + str);
[Link]("Password:" + ch);
}
}
Q. JAVA Python
1)Java is compiled language 1)Python is a interpreted language

2)It is statically typed language 2)It is dynamically typed language

3)Semicolon is compulsory after each 3)Semicolon is optional.

Statement

4)Complex to learn than python. 4)Easy to learn and use

5)It has large no of fram works. 5)It has lower no of frame works.

6)It is faster 6)It is slower than java

7)Example- 7)Example-print(“python”);
class A
{
Public static void main(String []args);
{
[Link](“Java);
}
}

[Link] is BLC?
Ans:If we have a class but inside a class we don’t have main method then that class is
called business logic class.
Example-
class Amazon class Flipcart
{ {
--
} }
Note-We can use above BLC class in our all project(ELC)
[Link] is ELC?
[Link] we write the main method inside a class then the class is called executable
logic class.
Example-
class user1
{
Public static void main(String[] args)
{
//Here BLC is accessible
}
Example-//file 1
class amazon {
int a, b, c, d;
void input() {
 a = 20;
b = 10;
}
void show() {
c = a + b;
d = a - b;
[Link](c + " " + d);
}
}
//file 2
class flipkart {
int a, b, c, d;
void input() {
a = 20;
b = 10;
}
void show() {
c = a * b;
d = a / b;
[Link](c + " " + d);
}
}
//file 3
class sana {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 30, m = 90;
int rem = n % m;
[Link](rem);

amazon r = new amazon();

[Link]();
[Link]();
flipkart f = new flipkart();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
Output-30
30 10
200 2

[Link] is OOP ?
[Link] stands for object oriented programming language the main purpose of OOP
is to deal with real world entity using programming language.
OOPs Features:-
 Class
 Object
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism
 Encapsulation
 Abstraction
[Link] is class ?
[Link] is a collection of object and it doesn’t take any space on memory,class is
also called as blueprint/logical entity.
Class

Pre defined userdefined

Scanner Dog
Console J
System Test
String Demo
 User defined class: A class which is created by java programmer is called user
defined class. Example-
class class_name
{
//data
//methods
}
[Link] is object ?
[Link] is an instance of class that executes the [Link] the object is created
the [Link] the object is created it takes up space like other variable in memory.
Syntex-class_name obj_name=new class_name

class name object ref DMA constructor

Example-//one type object creation

class Demo {
int a = 10;
String b = "JAVA";
void show() {
[Link](a + " " + b);
}
}
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo r = new Demo(); or, Demo r;
[Link](); r = new Demo();
} [Link]();
}Output-10 JAVA

[Link] is Constructor ?
[Link] is a special type of method whose name is same as class name.

Note-1)The main purpose of constructor is initialize the object.

2)Every java class has a constructor
3)A constructor is automatically called at the time of object creation.
4)A constructor never contain any return type including void.
Syntex-
class class name
{
Class name()
{
 }
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
int a;
String name;
A() {
a = 0;
name = null;
}
void show() {
[Link](a + " " + name);
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A ref = new A();
[Link]();
}
}
}Output-0,null

Type of constructor

Private Copy
Default
Parameterized
[Link] is Default constructor ?
Ans.A constructor which does not have any parameter is called constructor.
Syntax-
class A
{ No any parameter
A()
{
}
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Computer {
int Ram, Rom;
Computer() {
Ram = 4;
Rom = 512;
}
public void display() {
[Link]("Ram:" + Ram + "GB");
[Link]("Rom:" + Rom + "GB");
}
 public static void main(String[] args) {
Computer r = new Computer();
[Link]();
}
}Output-Ram:4GB
Rom:512GB

[Link] is parameterized constructor ?

Ans.A constructor through which we can pass one or more parameter is called
parameterized constructor.
Syntax-
Class A
{
A(int x,String y)
{
}
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Computer {
int Ram, Rom;
Computer(int x, int y) {
Ram = x;
Rom = y;
}
public void display() {
[Link]("Ram:" + Ram + " GB");
[Link]("Rom:" + Rom + " GB");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Computer t = new Computer(4, 512);
[Link]();
}
}Output-Ram:4 GB
Rom:512 GB
[Link] is Copy constructor ?
[Link] ever we pass object reference to the constructor then it is called copy
constructor.
Syntex-class class_name
{
Class_name(obj ref)
{
}
{
Example-import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

class A
{
int a;String b;
 A()
{
a=10;b="JAVA";
[Link](a+" "+b);
}
A(A ref)
{
a=ref.a;
b=ref.b;
[Link](a+" "+b);
}
}
class B
{
public static void main(String[]args)
{
A r=new A();
A r2=new A(r);
}
}
Output-
10 JAVA
10 JAVA
[Link] is private constructor ?
[Link] java it is possible to write a constructor as a private but according to rule we
can’t access private member outside of class.
Example-
class class_name
{
Private class_name()
{
}
}
Example-import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
int a;
double b;
String c;

private A() {
a = 10;
b = 89.980;
c = "java";
[Link](a + " " + b + " " + c);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

A r = new A();
}
}Output-10 89.98 java
Or,
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
int a;
double b;
String c;
private A() {
a = 10;
b = 30.56;
c = "JAVA";
}
A(int x) {
a = x;
}
A(double y, String z) {
b = y;
c = z;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
A r2 = new A(10);
A r3= new(23.89,"Python");
[Link](r.a + " " + r.b + " " + r.c);
[Link](r2.a);
[Link](r3.b + " " + r3.c);
}
}Output- 10 30.56 JAVA
10
23.8 Python
[Link] is the instance block?
Ans-Instance block is similar to method which has no name,it can be written inside a
class only but not inside a method.

