Practice Exercise
−
1. What is the [OH] in the final solution prepared by (a) K2SO4 (b) K3 [Fe(CN)6]
mixing 20 mL of 0.05 M HCl with 30 mL of 0.10 M (c) Al(NO3)3 (d) K4 [Fe(CN)6]
Ba(OH)2?
10. The van’t Hoff factor (i) for a dilute aqueous solution of
(a) 0.10 M (b) 0.04 M the strong electrolyte barium hydroxide is:
(c) 0.005 M (d) 0.12 M
(a)
0 (b)
1
2. 25.3 g of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 is dissolved in (c)
2 (d)
3
enough water to make 250 mL of solution. If sodium 11. Which of the following represents a metastable
carbonate dissociates completely, molar concentration of system?
sodium ion, Na+ and carbonate ions, CO32− are respec- (a) An unsaturated solution
tively, (Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 106 g mol–1): (b) A dilute solution
(a) 0.477 M and 0.477 M (c) A saturated solution
(b) 0.955 M and 1.910 M (d) A supersaturated solution
(c) 1.910 M and 0.955 M 12. In liquid CCl4, which of the following has maximum
(d) 1.90 M and 1.910 M solubility?
3. Which of the following is dependent on temperature? (a) I2 (b) Br2
(c) NaCl (d) Cl2
(a)
Molarity (b)
Mole fraction
(c)
Weight percentage (d)
Molality 13. The solubility of a gas in a liquid increases with:
(a) Increase of temperature
4. An aqueous solution is 1.00 molal in KI. Which change (b) Amount of liquid taken
will cause the vapour pressure of the solution of (c) Decrease in temperature
increase?
(d) Reduction of gas pressure
(a) Addition of water
(b) Addition of NaCl 14. van’t Hoff factor for a dilute solution of sodium
(c) Addition of Na2SO4 argento cyanide is:
(d) Addition of 100 molal KI (a) 2 (b) 0.25
(c) 3.0 (d) 0.50
5. At 100°C, the vapour pressure of a solution of 6.5 g of a
solute in 100 g water is 732 mm. If Kb = 0.52, the boil- 15. In a 0.2 molal aqueous solution of a weak acid
ing point of the solution will be: HX, the degree of ionization is 0.3. Taking Kf for water
(a)
100°C (b)
101°C as 1.85 K kg melt, the freezing point of the solution will
(c)
102°C (d)
103°C be nearest to:
(a) –0.480°C (b) –0.360°C
6. Which of the following is incorrect for ideal solution?
(c) –0.260°C (d) +0.480°C
ΔHmix = 0
(a)
ΔUmix = 0
(b) 16. 2 mol of ethyl alcohol are present with 6 mol of water.
ΔP = Pobs – Pcalculated = 0
(c) The mole faction of alcohol is:
ΔGmix = 0
(d) (a) 0.5 (b) 0.75
(c) 0.15 (d) 0.25
7. A solution of sucrose (molar mass = 342 g mol–1)
has been prepared by dissolving 68.5 g of sucrose in 17. The mole fraction of a solute in 2.5 m aqueous solution
1000 g of water. The freezing point of the solution is:
obtained will be: (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1) (a) 0.043 (b) 0.43
(a) –0.570°C (b) –0.372°C (c) 4.3 (d) 43
(c) –0.520°C (d) +0.372°C 18. Total vapour pressure of mixture of 1 mol volatile com-
8. Of the following 0.1 m aqueous solutions, which one ponent A (pºA = 100 mm Hg) and 3 mol of volatile
will exhibit the largest freezing point depression: component B (pºB = 60 mm Hg) is 75 mm. For such
case:
(a) KCl (b) C6H12O6
(a) there is positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
(c) Al2(SO4)3 (d) K2SO4
(b) boiling point has been lowered.
9. Which one of the following electrolyte has the same (c) force of attraction between A and B is smaller than
value of the van’t Hoff factor (i) as that of Al2(SO4)3 (If that between A and A or between B and B.
all are 100% ionized)? (d) all the above statements are correct.
