Information System
Development
Chapter 1: Introduction to System
Analysis and Design
Chapter 1: Introduction to System Analysis
and Design 1
The impact of information technology
Information technology (IT)
Is a combination of hardware and software products and
services
Use to manage, access, communicate, and share
information.
The future of IT
Create a new economy
Online Internet population expected to increase by almost
60% between 2001 and 2004.
Higher IT spending by enterprises and many company
depends on IT to improve efficiency and reduce operating
cost.
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The role of System Analysis and Design
System analysis and design (SAD) is
A step by step process for development of high quality
information systems.
Information system (IS)
Is combination of information technology, people and data
to support business requirements.
IS is plans, develops, and maintains by system analyst.
Who develops IS?
In-house application.
Software vendor who develops software packages
Outsourcing
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Information Components
System
Is a set of related components that produces specific results.
Examples of systems: Student Information System, accounting
system and manufacturing information system.
Data: consists of raw facts that are the system’s raw material.
Information: data that has been transformed into output that is
valuable to user.
Five key components of IS:
Hardware – physical layer of IS such as computer, printer and
network.
Software – programs that control the hardware and produce the
desired information or result such as operating system, and
DBMS
Data
Processes – describe the tasks and business functions that
users, managers, and IT staff perform to achieve specific results.
People – end users, internal users, and external users.
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Understanding the Business
IT professional must understand a company’s business
operations in order to design successful systems.
System analyst use business process modeling to represent a
company’s operations and information needs.
Business profile
An overview that describe company’s overall operations,
processes, organization, products, services, customers,
suppliers, competitors, constraints and future direction.
Business Models
Is a graphical representation of one or more business processes
that a company performs,
such as accepting an airlines reservation, selling a ticket, or
crediting a customer accounts.
A Business models describes a specific set of transactions,
events, tasks, and results.
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Impact of the Internet
Internet-based commerce is called e-commerce
which include two main sectors: B2C (business
to consumer) and B2B (business to business).
B2C
Allow consumer to go online to purchase product or
services.
Examples: [Link], [Link], [Link], etc.
B2B
B2B enable smaller supplier to contact large customers,
and allows purchasers to obtains instance information
about market prices and availability.
On industry-wide scale, B2B sites exists where buyers,
sellers, distributors, and manufactures transact
business, exchange information, collaborate.
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Web-based System Development
Internet-based system is a series of web pages that
provides a user interface, which communicates with one or
more level of data management software and a web-based
database server.
IBM Websphere, .Net Framework, PHP and ColdFusion
are among popular technology to develop Web-based
System.
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How business uses Information System?
System categories based on the user group:
Office system (administrative staff)
Operational system (operational personnel)
Decision support system (middle manager & knowledge
workers)
Executive information system (top managers)
New system definition (category)
Enterprise computing system
Transaction processing system
Business support system
Knowledge management system
User productivity system
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IS Categories
Enterprise Computing System
An information system that support company-wide
operations and data management requirements.
Example: Wal-Mat’s Inventory Control System, Boeing’s
production control system, and American Airline’s
reservation system.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system provide cost-
effective support for users and managers throughout the
company.
Transaction Processing (TP) System
TP System process data generated by day-to-day business
operation
Examples: order system, account receivable, and warranty
claim system.
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IS Categories (cont.)
Business Support Systems:
Provide job-related information support to users at all levels
of a company.
Such as analyze transactional data, generate information
needed to manage and control business processes, and
provide information for better decision making.
Knowledge Management System
Also called expert system
Simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base
and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is
applied.
Many system use fuzzy logic techniques
User Productivity System
A system that help employee improve productivity such as
word processing, email, video conferencing etc.
Information System Integration
A system that combine transaction processing system,
business support, knowledge management, and user
productivity features.
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IS Users and Their Needs
Top Managers
Develop long-range plan called strategic plan
How much should the company invest in Kangar branch?
Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers
Provide direction, necessary resources, and performance
feedback to supervisors and team leaders.
Weekly sales summary, daily sales report etc.
Supervisors and Team Leaders
Oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day
functions.
Operational Employees
Include users who rely on TP systems to enter and receive data
need to perform their job.
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System Development Tools and Techniques
Modeling
Modeling produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that
systems developers can analyze, test, and modify.
Business model describe the information that a system must provide
Data model describe data structure and design
Object model describe object and processes
Network model describe the design and protocols of communication links.
Process model describe the logic that programmers use to write code
modules.
Prototyping
Is an early working version of an information system.
Prototyping test system concepts and provides an opportunity to examine
input, output, and user interfaces before final decision are made.
Computer-Aided System Engineering (CASE) tools
To help system analyst develop and maintain information system.
Provide overall framework for system development and support wide variety
of design methodology
Examples: Visible Analyst and System Architect.
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System Development Methods
Structured Analysis
Uses a series of phases, called system development life cycle
(SDLC), to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an IS.
Uses a set pf process models to describe a system graphically.
Object-Oriented (OO) Analysis
Combines data and processes that act on the data into things
called object.
Joint Application Development (JAD) & Rapid Application
Development (RAD)
Both JAD and RAD use team composed of users, managers, and
IT staff to produce better result and more rapidly.
JAD uses team-based fact finding.
RAD more like a compressed version of the entire process.
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SDLC
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
describe activities and functions that all
developers perform, regardless of which
approach they use.
SDLC includes the following steps:
System planning
System analysis
System design
System implementation
System operation and support
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SDLC (cont.)
Systems Planning phase
Begins with system request that describes problems or desired
changes in an IS or a business process.
Includes preliminary investigation and feasibility study
System Analysis phase
To build logical model of the new system
System Design phase
To create a blueprint that documented requirements for the
system
System Implementation phase
Begin program the system and then testing.
System Operation and Support
The IT staff maintains and enhances the system.
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IT Department
Information technology (IT) department
develops and maintains a company’s IS.
Have a few unit or functions.
Application Development
System Support
User Support
Database Administration
Network Administration
Web Support
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System Analyst
Investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates,
and maintains a company’s information system.
Responsibilities
Overlaps business and technical issues.
Translate business requirements into IT projects.
Plans projects, develops schedules, and estimates costs.
Required Skills and background
Solid technical knowledge, strong oral and written communication
skills.
Degree in IT, or computer science.
Experience
Able to be team leader.
Have required IT skills for required project.
Certification
Added advantage if have professional certification.
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Chapter Review
What is information technology and why it is
important to a business?
Identify the main components on an IS.
Describe five types of IS, and give an example of
each.
Describe four organizational levels of a typical
business and their information requirements.
Describe the phases of SDLC.
Describe three types of system development
methods.
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and Design 18