Note-1)It always executed before the constructor.

2)We can use variable only inside the instance block not method.
3)We write time consuming code inside a instance block like-JDDC connectivity.

Syntex-
class A
{
{
//code
}
}
Example-import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
int a, b;
static void show() {
[Link]("java");
 }
A() {
a = 30;
b = 40;
[Link](a + " " + b);
}
{
a = 10;
b = 20;
[Link](a + " " + b);
}
}
class b {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
[Link]();
}
}Output-10 20
30 40
Java
[Link] is Static block ?
[Link] block is such kind of block in java which gets executed at the time of
loading the .class file into JVM memory.

A. Java
Class loader
Javac Byte code verifier
Execution engine
[Link] JVM

Syntex-
Class A
{
static
{
}
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
}
static {
[Link]("java");
}
}Output- java
Q. Instance vs static block
[Instance block-Without obj run hobe na]
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
A r = new A(); // obj
}
{
[Link]("java");
}
A() {
[Link]("Python");
}
}Output-java
Python
[Static block-class er sathe deal kore obj na dileo Run hobe]
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
static {
[Link]("HTML");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
}

Q Different between Instance vs Static

Ans:- Instance Static
1) It deals with object 1)It deals with class

2) Executed at the time of object creation 2)Executed at the time of loaded .class file
In java
3) No any keyword required 3)Static keyword is required

4) Static and non static variable can be 4)Only static variable can be accessed inside
Accessed inside the instance block. The static block.

[Link] is inheritance ?
Ans:-when we construct a new class from existing class in such a way that the new
class access all the features and proper of existing class called inheritance.

Note-1)In java extends keyword is wed to perform inheritance.

2)It provides code re usability.
3)We can’t access provide members of class through inheritance.
4)A sub class contain all the features of super class so,the should create the object of
sub class.
5)Method overriding only possible through inheritance.
Syntax- class
{

}
Class B extends A
{

}
Types:-1)Simple/simple inheritance:-
Syntax 2

Sub 2+1=3
2)Multi-level inheritance :-
Super

Sub 1

Sub 2

Sub 3
3)Multiple inheritance ( java support kore na)
Super 1 Super 2

sub
4)Hierarchical inheritance :-
Super

Sub 1 sub 2 sub 3

[Link] is simple inheritance ?

Ans.-Simple inheritance nothing but which contain only one super class and only one
sub class is called simple inheritance .
Syntax:- super class
Class super
{

} Sub class
Class sub extends super
{

}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class student {
int roll, marks;
String name;
void input() {
[Link]("Student roll,name and marks: ");
}
}
 class sana extends student {
void disp() {
roll = 1;
name = "sana";
marks = 100;
[Link](roll + " " + name + " " + marks);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
sana r = new sana();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}Output:Student roll,name and marks: 1 sana 100

[Link] is multiple inheritance ?

[Link] multiple inheritance -we have only one super class and multiple sub classes
called multiple inheritance.
Syntax-
Class super
{

}
Class sub1 extends super
{

}
Class sub2 extends sub1
{

}
Example-
class A{
void msg()
{
[Link]("Hello");}
}
class B{
void msg()
{
[Link]("Welcome");}
}
class C extends A,B{
public static void main(String args[]){
C obj=new C();
[Link]();
}
}
Example-Multiple inheritance using interface in java.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
interface A {
void Show();
}
interface B {
void Disp();
}
class C extends A,B
{
public void Show()
{
[Link]("Interface A ");
}
public void Disp() {
[Link]("Interface B");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
C m = new C();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] java doesn’t support multiple inheritance ?
[Link] a sub class wants to inherit the property of two or more super classes that have same
[Link] compiler can,t describe which class method is should inherit.
Then their might be a chance of memory duplication I.e a reason java doesn’t support multiple
inheritance through classed.

[Link] inheritance :-A inheritance which contain only one super class and multiple sub class
and all sub class directly extends super class called hierarchical inheritance.
Syntax- Super
Class A
{ sub 1 sub 2 sub 3

}
Class B extend A / class C extends A
{ {

} }

Example- Class A
{
public void methodA()
{
[Link]("Super class method");
}
}
Class B extends A
{
public void methodB()
{
[Link]("Sub class Method B");
}
}
Class C extends A
{
public void methodC()
{
[Link]("Sub class Method C");
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
A obj1 = new A();
B obj2 = new B();
C obj3 = new C();
[Link](); //calling super class method
[Link](); //calling A method from subclass object
[Link](); //calling A method from subclass object
}
}

[Link] keyword:-Super keyword refers to the objects of super class it is used when we
want to call the super class variable,method and constructor through sub class object.
Note-1)Whenever the super class and sub class variable and method name both are same than it can
be used only.
2)To avoid the confusion between super class and sub classes variable and methods that have same
name we should use super keyword.
Super
Variable constructor
Method
Super keyword Syntax:-
class A //super class
{
A()
{
}
}
class B extends A //sub class
{
B()
{
}
}
Example-Super keyword called
class A {
int a = 10;
class B extends A {
int a = 20;
}
void show() {
[Link](a);
[Link](super.a);
}
}
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
B r = new B();
[Link]();
}
}
Example-In constructor super keyword use.
class A {
A(int a) {
[Link]("Java" + a);
}
}
class B extends A {
B() {
super(30);
[Link]("python");
}
}
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
B r = new B();
}
}
[Link] is this keyword ?
Ans.1)This keyword refers to the current object inside a method or constructor.
Example-class A
{
void show()
{
[Link](this);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r=new A();
[Link](r);
[Link]();
}
}
2)Whenever the name of instance and local variable both are same then our runtime
environment JVM gets confused that which one is local variable and which one is
instance variable ,to avoid this problem we should use this keyword.
Example-class A
{
Int a //instance
A(int a) //local
{
a=a;
[Link](a);
}
}