19. Which pair will not be isotonic? 27. The freezing point of a 4% aqueous solution of ‘A’ is
(a) 1M–NaCl and 2M Urea equal to the freezing point of 10% aqueous solution of
(b) 1M–CaCl2 and 1.5M KCl ‘B’. If the molecular weight of ‘A’ is 60, then the molec-
(c) 1.5M-AlCl3 and 2M Na2SO4 ular weight of ‘B’ will be:
(d) 2.4 M-KCl and 1M K3[Fe(CN)6] (a) 160 (b) 90
(c) 45 (d) 180
20. Among 0.1 M solution of NH2CONH2, Na3PO4 and
Al2(SO4)3: 28. An 1% solution of KCl (I), NaCl (II), BaCl2 (III), and
(A) The vapour pressure and freezing point are the low- urea (IV) have their osmotic pressure at the same tem-
est for urea. perature in the ascending order (molar masses of NaCl,
(B) The vapour pressure and freezing point are the high- KCl, BaCl2 and urea are respectively, 58.5, 74.5, 284,
est for urea. and 60 g. mol–1). Assume 100% ionization of the elec-
(C) The elevation in boiling point is the highest for trolytes at this temperature:
Al2(SO4)3. (a) I < III < II < IV (b) III < I < II < IV
(D) The depression in freezing point is the highest for (c) I < III < IV < II (d) III < IV < I < II
Al2(SO4)3.
(a) Only A and B (b) Only B, C, and D 29. Solution A contains 7 g/L of MgCl2 and solution B con-
(c) Only A, B, and C (d) All the above tains 7 g/L of NaCl. At room temperature, the osmotic
pressure of:
21. Which one of the following pairs of solution can expect (a) Solution A is greater than B
to be isotonic at the same temperature? (b) Both have same osmotic pressure
(a) 0.1 M urea and 0.1 M NaCl (c) Solution B is greater than A
(b) 0.1 M urea and 0.2 M MgCl2 (d) Cannot be determine
(c) 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4
(d) 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4 30. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at 88°C is 960 mm
and that of toluene at the same temperature is 380 mm.
22. A 5% solution of cane sugar (mol mass 342) is isotonic At what mole-fraction of benzene, the mixture will boil
with 1% solution of a substance X. The molecular mass at 88°C?
of X is: (a) 0.355 (b) 0.288
(a) 34.2 (b) 171.2
(c) 0.859 (d) 0.655
(c) 68.4 (d) 136.8
31. At a given temperature, total vapour pressure in Torr of
23. Formation of a solution from two component can be
a mixture of volatile components A and B is given by
considered as:
P = 120 – 75 XB
(1) pure solvent → separated solvent molecules, ΔH1
hence, vapour pressure of pure A and B respectively (in
(2) pure solute → separated solute molecules, ΔH2
Torr), are:
(3) separated solvent and solute molecules
(a) 120, 75 (b) 120, 195
→ solution, ΔH3
(c) 120, 45 (d) 75, 45
Solution so formed will be ideal if:
(a) ΔHsoln = ΔH1– ΔH2 – ΔH3 32. For an ideal binary liquid solution with PA0 > PB0 , which
(b) ΔHsoln = ΔH3– ΔH1 – ΔH2 relation between XA (molefraction of A in liquid phase)
(c) ΔHsoln = ΔH1+ ΔH2 + ΔH3 and YA (mole fraction of A in vapour phase) is correct?
(d) ΔHsoln = ΔH1+ ΔH2 – ΔH3 (a) YA < YB XA > XB
(b)
24. 6 g of urea is dissolved in 90 g of water. The relative Y X Y X
lowering of vapour pressure is equal to: (c) A > A (d) A < A
YB XB YB XB
(a) 0.02 (b) 0.05
(c) 0.1 (d) 0.04 33. How many grams of cane sugar, C12H22O11, should
25. The freezing point constant for water is 1.86 K-kg- be dissolved in 0.5 kg of water at 25°C to reduce the
mol–1. The change in freezing point when 0.01 mol vapour pressure of the water by 1.0%?
glucose is added to 1 kg water is: (a) 90 (b) 99
(a) 1.86 K (b) –1.86 K (c) 95.16 (d) 103.5
(c) 0.186 K (d) –0.0186 K
34. The vapour pressure of pure benzene is 90 mm Hg at
26. The osmotic pressure of 0.6% (w/v) aqueous solution 30°C. When 10 g of a non-volatile solute is added in
of non volatile and non electrolyte solute at 27°C is 390 g benzene, the vapour pressure falls by 8mm Hg.
