Behaviour Based Safety

In This Presentation
❑ What is BBS?
❑ Why BBS?
❑ Accidents & Accident Theories
❑ Understanding Human Behaviour & Failure.
❑ ABC Model
❑ Safety Intervention – Counseling
❑ Site Specific Immediate Dangers to Life
❑ Expectations
 What is BBS (Behaviour Based Safety)?

BBS is Structured & Comprehensive approach to

sustainable enhancement of safety culture in the
organization through :

❑ Identifying “At Risk Behaviour”

❑ & Modifying them to “Safe Behaviour”

“ It is a Process; Not Program”

 Why BBS ?

What Employees Want:

◼ A Safe Workplace
◼ A Positive Workplace
◼ To Take Care of One Another
◼ To Stop the Hurt!
 Why BBS ?

What Management Wants:

◼ An Accident Free Workplace

◼ Empowered Employees
◼ Pro-active Rather Than Re-active Work Process
◼ To Improve HSE Performance
 HISTORY

Indifference

Hardware
Incidents

Software

People Continuous
Time Improvement
Are people born smart ????

‘People are made, not born’

 HUMAN BODY
• THE BEST EXAMPLE OF
ENGINEERING

– HEART – THE BEST PUMP

– STOMACH – THE BEST CHEMICAL REACTOR

EVER DESIGNED WITH ALL MODERN SAFETY
FEATURES

– BRAIN – THE BEST COMPUTER

Thoughts Becomes Words
Words Becomes Actions

Actions Becomes Habits

Habits Becomes Behaviour
 Various Behaviours

• INTELLIGENCE

• EXPERIENCE

• ANGER

• TENSION

12
 Behaviour wise Characters

• Mr. DUKHI RAM

• Mr. SUKHIRAM

• Mr. TENSION
 MOST EXPENSIVE THING TODAY ?????

TIME

INVEST IT CAREFULLY
 THREE DIFFICULT THINGS TO SAY
• I AM SORRY

• “NO”

• I LOVE YOU…..
Why STEP Change
towards BBS?
 Culture Ladder - overview
GENERATIVE
HSE is how we do business
round here

PROACTIVE
we work on the problems that we
still find
Increasingly
informed
CALCULATIVE
we have systems in place to
manage all hazards

REACTIVE
Safety is important, we do a lot every
time we have an accident

Increasing
Trust/Accountability
PATHOLOGICAL
who cares as long as we’re not
caught
 Bradley Curve

Natural
Instincts Management

Injury
Rates Self

Everybody

Dependent Independent Interdependent

I am safe I am safe so I am safe

so that I that I don’t so that
don’t get get hurt nobody
caught gets hurt
SAFETY
CULTURE

Behavior
Why Safety?
WHAT IS ACCIDENT ?

WHAT IS NEARMISS ?
Classification of Incidents
 Accident Causation Theories

Heinrich’s
Ratio : 300-29-1
0.3 % 1 MAJOR INJURY

8.8 % 29 MINOR INJURY

90.9 % 300 NO INJURY

 Accident Ratio Study

Frank Bird’s
Ratio : 600-30-10-1
ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED BY:

• Unsafe Acts

• Unsafe Conditions
 An Unsafe Act is:
❑ Behaviour, that if allowed to continue will lead to an injury at
the time or in the future.

❑ Not adhering to established safety rules, standards or

procedures.

❑ Not behaving in the expected manner.

❑ Observing an unsafe act and allowing it to continue.

Unsafe acts demonstrate poor safety attitudes and

indicate poor safety training
 Unsafe Behaviour at Home

• LPG PIPE – CHECKED OCASSIONALLY

• WORKING IN KITCHEN W/O FOOT PROTECTION

– SO MUCH OF CONFIDENCE

• CIRCUIT BREAKER TESTING – GIVES A RELIEF THAT

SOMETHING IS INSTALLED

• WATCH ON CHILDREN

• TERRACE
 Continuous at Work Place
• WORKING W/O PERMITS
• BYPASSING SAFETY SYSTEMS LIKE INTERLOCKS,
ALARMS, ETC.,
• BYPASSING SOP’s
• WORKING W/O PPE’s
• ADJUST MINDSET TO HAZARDS
• SHORTCUTS
• OVERCONFIDENCE
 Common Beliefs at Work Place
• SAFETY IS SAFETY DEPT.’s RESPONSIBILITY

• SAFETY DEPT. IS A POLICING DEPT.