Example : Using This keyword

 class A {
int a;
A(int a) {
this.a = a;
}
void show() {
[Link](a);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A(100);
[Link]();
}
}
3)It is also used when we want to call the default constructor of its own class.
Example-(same class e default constructor ke call kore)
EX-class A
{
A()
{
}
A(int A)
{
this();
}
}
Example-
class A {
A() {
[Link]("java");
}
A(int a) {
this();
[Link](a);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A(100);
}
}
4)It also called parameterized constructor of its own class.
Example-
class A
{
A()
{
this(10);
}
A(int a)
{
}
}
Example-
class A
{
A()
{
this(10);
}
A(int a)
{
[Link](a);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r=new A();
}
} Polymorphism(Many form)
Polymorphism is the Greek word whose meaning is”same object having different
behaviour”.
Example- Costumer
Friend person student
Teacher
1) void person(Teacher)
2) Void person(Students)
3) Void person(friend)
4) Void person(constomer)
Type-1)compile time polymorphism
2)Runtime polymorphism
1)Compile time polymorphism:-A polymorphism which is exists at the time of
compilation is called compile time or early binding or static polymorphism.

Example- Method overloading : whenever a class contain more than one method with
same name and different types of parameters called method overloading.
Syntex- return type method-name(para 1);
Return type method-name(para, para);
Example-
class A {
int Add() {
int a = 10, b = 20, c;
c = a + b;
return c;
}
void add(int x, int y) {
int c;
c = x + y;
[Link](c);
}
void add(int x, double y) {
double c;
c = x + y;
[Link](c);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
[Link]();
[Link](100, 200);
[Link](50, 45.32);
int add = [Link]();
[Link](add);
}
}
[Link] is run time polymorphism ?
Ans.A polymorphism which exists at the time of execution of program is called runtime
polymorphism.

Example- Method overriding:Whenever we writing method in super and sub classes in

such a way that method name and parameter must be same called method overriding.
Syntex-
class A
{
void show()
{
}
}
class B extends A
{
void show()
{
}
}
 Method overriding rules-
Method
Yes No( completion error)

Overridden or not

Yes No

Call super class method call super class method

Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

class shape {
void draw() {
[Link]("can't say shape type");
}
}
class square extends shape {
@Override
void draw() {
[Link]();
[Link]("Square shape");
}
}
class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
shape r = new square();
[Link]();
}
}

[Link]:Encapsulation is a mechanism through which we can wrapping

the data members and member methods of class is a single called Encapsulation.
Note: 1)Declare the class variable as a private.
2)Declare the class methods as a public class is the best example of Encapsulation.
Example-
class A {
private int value;
public void setvalue(int x) {
value = x;
}
public int getvalue() {
return ++value;
 }
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
[Link](100);
[Link]([Link]());
}
}
[Link]:-Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details from
the [Link] the highlighted set of services provides to the user.
Advantage- 1)Security 2)Enhancement

Abstraction- 1)Abstraction class 2)interface

[Link] is abstraction class ?

Ans.A class which contains the abstract keyword in its declaration is called abstract
class
Note-1)We can,t create object for abstract class
abstract class A
{

}
2)It may or may not contain abstract method.
3)It can have abstract and non abstract methods.
4)To use an abstract class you have to inherit it from sub classes.
5)If a class contain partial implementation than we should declare a class as abstract.
Example-abstract class A
{
Abstract void m1();
}
Class A
{
}
Public void m1()
{
}

Abstract class program example-

abstract class Animal{
public abstract void sound()
{
}
}
class Dog extends animal{
public void sound(){
[Link]("Dog is barking");
}
}
class Lion extends animal{
public void sound()
 {
[Link]("Lion is roar");
}
}
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d=new Dog();
Lion l=new Lion();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is abstract method ?
Ans.A method which contain abstract modifier at the time of declaration is called
abstract method.
Note-1)It can only be used in abstract class
Class A
{
Abstract void m1[]
}
2)It doesn’t contain any body “{ }” and always ends with “:”
3)Abstract method must be overridden in sub classes otherwise it will also become a
abstract class.
4)Whenever the action is common but implementation are different then we should
we abstract method.
Example- class fruits class vertical
{ {
abstract void taste; abstract void wheeler()
} {
Abstract void wheeler()
{
}
}
Example Abstract method-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
abstract class Programming {
public abstract void Developer();
}
class HTML extends Programming {
@Override
public void Developer() {
[Link]("Tim burners lee");
}
}
class Java extends Programming {
 @Override
public void Developer() {
[Link]("James gosling");
}
}
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Programming h = new HTML();
[Link]();
Programming j = new Java();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is interface?
[Link] just like a class,which contains only abstract method to achieve interface
java provides a keyword called implements.
Note-1)Interface method are by default public and abstract
Interface client
{
Void M1();
Int a;
}
2)Interface variable are by default public +static+final.
3)Interface method must be arerrinden inside the implementing classes
4)Interface nothing but deals between client and developer.