2.463 atm. The molecular mass of solute is: Determine the molecular weight of the solute.
(a) 60 (b) 80 (a) 20.5 (b) 16.7
(c) 180 (d) 342 (c) 18.5 (d) 22
35. Which of the following units is useful in relating con- (a) Solution (B) and (C) will follow Raoult’s law.
centration of solution with its vapour pressure? (b) Solution (A) will follow Raoult’s law.
(a) Mole fraction (b) Parts per million (c) Solution (B) will show negative deviation from
(c) Mass percentage (d) Molality Raoult’s law.
36. 4L of 0.02 M aqueous solution of NaCl was diluted by (d) Solution (C) will show positive deviation from
adding one litre of water. The molality of the resultant Raoult’s law.
solution is:
(a) 0.004 (b) 0.008 43. If two liquids A and B form minimum boiling azeotrope
(c) 0.012 (d) 0.016 at some specific composition, then:
37. On dissolving sugar in water at room temperature, solu- (a) A–B interactions are stronger than those between
tion feels cool to touch. Under which of the following A–A or B–B.
cases, dissolution of sugar will be most rapid? (b) Vapour pressure of solution increases because less
(a) Sugar crystals in cold water. number of molecules of liquids A and B can escape
(b) Sugar crystals in hot water. from the solution.
(c) Powdered sugar in cold water. (c) Vapour pressure of solution decreases because less
(d) Powdered sugar in hot water. number of molecules of only one of the liquids
escape from the solution.
38. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of
people living at high altitude is due to: (d) A–B interactions are weaker than those between
(a) low temperature A–A or B–B.
(b) low atmospheric pressure
(c) high atmospheric pressure 44. The values of van’t Hoff factors for KCl, NaCl and
K2SO4, respectively, are:
(d) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure
(a) 2, 2 and 2 (b) 2, 2 and 3
39. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have (c) 1, 1 and 2 (d) 1, 1 and 1
the highest boiling point?
(a) 1.0 M NaOH (b) 1.0 M Na2SO4 45. We have three aqueous solutions of NaCl labelled as ‘A’,
(c) 1.0 M NH4NO3 (d) 1.0 M KNO3 ‘B’, and ‘C’ with concentrations 0.1 M, 0.01 M, and
0.001 M, respectively. The value of van’t Hoff factor for
40. KH value for Ar(g), CO2(g), HCHO (g), and CH4(g) are
these solutions will be in the order:
40.39, 1.67, 1.83×10–5, and 0.413 respectively.
iA < iB < iC
(a) iA > iB > iC
(b)
Arrange these gases in the order of their increasing
iA = iB = iC
(c) iA < iB > iC
(d)
solubility.
(a) HCHO < CH4 < CO2 < Ar
(b) HCHO < CO2 < CH4 < Ar
(c) Ar < CO2 < CH4 < HCHO MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS
(d) Ar < CH4 < CO2 < HCHO
46. Match the items given in Column–I with those given in
41. Considering the formation, breaking and strength of
Column–II:
hydrogen bond, predict which of the following mixtures
will show a positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Column–I (Solute) Column–II (Solvent)
(a) Methanol and acetone
P. Sucrose (i) Water
(b) Chloroform and acetone
(c) Nitric acid and water Q. Sodium chloride (ii) Benzene
(d) Phenol and aniline R. Naphthalene
42. On the basis of information given below mark the cor- S. Anthracene
rect option. 47. Match the items given in Column–I with those given in
(A) In bromoethane and chloroethane mixture intermo- Column–II:
lecular interactions of A–A and B–B type are nearly
same as A–B type interactions. Column–I Column–II
(B) In ethanol and acetone mixture A–A or B–B type P. Molarity (i) Mol kg–1
intermolecular interactions are stronger than A–B Q. Molality (ii) Moles in 100 moles
type interactions.
R. Mole percent (iii) Mol L–1
(C) In chloroform and acetone mixture A–A or B–B
type intermolecular interactions are weaker than S. Sum of mole fractions (iv) One
A–B type interactions.
