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Portable air-conditioner

A
Synopsis
On
‘Portable Air Conditioner’
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering

Under the guidance of

Er. Md. Rizwan Fazli

Assistant Professor, ECE Department

Submitted

By

Simran Singh (2004850310040)

Sejal Singh (2004850310038)

S R INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

(485)
(Approved By AICTE, Ministry of HRD Govt of India, and Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul
Kalam Technical University, Lucknow)

NH-24 SITAPUR ROAD, BAKSHI KA TALAB, LUCKNOW

(2023-24)

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DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any
other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except
where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature: Signature:
Name: Simran Singh Name: Sejal Singh
Roll No.:2004850310040 Roll No.:2004850310038
Date: 27/04/2024 Date: 27/04/2024

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled Portable Air conditioner which is submitted
by A Simran singh and sejal singh in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of [Link] degree in the Department of Electronics and communication Engineering of S R
Institute of Management & Technology, Lucknow, is a record of the candidates own work
carried out by them under my supervision. The matter embodied in this report is original
and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Er Mohammad Rizwan fazli Er. Beer Singh

Project Guide Head of Department

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the [Link] Project undertaken during Final
Year of [Link]. We owe special debt of gratitude to Er Mohammad Rizwan fazli. Assistant
Professor, ECE Department, S R Institute of Management & Technology, Lucknow for his constant
support and guidance throughout the course of our work. His sincerity thoroughness and perseverance
have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his great efforts that our endeavor has seen
light of the day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Er. Beer Singh, Head, ECE
Department, S R Institute of Management & Technology, Lucknow for his full support and
assistance during the development of the project.

We also would not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of
our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the
completion of the project.

SEJAL SINGH
SIMRAN SINGH

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION .............................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................... ii
CERTIFICATE .............................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... iv

• Chapter One
o Introduction …………………………………….

• Chapter Two
o System Theory ……………………………
o System Components ……………………………
o System Design ………………………………….

• Chapter Three
o Future work …………………………………….
o Conclusion …………………………………….

References …………………………………….

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Chapter 1
Introduction
This is the first part of our two semester long graduation project.

In this report, we present the research work and design work of the project.

The goal of this project is to design and build an eco-friendly portable air conditioning unit.

Our advisor gave us a set of design constraints for our design.

What is Portable Air Conditioner?

It’s a Box, which will work as an Air Conditioner with the ability to take it around with you
wherever you go and enjoy a clean cold air blowing on your face while enjoying your time
out.

Why Portable Air Conditioner?

Imagine you are sitting in your house in a hot summer day, and you feel like going out, but
what stops you is the hot air outside. Now that’s where the “Portable Air Conditioner”
Comes. You will hold that Box lying nears you and go outside, sit where ever you want, and
enjoy the Cold air that will be blowing from the box.

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How is it done?
It will be done using a combination of Software and Hardware. The hardware will be used
to make the air cold, and then control everything using the software

What are the advantages of it?

• Environment Friendly.
o Nothing harmful comes out of it like normal AC’s.

• Indian Society in need of it.

o Due the hot atmosphere in this region.

• Multifunctional.
o Can be used as a normal Ice Box and as an AC.

• Doesn’t need much power

o A rechargeable battery will be used to run it.

• Safe.

• Easy to use.
o Useable by all ages.

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Initial Research Work

We began the project by looking at the power requirement of a of a typical air conditioner
unit.

A standard AC uses a compressor to compress.

The Compressor
The compressor used to air condition your car works in a similar way to the one in the
refrigerator in your kitchen.

The job of the compressor is to move liquid refrigerant around in a pipe.

The compressor pumps, or forces the liquid from the evaporator into a condenser and
expansion valve, and then back to the evaporator.

We found that even a small compressor would require too much power, so we had to look
into a different approach.

• How our project works

The Beginning of the project and first idea
So since we couldn’t use a compressor, we came with an idea of using an ice box, and
turning it into an AC by adding ICE and other components that will be described
below.

So at the begging we had the idea of the box and showing in the figure bellow, we
planned to use one radiator, one water pump and one fan for the outtake.