Input

Output
Client interface Developer
[Link] Introduction Example:
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
interface Client {
void Input(); // public+abstract
void Output(); // public+abstract
}
class Raju implements Client {
String name;
double sal;
public void Input() {
 Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter username: ");
name = [Link]();
[Link]("Enter salary: ");
sal = [Link]();
}
public void Output() {
[Link](name + " " + sal);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Client c = new Raju();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}Output-Enter username:Debraj
Enter salary:30,000
Debraj 30000.0
Interface Variable:-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
interface CustomerRaj {
int amt = 5;
void purchase();
}
class SellerChotu implements CustomerRaj {
@Override
public void purchase() {
[Link]("Raj needs" + amt + "kg rice");
}
}
class Check {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CustomerRaj c = new SellerChotu();
[Link]();
[Link]([Link]);
}
}Output-Raj needs5kg rice 5
Interface Method:-

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
interface Client {
void Webdesign();
void Webdevelope();
}
abstract class RajTech implements Client {
@Override
public void Webdesign() {
[Link]("Green ,top menu,three dot button");
}
}
class RahuleTech extends RajTech {
@Override
public void Webdevelope() {
[Link]("HTML,CSS,JAVASCRIPT");
}
}
class Check {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RahuleTech r = new RahuleTech();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}Output-Green ,top menu,three dot button
HTML,CSS,JAVASCRIPT
[Link] inheritance using interface ?
Ans:We can achieve multiple inheritance through interface because interfaces because
interface contains only abstract method,which implementation is provide by the sub
classes.
Note-Class C extends A,B
Class C implement A,B
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
void show() {
[Link]("This is class A");
}
}
class B {
void show() {
[Link]("This is class B");
 }
}
interface A {
void show();
}
interface B {
void show();
}
class Multiple implements A, B {
public void show() {
[Link]("Interface A & B");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Multiple m = new Multiple();
[Link]();
}
}
Example Extending Interface:
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
interface Gill {
void add();
}
interface Raj extends Gill {
void sub();
}
class Ankit implements Raj {
@Override
public void add() {
int a = 10, b = 20, c;
c = a + b;
[Link]("Addition" + c);
}
@Override
public void sub() {
int a = 10, b = 20, c;
c = a - b;
[Link]("Subtraction" + c);
}
}
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Raj r = new Ankit();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}Output-Addition30
Subtraction-10
Final keyword in java
[Link] is final ?
[Link] is a modifier which provides restriction in java we can we final in three
way- Final

Variable Method class

Final Variable:-Once we declare variable as a final we can’t perform re assignment.
Syntax- final int a=10;
Final Method:-Whenever we declare a method as a final it can’t be overridden to our
extended class.
Syntax- final void m1()
{
}
Final class:-Whenever we declare a class as a final it can’t be extended or inherited
to sub classes.
Syntax-
Final class A
{
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Test {
void mNumber() {
[Link]("700106331");
}
void atmPIN() {
[Link]("8944");
}
}
class Thief extends Test {
@Override
void mNumber() {
[Link]("9219462678");
}

@Override
void atmPIN() {
[Link]("8944");
}
}
class Final {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thief t = new Thief();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is new Keyword ?
[Link] keyword creates new objects and it is used to allocate dynamic memory at
runtime.
Syntax-
Class A
{
//data
//method
}
A r=new A();
[Link];
[Link]
Usage- 1)call interface variable and non static method .
2)Call constructor.
3)Array

Example:-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class newKeyword {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i, size;
[Link]("Enter array size: ");
Scanner r = new Scanner([Link]);
size = [Link]();
int a[] = new int[size];
[Link]("Enter array element : ");
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
a[i] = [Link]();
}
[Link]("Array element:");
for (int m : a) {
[Link](m + " ");
}
}
}Output-Enter array size: 3
Enter array element : 2 3 4
Array element:2 3 4

[Link] is @override annotation ?

Ans: @override annotation is a new feature introduced in java from JDK 1.5 .
It provide a 100% clarity for the developer and compiler then the method is
overridden method and if its not a overridden method then the compiler will
generated an error.
Class A class B extends A
{ {
Void m1() @override
{ void m1()
} {
} }
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A {
void show() {
[Link]("Super class");
}
}
class B extends A {
@Override
void show() {
[Link]("sub class");
}
void Disp() {
[Link]("sub2 class");
}
}
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
B r = new B();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}Output-sub class
sub2 class
[Link] is covariant return type ?
[Link] the concept generally we can’t change the return type of
overridden,method but new concept introduced in java called covariant where we
can change the return -type of overridden method .
Class A class B extends A
{ {
A show() B Show()
{ [Link](“S”);
[Link](“D”); return this;
Return this; }
}
}
Example-
class A {
show()
{
[Link]("Sana");
return this;
}
}
class B extends A {
@Override
B show() {
[Link]();
[Link]("sara");
return new B();
 }
}
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b = new B();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is [Link] method ?
[Link] known as variable number of argument method and it is new introduced
in JDK 1.5 By using this concept we can pass any no of parameters including zero(o)
parameter to the calling method.
Example-
class A {
void add(int a) {
int sum = 0;
for (int x : a) {
sum = sum + x;
}
[Link]("sum of number: " + sum);
}
}
class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
[Link]();
[Link](10);
[Link](10, 20);
[Link](10, 20, 30);
[Link](10, 20, 30, 40);
}
}Output-0 10 30 60 100

[Link] is Exception ?
Ans.A exception is unexception/unwanted/abnormal situation that occurred at
runtime called exception.
Example-1)File not found Exception 2)Power cat Exception 3) Ill-exception

[Link] is exception handling ?