• PROCEDURES ARE GOOD ON PAPERS

• BE PRACTICAL “APPROACH”
EXAMPLE’s OF PRACTICAL APPROACH
 MINDSET
- WHAT IS MINDSET

NATURE OF ACCEPTANCE
You have to play Different Role (Behavior)

❑ At Home

❑ At Society

❑ At Work Place
 Causes of Injury

• What is the main cause of injuries in industry -----

Unsafe Acts or Unsafe Conditions?
4% Unsafe Conditions

96% Unsafe Acts

What is Behaviour ?

Behavior: Any directly measurable thing

that a person does, including speaking,
acting, and performing physical functions.
 BBS THEORY
• ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE HAS
DEVELOPED BUT STILL
ACCIDENT TOLL IS INCREASING

• REASON
– 96 % ACCIDENTS ARE BECAUSE OF
BEHAVIOR PATTERN OF PEOPLE
 Understanding Human Failure

Skill Based

Error

Mistake
Human
Failure
Routine

Violation Situational

Rare
Work Load
 A B C MODEL
Antecedents
(trigger behavior)

Behavior
(human performance)

Consequences
(either Positive or Negative)
 Save
Powerful Time
S/C/+ve

Weaker Being Caught

for speeding Incidents
D/U/-ve
Not Stopping at a
Traffic Signal
Perceived Outcome
(Payoff)
 EXERCISE

From this list, which of these would people

most likely react immediately to:
1. Red Traffic Light

2. Fire Tender Alarm

3. Safety Training Video

4. Ambulance behind you

5. Police Car (following you)

6. Sound of a Car Alarm

 Good safety
R+ suggestion ! Keep it
up!

One more report

like this and you’re
out here!!

R-
 Analysing Safe and Unsafe behaviour
• Identify the Unsafe Behaviour.

• List the triggers for the Unsafe

Behaviour.

• List the consequences for the

Unsafe Behaviour with rating

• Identify the desired Safe Behaviour

• List the triggers for the Safe Behaviour

• List the consequences for the Safe

Behaviour with Rating.

• Conduct Root Cause Analysis

• Develop Recommendations

• Re-examine Impact On Behaviour

THE SAFE & ALERT PERSON

IS SAFER
IN AN
UNSAFE
CONDITION
UNALERT
&
UNTRAINED
PERSON

IS UNSAE
IN A
SAFE CONDITION
 Intervention – A way of life
Teamwork – working together to achieve Zero
Co-operation – Safety transcends boundaries and
hierarchy
Each person looking out for self and others

• Do you intervene in the interest of safety?

• What would make it better?

INTERVENE SO THAT NO-ONE GETS INJURED!

What is meant by “safe behavior”

By SHE-Safety
How to intervene ??
Unsafe Act - Gas cylinders supplier

How to intervene ??

Driver sleeping in side the vehicle

Helper of Driver sleeping in front of the vehicle

How to intervene ??
 Safety Intervention :
When You Are Concerned
1. Observe, decide to act.
2. Introduce yourself if you are not known to the person
3. Comment on safe behaviour
4. Discuss why you are concerned:
-- Is it unsafe?
-- Consequences?
-- Safer ways to do job?
5. Get agreement to work safely
6. Discuss other safety issues
7. Thanks

INTERVENE SO THAT NO-ONE GETS INJURED!

Categories of At Risk Behaviour
Hazards & Risks Defenses
Site Specific Immediate Dangers to Life
❑ FALL FROM HEIGHT

❑ FALL OF LIFTED OBJECT / MATERIAL, ON PERSON

❑ ELECTROCUTION

❑ STRUCK BY
❑ CAUGHT IN
❑ CONTACT WITH MOVING PART
❑ ASPHYXIATION (due to Oxygen Deficiency):
WAITING FOR ACCIDENT TO STRIKE ???
63
 EXPECTATIONS
❑ SAFE BEHAVIOUR.

❑ SAFETY INTERVENTION.
 MESSAGE
• EVERY ACCIDENT IN THIS WORLD CAN BE
AVOIDED, BECAUSE EVERY ACCIDENT
NEEDS ATLEAST ONE REASON TO OCCUR.
IDENTIFY IT AND ELIMINATE THE REASON.

• YOU ARE THE BEST “DOCTOR” BEST “JUDGE”

AND THE BEST “SAFETY OFFICER”. IDENTIFY
THE UNSAFE BEHAVIORS AND REMAIN
ACCIDENT FREE.
The unsafe behaviour that we see and don’t
challenge today becomes the accepted behaviour
tomorrow
Any Questions
 Thank You

Let’s Begin ………..