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Matrix Inversion and Determinant Exercises

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views2 pages

Matrix Inversion and Determinant Exercises

Uploaded by

j.jin.6
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial 3

Practice exercises
Do these practice exercises in SOWISO Tutorial 3 to get feedback:

1. Find the inverse of the matrices below, if they exist.


   
! ! 1 0 −2 1 2 −1
1 −3 3 6
−3 1 4 −4 −7 3
   
4 −9 4 7
 
2 −3 4 −2 −6 4
! ! !
1 2 −1 0
2. Let A = , B1 = , B2 = . Find A−1 , and use it to solve the two equations
5 12 3 0

AX = B1 AX = B2 ,
!
x1
where X = .
x2

3. Let A and B be 4 × 4 matrices, with det A = −1 and det B = 2. Compute:

(a) det(AB) (b) det(B5 ) (c) det(2A) (d) det(AT A) (e) det(B−1 AB)

4. Compute the determinants of the matrices below.


   
! 3 0 4 0 5 1
1 2
2 3 2 4 −3 0
   
−1 1
0 5 −1 2 4 1
 
a b c
5. Suppose det d e f  = 7. Calculate the following determinants:
 
g h i
 
a b c
(a) det  d e f 
 
5g 5h 5i
 
a b c
(b) det g h i 
 
d e f
 
g h i
(c) det a b c 
 
d e f
 
a+d b+e c+ f
(d) det  d e f
 

g h i

Problems

1. (a) An m × n upper triangular matrix is one whose entries below the main diagonal are 0’s. Argue
without using determinants that if a square upper triangular matrix has all diagonal entries different
from zero, then it is invertible.
(b) Classify each of the matrices below as invertible or non-invertible without using determinants and
without doing any computation, but only giving an argument based on some readily seen property of
the matrix.
 
      0 0 0 −1
−5 1 4 2 8 3 1 0 1
 4 0 0 0 
 
 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 
    

0 2 0 0 
0 0 8 1 4 9 1 0 1
0 0 1 0
 
a 1 −1
2. Find the values of a for which the following matrix is invertible: 0 −a 2 .
 
1 4 3

3. Let    
0 1 0 6 3 5 2 9
2 0 3 8 2 8 0 0
B= , C=
   
−3 0 −1 0

0 0 4 2
0 0 0 4 9 0 0 0
Find det(B2C−1 ).

4. (Midterm 2023) Let k ∈ R. Consider the linear system

x1 − x2 + x3 = k,
x1 + kx2 + x3 = 1,
kx1 + x2 = 1.

(a) Determine the values of k for which the linear system has a unique solution.
(b) Choose a value of k for which the system has a unique solution and then solve the system.
(c) Study the cases for which the system does not have a unique solution. When is it inconsistent, when
does it have infinitely many solutions?

5* Let A, B,C be n × n matrices. Prove that if A is invertible, then AB = AC ⇒ B = C and AB = 0 ⇒ B = 0. Is


it possible for AB to be invertible if A is not?

Common questions

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The determinant of a product of matrices, det(AB), is equal to the product of the determinants of the individual matrices, det(A)·det(B). This property is crucial for simplifying determinant calculations of complex matrix products .

A 4x4 matrix is non-invertible if it has a row or column of zeros or if its rows (or columns) are linearly dependent, meaning they can be expressed as scalar multiples of each other. By examining these properties, invertibility can be assessed via structural analysis rather than determinant calculation .

Computing det(B^5), where det(B) is given, involves raising the determinant of B to the power of 5, i.e., (det(B))^5. This highlights how powers of matrices affect determinants exponentially and provides insights into iterative matrix transformations .

The matrix is invertible if its determinant is non-zero. Hence, we find the determinant of the matrix and set it different from zero to solve for 'a'. The calculation yields that the matrix is invertible for all values of 'a' except those that make the determinant zero .

Swapping two rows in a matrix results in the determinant changing sign. This property suggests the determinant is sensitive to such changes and underscores the geometric interpretation of determinants as a measure of area or volume orientation .

An upper triangular matrix is invertible if all its diagonal elements are non-zero. This is because the determinant of an upper triangular matrix is the product of its diagonal elements. If all the diagonal elements are non-zero, the determinant is non-zero, which implies that the matrix is invertible. This argument does not require computation of the determinant, only observation of the diagonal being non-zero .

If A is invertible, multiplication of both sides by A's inverse shows AB = AC implies B = C. Since A can be canceled out from the equation, B must be equal to C for the equality to hold, provided A is invertible. Thus, the implication is that B must equal C .

If A is invertible and AB = 0, then multiplying both sides by the inverse of A eliminates A, resulting in B = 0. This is because an invertible matrix is non-singular, hence its inverse exists, ensuring that the product's zero outcome on the left implies zero on the right .

For the system to have a unique solution, the determinant of the coefficient matrix must be non-zero. Solving the determinant for the given system and ensuring it's non-zero excludes specific values of k that lead to singularity. This determination involves recalculating the matrix' determinant for different k values to check when it switches signs or becomes zero .

Multiplying a row of a matrix by a scalar multiplies the determinant by that scalar as well. For instance, if one row is multiplied by 5, the determinant becomes 5 times the original determinant. This principle is key in adjustments where rows are scaled .

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