[Link] exception handling,we should have an alternate source through which we can
handle the power point exception ,ill-exception ,Fill not found exception.
Exception handling- The object orientation mechanism has provided the following
technique to work with exception.
Exception handling:The object orientation mechanism has provided the following
technique to work with exception-try,catch throw,throws,,finally
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link]("Main method is started");
 int a = 10, b = 0, c;
try {
c = a / b;
[Link](c);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
[Link]("can,t divide by zero");
}
[Link]("Main method ended");
}
}
Output-Main method is started
can,t divide by zero
Main method ended

Exception hierarchy:-Throwable class is the super or root class of java exception

hierarchy which contains two sub classes that is -1)Exception 2)error
Throwable
Exception Error
Runtime Exception Stack over flow exception
I/O Exception Out of memory error
SQL Exception I/O error
classNot Found linkage error

Runtime Exception:
Arithmetic Exception
Mill pointer Exception
Number format exception
Index out of Bands exception
Array index out bound Exception
String index out of bound Exception

I/O Exception:
EDE Exception
File not found exception
Example- Test .java(source code)

Javac

[Link]

JVM Exception/error

Java provides some mechanism to work with exception-

1) Try 2)catch 3)finally 4)throw 5)throues
Example-

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = null; // sana
 try {
[Link]([Link]());
} catch (NullPointerException n) {
[Link]("null can't be casted");
}
}Output-SANA
} [Link] can't be casted

[Link] is try block ?

[Link] we write a statement and if the statement is error suspecting
statement or risky code then out that code inside the try block.
Example-
main() try
{ {
int a=10,b=0,c; int a=10,b=0
c=a/b; c=c //b
[Link](c); [Link](c)
} }
catch(ACe)
}
Catch:The main purpose catch block is to handle the exception which are throws by
try block.
Note-Catch block will not be executed if there is no execution inside the try block.
Example-
try{
int a=0,b=2;
int c=a/b;
[Link](a);
}
Catch (AC e)
}
Try & Catch
Exception process of try and catch:
Try
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
statement 3;
}
Catch(AC e) case 1:1 2 3 5 NT
{ case 2:1 4 5 NT(normal terminate)
Statement 4; case 3:1 AT
}
Statement 5;

Example:
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "123";//sana
 try {
int a = [Link](str);
[Link](a);
} catch (NumberFormatException n) {
[Link]("String " + str + " can't be converted to integer");
}
[Link]("Main method ended");
}
}Output-123
Main method ended
Or,String sana can't be converted to integer
Main method ended

[Link] block:try is a block that contain only risky code.

[Link] block:It is used to handle the exception.

[Link] is finally block?

[Link] block is a real time block and the main purpose of finally block to handle
the resources.
Flowchart: Start

Execute try block

Execution No

yes
Ignore the rest code ignore catch
of try block block

Finally

end

Example- Try,catch,finally
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Handling {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
[Link]("XYZ \n");
int a = 20, b = 2, c;
c = a / b;
[Link](c);
[Link]("HTML");
} catch (ArithmeticException a) {
[Link]("Can,t divided by zero");
} finally {
[Link]("JAVA");
}
[Link]("Main method ended");
 }
}
Output-XYZ or,XYZ
10 Can,t divided by zero
HTML JAVA
JAVA Main method ended
Main method ended
Q.

[Link] try catch:-

main{
try
{
}
catch(A C e)
{
}
try
{
}
catch(AIOBE a)
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Handling {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int a = 10, b = 2, c;
c = a / b;
[Link](c);

} catch (ArithmeticException a) {
[Link]("Can,t divided by zero");
}
try {
int a[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40 };
[Link](a[5]);
 } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException b) {
[Link]("Beyond the array limit");
}
}
}Output-Can,t divided by zero or,5
Beyond the array limit Beyond the array limit

[Link] catch block:

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Handling {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int a = 10, b = 2, c;
c = a / b;
[Link](c);
int arr[] = { 10, 20, 30 };
[Link](arr[2]);
String str = "sana"; // or null
[Link]([Link]());
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException a) {
[Link]("Array Exception");
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
[Link]("Arithmetic exception");
} catch (NumberFormatException n) {
[Link]("Number exception");
} catch (Exception x) {
[Link]("Call type exception");
}
}Output-Arithmetic exception
}or-5 30 SANA

[Link] is Nested try block ?

Ans.A try block which contain inside another try block called nested try block.
Syntax-
try
{
statement 1;
try
{
statement 2;
statement 3;
}
catch(F,e)
{
statement 4;
}
}
catch (E e)
{
statement 5;
}
statement 6;
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class NestedTry {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
try {
int a[] = { 10, 20, 30 };
[Link](a[5]);
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException a) {
[Link](a);
}
[Link](10 / 2);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
[Link](e);
}
[Link]("JAVA");
}
}
Output-IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 3
5 JAVA
Or,IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 3
ArithmeticException: / by zero
JAVA

[Link] is nested catch ?

[Link] catch block which contain inside another catch block is called nested catch
block.
Syntax:-
try
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
}
Catch(Ex e)
{
Statement 3; case1: 1 2 6 NT
Try; case2:3 4 6 NT
} case3:3 5 6 NT
Statement 4;
}
Catch(Ex e)
{
Statement 5;
}
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class NestedCatch {
public static void main(String[] args) {
 try {
[Link](10 / 0); // or 10/2
} catch (Exception e) {
[Link](e);
}
try {
String a = "sana"; // or null
[Link]([Link]());
} catch (NullPointerException n) {
[Link]("null value can't converted");
}
[Link]("main method ended");
}
}
Output-5 or,[Link]: / by zero
Sana sana
main method ended main method ended
Or,

.
 Throwable
Exception Error
StackoverFlow Error
Runtime Exception VertualMachineError
Arithmetic Exception OutfMemoryError
Nullointer Exception Unchecked IDError
Number formet Exception Exception

1) IO Exception
2) InterruptedException EX
3) SQL Exception

[Link] is package ?
Ans.A package average number of classes interfaces and sub package of same type
into a particular group.
Note- Package is nothing but folder in windows.
Types

Pre defined User defined

[Link] Package D1
[Link] package Add
[Link] Package My pack
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Advantage-
1) Reusability
2) Security
3) Fast searching
4) Naming conflicting
5) Hiding
Disadvantage:
We can’t pass parameter to package
Access Modifier:-

Package

Predefined User Defined

[Link] is predefined package ?
[Link] package which are already created by java developer people are called pre
defined package.
[Link], java-applet,[Link],[Link],[Link], [Link] and java SQL
1) java .lang:-It is the default package also known as heart of the java because
without using this package we can’t write even a single program and we need not to
import this [Link]- System,String,object,Integer etc.