The water pump will be connected to the radiator, and there will be a fan on top of it,
that will be blow the air out.

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And for the intake we would use a copper pipe to pass the air through, from the intake
to the radiator, and this copper pipe will be inside the box which will be full of ice,
and some water for the water pump.

But unfortunately, by applying this design we weren’t able to achieve our aim of
getting a low temperature and it wasn’t satisfying.

So we made modifications to our project which changed it completely.

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Our Project by the end:-

So after trying the first idea and testing it and not getting the results
we wanted, we came with these modifications (Shown in pics below)

We had to use 2 radiators instead of 1 radiator only, and instead of 1 fan for the
outtake, we would have 1 fan for the intake and 2 fans for the outtake.

And what we did at the beginning was by dividing the box into 2 champers, and on
one side we have the intake fan, and it will blow the air inside the box, this air will go
through the ice, and the then through the radiator which we placed in between the 2
champers,

And then the air will move into to the 2nd champers and go through the ice again and
into a second radiator, and on top of this radiator we have 2 fans which will be used
for the outtake. We used 2 fans instead of 1 fan because our project idea was to make
it useable by 2 users in a golf cart.

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Results

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Plot:-

Temperature change in time

30

20 18 19 20
12 13 15
10 8 10 Temprature
6 6 7 7
0
0:10 0:20 0:30 0:40 0:50 1:00 1:10 1:20 1:30 1:40 1:50 2:00

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Project Features

The basics features for this design were:

1- Must be portable; weight must not exceed 15Kg.

2- The size should be no bigger than 60cm x 40cm x 40cm.

3- The unit should be powered by a 12V rechargeable battery, no more than 5000m
Ah.

4- The unit should be able to operate for 3 hours continuously on one charge.

5- The unit must display the temperature of the output air, and the ambient air.

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Specifications

So after testing the project and getting the results we put up these
specifications,,

1-The outcome temperature is 20 *C lower than the surrounding temperature.

2-We can put up to 6.5kg of ice.

3-It weight 4.9kg empty and 11-12kg full with ice.

4-The Ice takes around 1hour and 30min to melt.

5-It need 3.5Liters of water divided between the two champers.

5-The ice can last for 1day when idle.

6-We can get cold air for 2 hours when running continuously.

7-The measurements of the box are 45cm long, 27cm wide, 32cm Height.

8-The battery last up to 2 hours and half when running continuously.

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Chapter 2
The System

System Theory

• Heat Exchange
What is a heat exchanger?
Suppose you have a gas central heating furnace (boiler) that heats hot-water radiators in
various rooms in your home. It works by burning natural gas, making a line or grid of hot gas
jets that fire upward over water flowing through a network of pipes. As the water pumps
through the pipes, it absorbs the heat energy and heats up. This arrangement is what we mean
by a heat exchanger: the gas jets cool down and the water heats up.

A heat exchanger is a device that allows heat from a fluid (a liquid or a gas) to pass to a
second fluid (another liquid or gas) without the two fluids having to mix together or come
into direct contact. If that's not completely clear, consider this. In theory, we could get the
heat from the gas jets just by throwing cold water onto them, but then the flames would go
out! The essential principle of a heat exchanger is that it transfers the heat without
transferring the fluid that carries the heat.

Photo: How a simple heat exchanger works. A hot

fluid (shown in red) flows through a tube coiled
inside a larger shell through which another, colder
fluid (shown in blue) is running in the opposite
direction. Heat is exchanged by the fluids: the hot
fluid cools down and the cold fluid warms up,
without them actually coming into contact and
mixing.

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What are heat exchangers used for?

You can see heat exchangers in all kinds of places,

usually working to heat or cool buildings or helping
engines and machines to work more efficiently.
Refrigerators and air conditioners, for example, use
heat exchangers in the opposite way from central
heating systems: they remove heat from a
compartment or room where it's not wanted and pump
it away in a fluid to some other place where it can be
dumped out of the way.

In power plants or engines, exhaust gases often

contain heat that's heading uselessly away into the
open air.

