Chapter Three
3. Research Methodology
3.1 Research Approach
The study will use only Quantitative approach that will be collected through questionnaire to
procurement professionals from relevant institutions. This numerical data will be utilized in
quantitative research to analyze the impact of various variables. By employing statistical analysis
and testing, the study aims to validate the constructed hypotheses within the field of study
(Bhaumik & Chakkaravarthy, 2023).
3.2 Research Design
The study will be used an explanatory research design, which seeks to describe and observe the
causal relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study will incorporate an
explanatory research design, which seeks to describe and observe the causal relationship between
independent and dependent variables (Kothari, 2003). It allows for an in-depth examination of
specific aspects of a problem and the causal relationships between variables, while requiring
minimal resources in terms of work, money, or time. The data will be collected and analyzed
using a scientific research approach to characterize the terms, circumstances, and relationships
surrounding the issue under investigation (Birara, 2022).
3.3 Data type and Sources of Data
3.3.1. Data type
The study will incorporate diverse data types, including administrative records and reports such
as those from Addis Ababa plan and development commission, Addis Ababa land development
and management office as well as academic articles. These various sources of data will provide a
comprehensive and multifaceted understanding of the topic under investigation. The analysis will
draw upon information from administrative records and reports, which offer insights into the
practical implementation of motivation and performance.
3.3.2. Data source
The study will use both primary and secondary source of data. While secondary data will be
obtained from government reports, scholarly articles, and pertinent publications, primary data
will be obtained through questionnaire with officials and employees of AAPDCO.
3.4 Data Collection Tools
The study will use questionnaire methods of data collection tools. The questionnaire will be
closed-ended. The purpose of this questionnaire is to collect quantitative information about the
effects of motivation on employee’s performance. Participants will be chosen from among t
professionals in order to guarantee a representative sample.
3.5 Population and Sampling
3.5.1 Population
In this study the populations are the entire target group or universe that the study aims to
investigate. In the case of the effects of motivation on employee performance in AAPDCO
professional all spatial and non-spatial experts will be selected to which the researcher
ultimately wants to generalize the results.
3.5.2 Sampling
The study adopts a census approach due to the small sample size, which consists of 89
participants. This approach allows for gathering abundant information to comprehensively
understand the effects of motivation on performance within the study area.
3.6 Measurement of Variables
The study will use four levels of measurements on a continuum of discrete and continuous both
for independent and dependent variables: nominal-scale, ordinal-scale, interval-scale, and ratio-
scale to ascertain the five independent variables and the respondents' demographic features. A
Likert scale with five points from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree will be used to
gauge the response. The study will also utilize data collected from respondents through a
questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis will be conducted using the software tool SPSS version
25.0. Descriptive statistics, such as mean, percentage, and standard deviation, will be employed
to summarize and analyze the data
3.7 Data Analysis
The study will be used quantitative data analysis approach. the quantitative data will be subjected
to inferential analysis and descriptive statistics. The gathered data will undergo statistical
analysis utilizing suitable techniques like inferential analysis and descriptive statistics. The
regression model will be determined through multi-regression model and descriptive statics will
be determined through mean and standard deviation. The Dependent variable of this study is
employment performance and the independent variable are career development, rewards, Team
Work and work environment. Accordingly, the regression equation on the above variables can be
stated as follows:
Y= β0 + β1X1 + β2 X2 + β3 X3 + β4X4+ β5 X5 + Ei
Where:
Y is the response or dependent variable- employee performance
X1 = Career development
X2 = Team Work
X3 = Rewards
X4 = Working Environment
Ei = Error term set up to demonstrate the unexplained portion of the dependent variable through
the above four important exogenous variables.
3.8 Validity and Reliability
3.8.1 Validity
To ensure the validity of the study's data, several measures will be taken. Firstly, pre-testing will
be conducted to check the validity of the research instruments. This involves piloting the
questionnaires with a small group of participants. Feedback received during the pre-testing phase
will be carefully considered, and necessary refinements will be made to enhance the validity of
the instruments. Furthermore, a triangulation of data sources will be employed to strengthen the
validity of the findings. Content validity will also be ensured by carefully designing the research
instruments. The study will use standardized instruments with well-defined variable definitions.
This approach will help establish uniformity in data collection and ensure that the measures used
accurately capture the intended constructs.
By undertaking validity checks through pre-testing, refining the research instruments based on
feedback, employing a triangulation of data sources, and ensuring content validity through
standardized instruments and precise variable definitions, the study aims to enhance the overall
validity of the data collected.
3.8.2 Reliability
To ensure the reliability of the data, the study will implement procedures to verify and assure its
accuracy before distributing it to the respondents. This includes carefully checking the data for
consistency, completeness, and adherence to established protocols. In addition, for the analysis
of qualitative data, inter-rater reliability assessments will be conducted. This involves multiple
researchers independently analyzing a subset of the qualitative data and then comparing their
findings. By assessing the level of agreement among the researchers, the study can determine the
reliability and consistency of the qualitative data analysis. To evaluate the reliability of the
quantitative data, a pilot test will be conducted using 30 questionnaires. The data gathered from
the pilot test will be analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which is a measure of internal
consistency. This analysis will assess the reliability of the questionnaire items and ensure that
they consistently measure the intended constructs. According to Saadetal (1999), cited in
(Shasho et al., 2020) proposes the following interpretations.0.90 or higher is excellent,0.80 to
0,89 is good .0.7 to 0.79 is adequate and 0.69and below may have limited applicability. Depend
on this, the study will determine the reliability of the following variables through SPSS test
results.
Table 3.1: Reliability of Test Variabe.
Variable No of Cronbach’s Alpha will be determined
items
Career development 6
Team Work 6
Rewards 6
Working Environment 6
Time Monument 1
Quality 1
Total 26
By implementing these measures, the study aims to confirm the realism and dependability of the
data. This will help ensure that the results obtained are accurate and suitable for interpretation
with confidence. By verifying and assuring the reliability of the data, the study can enhance the
overall quality and trustworthiness of its findings.
3.9 Ethical Considerations
The study recognizes the importance of maintaining ethical research methods as a priority over
generating specific knowledge. Ethical research methods encompass principles, rules, guidelines,
and norms of behavior that are considered appropriate, fair, and respectful by the research
community. These methods safeguard the rights of participants involved in the research process.
As social research organizations have taken on a more prominent role in providing authoritative
knowledge, there has been a growing emphasis on professional codes of ethics. These codes of
ethics contribute to the professionalization of researchers and guide their conduct. In line with
this, the present research will adhere to the following professional codes of ethics: Avoid
plagiarism and claiming the work or results of others as their own. Provide accurate reporting of
sources and avoid misrepresenting or inventing results and Preserve sources and data for future
reference and for the benefit of other researchers.