2) [Link]:This package is used to implement data structure of [Link] contain

utility classes also known as collection [Link]- linked
list,stack,vector,tree set etc.

3) [Link]:IO stands for input/output this package is very useful perform I/o
operation on [Link]-File,File Writer,File Reader etc. Ex-File, File writer,file
Reader etc.

4) [Link]:This package mainly use to develop GUI related application .

Applet program are web related program created at server but executed at client
machine .Example-Applet.

5) [Link]:awt stands for abstract window tool kit. It is also web to develop GUI
application the only difference between applet and awt program is,awt programs are
stand alone program and it contain main() unlike applet,
Example- Frame,Bottom,TextFeild etc.

6) [Link]:-URL ,InetAddress,URLConnection and So on.

7) Java .SQL: Connection ,statement ,result test etc.

8) [Link]:JFrame,JBottom,JTextFeild etc. [Link].

 Read data from a file

import [Link];
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class FileReader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
file r = new file("C:\\Users\\Windows 10\\Desktop\\[Link]");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(r);
while ([Link]()) {
[Link]([Link]());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Exception Handled");
}
}
}
[Link] is user defined package ?
[Link] package which are created by java program or user for their own use are
called used defined package.
Syntax-Package package-name;
Rule-1)Package statement must be first line of the program.
2) The way of compilation of there classes would be different .
Example-Java [Link] [Link]
Member accessibility:-

//file 1
import [Link].*;
//package sana;
class A {
protected void show() {
[Link]("JAVAAA");
}
}
class B extends A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
[Link]();
 }
}
//file 2
class A {
protected void show() {
[Link]("JAVAAA");
}
}

//file 3
import [Link].*;
package D;
import sana.A;

class C extends A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
C r = new C();
[Link]();
}
}
File 1
import [Link].*;

//package sana;
public class A {
public void show() {
[Link]("saAVAAA");
}
}
//file 2
import [Link].*;
//package D;
import sana.A;

class C {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is Multi threading ?
[Link] threading is a process to execute multiple threads at the same time
without dependency of other threads called multithreading.

[Link] is thread ?
[Link] is a pre defined class which is available in [Link] package.
Thread is a basic unit of CPU and it is well known for independent execution

[Link] to create thread in java ?

Ans.1)By extending thread class 2) By implementing Runnable interface.
By extending thread class:
Class A extend thread class B
{ {
@override p.s.v.m(String args[])
Public void main() {
{ A t=new A();
// code; [Link]();
} //code;
} }
}
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

class A extends Thread {

public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link]("JAVAAAAA");
}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A t = new A();
[Link]();
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link]("Python");
}
}
}
[Link] try catch program in java .
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends Thread {
public void fun() {
try {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link]("JAVAAAAA");
[Link](1000);
}
} catch (InterruptedException i) {

}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
A t = new A();
[Link]();
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link]("Pythonn");
 [Link](1000);
}
}
}
[Link] imlementing Runnable interface
Ans.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link]("My child thread");
}
}

}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A r = new A();
Thread t = new Thread(r);
[Link]();
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link]("main thread");
}
}
}
[Link] is thread scheduler ?
[Link] scheduler is the part of JVM which executes multiple threads on a single
processor randomly.
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends thread {
public void run() {
String n = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link](n);
}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
A t3 = new A();
[Link]("Thread 1");
[Link]("Thread 2");
[Link]("Thread 3");
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
 String n = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link](n);
}
}
}
[Link] is life cycle ?
[Link] we know a thread is well known for independent [Link] the file
cycle thread can move from different states.
1) New states(Born)
2) Runnable state(Execution)
3) Running state(Execution)
4) Waiting state(Blocked)
5) Dead state(Exit)

[Link] is sleep method ?

[Link] is a static method of thread class which throws checked exception I.e
InterruptedException.
The main purpose of sleep method to put a thread into temporary waiting state.
Syntex- [Link](200);
Or,Thread t=new Thread();
S. sleep(1000);
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends Thread {
public void main() {
String n = [Link]().getName();
try {
for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {
[Link](n);
[Link](3000);
}
} catch (InterruptedException i) {
}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
A t3 = new A();
[Link]("Thread 1");
[Link]("Thread 1");
[Link]("Thread 3");
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
String n = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {
[Link](n);
 }
}
}
[Link] join method () ?
[Link] main purpose of join method is to put the thread into temporary waiting
state,if we want to execute complete any particular thread among all the threads
available in the thread pool.
Join method also throw a checked execution I.e;
InterruptedException.
Example-
A t1=new A();
A t2= new A();
A t3=new A();
[Link]();
Example:-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