That's a waste of energy and something a heat

exchanger can certainly reduce (though not eliminate entirely—some heat is always going
to be lost). The way to solve this problem is with heat exchangers positioned inside the
exhaust tail pipes or smokestacks.

As the hot exhaust gases drift upward, they brush past copper fins with water flowing
through them. The water carries the heat away, back into the plant. There, it might be
recycled directly; maybe warming the cold gases that feed into the engine or furnace,
saving the energy that would otherwise be needed to heat them up. Or it could be put to
some other good use, for example, heating an office near the smokestack.

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System Components
• Radiator

A radiator is a type of heat exchanger. It is designed to transfer heat from the hot coolant that
flows through it to the air blown through it by the fan.

Most modern cars use aluminum radiators. These radiators are made by brazing thin
aluminum fins to flattened aluminum tubes. The coolant flows from the inlet to the outlet
through many tubes mounted in a parallel arrangement. The fins conduct the heat from the
tubes and transfer it to the air flowing through the radiator.

The tubes sometimes have a type of fin inserted into them called a tabulator, which increases
the turbulence of the fluid flowing through the tubes. If the fluid flowed very smoothly
through the tubes, only the fluid actually touching the tubes would be cooled directly. The
amount of heat transferred to the tubes from the fluid running through them depends on the
difference in temperature between the tube and the fluid touching it. So if the fluid that is in
contact with the tube cools down quickly, less heat will be transferred. By creating turbulence
inside the tube, all of the fluid mixes together, keeping the temperature of the fluid touching
the tubes up so that more heat can be extracted, and all of the fluid inside the tube is used
effectively.

• Transistor
A transistor is a miniature electronic component that can do two different jobs. It can work
either as an amplifier or a switch. And in our project we used the transistor as a switch.

When used as switch. A tiny electric current flowing through one part of a transistor can
make a much bigger current flow through another part of it. In other words, the small current
switches on the larger one. This is essentially how all computer chips work. For example, a
memory chip contains hundreds of millions or even billions of transistors, each of which can
be switched on or off individually. Since each transistor can be in two distinct states, it can
store two different numbers, zero and one. With billions of transistors, a chip can store
billions of zeros and ones, and almost as many ordinary numbers and letters

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• Arduino

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. It's intended for anyone making interactive projects.

ARDUINO BOARD
Arduino senses the environment by receiving inputs from many sensors, and affects
its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.

ARDUINO SOFTWARE
You can tell your Arduino what to do by writing code in the Arduino programming
language and using the Arduino development environment.

• Temperature sensor LM35

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.

The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the
user is not required to subtract a large Constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to
provide typical accuracies of ±0.25̊C at room temperature and ±0.75̊C over a full −55 to
+150 ̊C temperature range

• 3Fans
• Wires
• switches
• Water pumps
• Bread Bored
• Pipe
• Ice Box
• Diode
• Resistors

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• System Design

➢ System Sketch (first sketch)

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System Sketch (Last skecth)

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➢ System Flow Chart (first)

The system will start with the fan at speed 1,

We will have 3 push buttons to control 3 speeds, “1,2,3”

And we will have an LCD screen to display the fan speed and also The Temperature
reading that it will get from the heat sensor.

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➢ System Flow Chart (Last)

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Code

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Chapter 3
Future Work

• Adding Solar Panel

o By Adding Solar Panel we can charge the battery at any time, and therefor; get
rid of the need of charging the battery before going out, and it will make the
AC run as long as there is sun.

• Making a Wireless Controller

o By using wireless controller it will easier to turn OFF or ON the AC, while
being a bit far.

• Make it a smart machine

o Make it smart by being able to recognize a sort of voice command.
o Make it able to turn ON or OFF or change the fan speed depending on the
temperature in the camp.
o Adding motion sensors or pressure sensors so the fans would turn On or OFF
automatically.

Conclusion

• We got to our object of achieving a low temperature.

• We were able to display the temperature on the LCD screen.

• We were able to maintain the temperature for a good period of time.

• The hardware was controlled by the software like what was explained in the previous
point.

• We used an Arduino to do the software.

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References

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

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