48. Match the items given in Column–I with those given in 49. Statement I: Heat is evolved when a salt capable of
Column–II: forming hydrate is dissolved in water.
Column–I Column–II Statement II: Hydrate formation is basically related
with the breaking of bonds in bulk of water.
P. Isotonic solution (i) Solution having OP equal
to that of given solution 50. Statement I: On heating, dissolved gases escape out of
Q. Hypertonic (ii) Solution having higher solution.
solution OP than given solution Statement II: Dissolution of gases is endothermic in
R. Hypotonic (iii) Solution having lower nature.
solution OP than given solution
STATEMENT-BASED QUESTIONS
Direction for questions 49 and 50: Given below are Statement I and
Statement II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Statement I is correct Statement II is false
(b) Statement I is incorrect Statement II is true
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Answer Key
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36. (d) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. ((P → (i)); (Q → (ii)); (R → (ii)); (S → (ii))
47. ((P → (iii)); (Q → (i)); (R → (ii)); (S → (iv)) 48. ((P → (i)); (Q → (ii)); (R → (iii)) 49. (a) 50. (a)
Chapter 16: Solutions
+ 3–
M BVB − M AV A K3[Fe(CN)6] 3K + [Fe(CN)6] (i = 4)
1. [OH] = 3+ –
V A + VB Al(NO3)3 Al + 3NO3 (i = 4)
2 ´ 0.1 ´ 30 - 20 ´ 0.05 a = 100%
= = 0.1
50 i = n (No. of ions after dissociation)
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
2+
Wt. 1000 10. Ba(OH)2 Ba + 2OH
2. Molarity (M) = ×
Mol. wt. vol (mL) If a = 100%; i = n = 3
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
25.3 1000
= × = 0.955 mol/L of Na2CO3 11. A supersaturated solution is metastable, because on slight dis-
106 250
+ −2 turbance, solid separates out easily.
and Na2CO3 → 2Na + CO3
−2
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
Therefore, [CO3 ] = 0.955 M
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). 12. Br2 being a liquid is more soluble.
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
1
3. Molarity ∝ 13. Solubility of a gas in a liquid increases with decrease in
Temperature
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). temperature.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
4. Ps = P XA (XA = mole fraction of solvent)
+ –
14. Na[Ag(CN)2] Na + [Ag(CN)2]
On addition of water, the mole fraction of water increases,
therefore, vapour pressure increases. 1 0 0 so, i = 1 + a
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). 1-a a a so, i = l + l = 2
as a = 1 for very dilute solution
P − Ps o
w×M Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
5. = ; MB = 30.6
Ps W × MB 15. HX H+ + X–
w 0.2 0 0
Now, ΔTb = K b × × 1000 ≈ 1.1
W × MB 0.2 – (0.2)(0.3) (0.2)(0.3) (0.2)(0.3)
B.P. of solution = 100 + 1.1 = 101.1°C 0.2 + (0.2)(0.3)
Hence, the correct answer is option (b). i= = 1.3
(0.2)
ö DH = 0 DT = m ´ i ´ K f
6. As DG mix = DH mix - T DSmix ÷ f
ø DSmix > 0
= 0.2 × 1.85 × 1.3
Hence, ΔGmix cannot be zero.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). = 0.481
Tf = (0 – 0.481)°C = –0.481°C
68.5 × 1000
7. ΔTf = × 1.86 = 0.372
342 × 1000 Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
[Link]. of solution = 0°C – 0.372 = –0.372°C Moles of alcohol 2 2
16. X = = = = 0.25
Hence, the correct answer is option (b). Total moles 2+6 8
8. ΔTf ∝ mi Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
Since, ‘m’ is same so, deciding factor is i-value. 17. 2.5 m aqueous solution means 2.5 moles of the solute is dis-
solved in 1000 g of water.
Al2(SO4)3 > K2SO4 > KCl > C6H12O6
i = 5 3 2 1 n water = 55.55 mol
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). nsolute 2.5
X solute = = = 0.043
3+ 2– nsolute + n water 2.5 + 55.55
9.