class A extends thread {

public void run() {
String name = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link](name);
}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
A t3 = new A();
[Link]("Thread 1");
[Link]("Thread 2");
[Link]("Thread 2");
[Link]();
try {
[Link]();
} catch (InterruptedException i) {
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
String name = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link](name);
}
}
}
[Link] is suspend and resume ?
[Link] (): The main purpose of suspend method is to put the thread from running
state to waiting static.
Example-
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
A t3 = new A();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link];
Resume():-Reuse method is used to resume a suspended thread from waiting state to
Runnable state.
[Link]();
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends thread {
public void run() {
String name = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link](name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
A t3 = new A();
[Link]("Thread 1");
[Link]("Thread 2");
[Link]("Thread 2");
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is yield ?
[Link] is a method of thread class that allow us to run another thread which has same
priority by passes its current thread.
Syntex- A t1=new A();
A t2=new A();
A t3=new A();
[Link]();
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends thread {
public void run() {
String name = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link](name);
[Link]();
}
}
}
class thread2 extends Thread {
public void run() {
String name = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link](name);
}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
thread1 t1 = new thread();
thread t2 = new thread();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is sleep() ?
Ans:- Stop is a method of thread class which is used to terminate a thread permanent.
Syntex- A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
A t3 = new A();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends thread {
public void run() {
String name = [Link]().getName();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link](name);
}
 }
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
A t3 = new A();
[Link]("Thread 1");
[Link]("Thread 2");
[Link]("Thread 2");
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is isAlive ?
[Link] () is predefined method of thread class through which we can verify weather a
thread isAlive or not.
Note- 1)If thread isAlive than it will return true otherwise false.
2)If we use isAlive method before the start method than it will print false but after the start
method it will print true.
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends Thread {
public void run() {
{
[Link]("isAlive method program: ");
}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
// A t3 = new A();
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]();
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]();
}
}
O/p-false
true
isAlive method program!
isAlive method program!
Ex-2
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends Thread {
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
// A t3 = new A();
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]();
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]();
[Link]([Link]());
}
}
O/p-false true false true
[Link] is interrupt ?
[Link]() is a method of the class that is used to interrupt the thread.
Note-1)If any thread is in sleeping on blocked state than we can easily interrupt the
exception.
2)If thread not in sleeping or waiting state than thread execute normally.
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends Thread {
public void run() {
try {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link]("t1 thread running");
[Link](1000);
}
} catch (InterruptedException i) {
[Link]("t1 thread terminated");
}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
A t1 = new A();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
Output-t1 thread running
t1 thread terminated
Example 2:-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends Thread {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
[Link]("t1 thread running");
}
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
A t1 = new A();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is thread priority ?
[Link] java it is possible to assign the priority of [Link] set these priority java
thread class has provided two predefined methods.
1)set priority 2)get priority
The thread class has also provided three pre defined final static variable and its
value lie between 1 to 10.
[Link]-PRIORITY-5
[Link]-PRIORITY-10
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class A extends Thread {
public void run() {
[Link]([Link]().getName());
[Link]([Link]().getPriority());
}
}
class B {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
A t1 = new A();
A t2 = new A();
A t3 = new A();
[Link]("t1 thread");
[Link]("t2 thread");
[Link]("t3 thread ");
[Link](10);
[Link](6);
[Link](7);
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
 }
}
[Link] is synchronization ?
[Link] with multithreading:-Multithreading is very good whenever we want
to complete our task as soon as possible,but in some situation it may provides some
wrong result or some corrupted data,this situation occur whenever on same
resources is accessible by multiple thread at the same time.
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Bus implements Runnable {
int available = 2, passenger;
Bus(int passenger) {
[Link] = passenger;
}
public synchronized void run() {
String name = [Link]().getName();
if (available >= passenger) {
[Link](name + "Reversed seat..!");
available = available - passenger;
} else {
[Link]("sorry seat not available..!");
}
}
}
class Customer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bus r = new Bus(1);
Thread t1 = new Thread(r);
Thread t2 = new Thread(r);
Thread t3 = new Thread(r);
[Link]("sana");
[Link]("sana");
[Link]("Sanjana");
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}Output-sanaReversed seat..!
SanjanaReversed seat..!
sorry seat not available..!

[Link] is synchronized ?
[Link] is a technique through which we can control multiple threads or
among the no of threads only one thread will enter inside the synchronized area.

Note-The main purpose of Synchronization is to overcome the problem of

multithreading when multiple threads are trying to access same resources at same
time on that situation it may provides some wrong result.
Synchronization is broadly classified into two categories:
1) Method level synchronized
2) Block level synchronized
1)Method level synchronization:-
Public void main()
{
//same resource
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
Solution:-
Public synchronized void run()
{
//same resource
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();

Public void D()

{
Synchronized(this)
{
//same resource
}
} [Link];[Link]();[Link]();

[Link] is method level synchronization ?

[Link] method level synchronization the entire method get synchronized so,only one
thread will enter inside the synchronized area and remaining at the threads will wait
at method level. t1 t2 t3
Example- Synchronized void print table
{
// code
}
Note-Everty objrct have a lock in java and this lock can be given to only one thread at
all the time.
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Table {
public synchronized void printTable(int n) {
{
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
[Link](n * i);
}
}
}
}
class Thread1 extends Thread {
 Table t;

Thread1(Table t) {
this.t = t;
}
public void run() {
[Link](5);
}
}
class Thread2 extends Thread {
Table t;
Thread2(Table t) {
this.t = t;
}
public void run() {
[Link](7);
}
}
class main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Table obj = new Table();
Thread1 t1 = new Thread1(obj);
Thread2 t2 = new Thread2(obj);
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}Output-5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
[Link] is Synchronized block ?
[Link] block level synchronized the entire method is not get synchronized only the
part of the method get synchronized we have to enclosed those few lines of the code
put inside synchronized block.
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class msg {
public synchronized void show(String name) {
;;;;;;
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link]("How are you:" + name);
}
;;;;;;
}
}
class OurThread extends Thread {
msg m;
String name;

OurThread(msg m, String name) {

this.m = m;
[Link] = name;
}
 public void run() {
[Link](name);
}
}
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
msg m = new msg();
OurThread t1 = new OurThread(m, "sana");
OurThread t2 = new OurThread(m, "sara");
[Link]();
[Link]();
}

}
or,
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class msg {
public void show(String name) {
;;;;;;
synchronized (this) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
[Link]("How are you:" + name);
}
}
;;;;;;
}
}
class OurThread extends Thread {
msg m;
String name;
OurThread(msg m, String name) {
this.m = m;
[Link] = name;
}
public void run() {
[Link](name);
}
}
class D {
public static void main(String[] args) {
msg m = new msg();
OurThread t1 = new OurThread(m, "sana");
OurThread t2 = new OurThread(m, "sara");
[Link]();
[Link]();
}

}
Multithreading problem:-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Bank extends Thread {
int bal = 5000;
int withdraw;
Bank(int withdraw) {
[Link] = withdraw;
}
public void run() {
String name = [Link]().getName();
if (withdraw <= bal) {
[Link](name + " withdraw money");
bal = bal - withdraw;
} else {
[Link](" Insuficient balance");
}
}
}
class Customer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bank obj = new Bank(5000);
Thread t1 = new Thread(obj);
Thread t2 = new Thread(obj);
[Link]("sana");
[Link]("sara");
Bank obj2 = new Bank();
Thread t3 = new Thread(obj2);
Thread t4 = new Thread(obj2);
[Link]("Bunny");
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] with more than one object:As we know every object has a lock,in
java and this lock can,be given to only one thread but if we have multiple objects
then we can also have multiple threads so,again we will got currented data even in
the synchronized area.
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Bank extends Thread {
static int bal = 5000;
static int withdraw;

Bank(int withdraw) {
[Link] = withdraw;
}
 public static synchronized void withdraw() {
String name = [Link]().getName();
if (withdraw >= bal) {
[Link](name + " withdraw money");
bal = bal - withdraw;
} else {
[Link](" Insuficient balance");
}
}
public void run()
{
withdraw();
}
}
class Customer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bank obj = new Bank(5000);
Thread t1 = new Thread(obj);
Thread t2 = new Thread(obj);
[Link]("sana");
[Link]("sara");
Bank obj2 = new Bank();
Thread t3 = new Thread(obj2);
Thread t4 = new Thread(obj2);
[Link]("Bunny");
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
[Link] is collection ?
[Link] collection are the set of pre defined classes and Interface that helps of
data,structure operator like-”sorting,searching,traversing,storing and processing
data efficient”.
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class JavaCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> Name = new ArrayList<String>();
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]("Sana");
[Link]("Sara");
[Link](Name);
[Link]("Buny");
[Link](Name);
[Link](1, "Sanjana");
[Link](Name);
[Link](0, "Sanjana");
[Link](Name);
}
}
Output-[Sunny, Sana, Sara]
[Sunny, Sana, Sara, Buny]
[Sunny, Sanjana, Sana, Sara, Buny]
[Sanjana, Sunny, Sanjana, Sana, Sara, Buny]

Example2-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class JavaCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> Name = new ArrayList<String>();
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]("Sana");
[Link]("Sara");
[Link](Name);
[Link](0, "Sanjana");
[Link](Name);
[Link]([Link](2));
}
}Output-[Sunny, Sana, Sara]
[Sanjana, Sana, Sara]
Sara
Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class JavaCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> Name = new ArrayList<String>();
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]("Sana");
[Link]("Sara");
[Link](Name);
[Link]();
 [Link](Name);
}
}Output-[Sunny, Sana, Sara]
[]
Example-

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

class JavaCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList<String> Name = new LinkedList<String>();
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]("Sana");
[Link]("Sara");
[Link](Name);
[Link]("Bunny");
[Link]("Cat");
[Link](Name);
[Link](3, "Khogo");
[Link](Name);
}
}
Output-[Sunny, Sana, Sara]
[Bunny, Sunny, Sana, Sara, Cat]
[Bunny, Sunny, Sana, Khogo, Sara, Cat]

Example-
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class JavaCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList<String> Name = new LinkedList<String>();
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]("Sana");
[Link]("Sara");
[Link](Name);
[Link]();
[Link](Name);
}
}
Output-[Sunny, Sana, Sara]
[Sunny, Sana]

Example-For each loop

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class JavaCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList<String> Name = new LinkedList<String>();
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]("Sana");
[Link]("Sara");
for (String str : Name) {
[Link](str);
}
}
}
Output-Sunny
Sana
Sara
Example- Stack (LIFO)
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class JavaCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Stack<String> Name = new Stack<>();
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]("Sana");
[Link]("Sara");
[Link](Name);
[Link]();
[Link](Name);
}
}
Output-[Sunny, Sana, Sara]
[Sunny, Sana]
Example- Stack (FIFO)
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class JavaCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayDeque<String> Name = new ArrayDeque<>();
[Link]("Sunny");
[Link]("Sana");
[Link]("Sara");
[Link](Name);
[Link]();
[Link](Name);
}
}Output-[Sunny, Sana, Sara]
[Sana, Sara]
[Link]() method vs join() method vs yield() method in java

Q.C vs C++ vs Java vs python

[Link] vs coding.

[Link] typed language vs Dynamically typed language