Al2(SO4)3 2Al + 3SO4 (i = 5)
+ 4–
K4[Fe(CN)6] 4K + [Fe(CN)6] (i = 5) Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
0 0 31. P = 120 - 75 XB
18. pA = 100, n A = 1; pB = 60, n B = 3
If XB = 1; P ° = 120 - 75 = 45 mm of Hg
PS = pA0 ´ XA + pB0 ´ X B = 70 B
Given, PS = 75 If XB = 0; Ps = P ° = 120 mm of Hg
A
Hence, calculated PS is less than given PS.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
19. 2.4 M-KCl,1M-K3[Fe(CN)6] PA ° X A YA P X Y
32. = and A ° > 1 Þ A < A
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). PBX B YB PB° X B YB
20. The lowering of vapour pressure and depression in freezing Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
point are the lowest for urea.
P° − P
Hence, the correct answer is option (b). 33. = X1
P°
21. 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2, 0.1 M Na2SO4
1 w/342
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). = ⇒ w = 95.16 g
100 w/ 342 + 500/18
22. p sugar = p X Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
æ w ö æ w ö
ç ÷ =ç ÷ Þ mw = 68.4 P° − P
è mw ´ v øsugar è mw ´ v ø X 34. = X1
P°
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). 8 10/M
= ⇒ M = 20.5
23. ΔHsoln = ΔH1+ ΔH2 – ΔH3 90 10/M + 390
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). 78
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
P 0 − PS n 6 /60
24. = x2 = 2 = = 0.02 35. According to Raoult's law, p ∝ χ
P0 n1 6/60 + 90/18
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
Number of moles
25. ΔTf =Kf×m = 1.86 × 0.01 = 0.0186 K. 36. Molarity =
Volume of solution in litre
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
n
0.02 = ⇒ n = 0.08
26. p = CRT 4
w The volume is 5 L or the mass is 5 kg.
p = ´ RT Þ M w = 60
M w ´V 0.08
Molality = = 0.016
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). 5
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
27. Molality of solution should be same
m1 = m2; 37. After dissolution of sugar, it fells cool as the reaction is
endothermic and hot water favours dissolution. Moreover,
4 1000 10 1000 powdered sugar has larger surface area, which also favours
× = × ⇒ M B = 160
60 96 MB 90 dissolution.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
i 3 1 2 2 38. Body temperature of human beings remains constant.
28. p µ ; < < <
m × wt 284 60 74.5 58.5 Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
III < IV < I < II 39. Higher ΔT will have a higher boiling point.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
40. Higher is the value of KH, lower is the solubility of the gas.
p A i A ´ C A 7 ´ 58.5 3
29. = = ´ = 0.92 Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
p B iB ´ C B 95 ´ 7 2
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). 41. Pure methanol shows H-bonding. Acetone in between breaks
some of these H-bonds, which results in weaker interactions.
30. Xbenzene · P °benzene + Xtoluene·P °toluene= Patm Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
or Xbenzene × 960 + (1 – Xbenzene) × 380 = 760 42. Solution A will follow Raoult’s law as there are nearly same
∴ Mole fraction of benzene, Xbenzene = 0.655 interactions between A-A, B-B and A-B.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
43. The bonds between A-B are weaker than A-A and B-B bonds. 48. • Isotonic solution - Solution having OP equal to that of
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). given solution
• Hypertonic solution - Solution having higher OP than
44. KCl (K+ + Cl-); NaCl (Na+ + Cl-) ; K2SO4(2K+ + SO4–)
given solution
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
• Hypotonic solution - Solution having lower OP than
45. van’t Hoff factor decreases on increasing the concentration of given solution
the solution. This is because dissociation of salt will decrease
on increasing the concentration. Hence, the correct answer is ((P → (i)); (Q → (ii));
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). (R → (iii)))
MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS STATEMENT-BASED QUESTIONS
46. • Sucrose - Water 49. Hydrate formation is basically related with the formation of
• Sodium chloride - Water bonds by water molecules with the ions of the salt.
• Naphthalene - Benzene Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
• Anthracene - Benzene 50. Dissolution of gases is exothermic. According to Le Chatelier’s
Hence, the correct answer is ((P → (i)); (Q → (ii)); principle, gases will escape from solution on heating.
(R → (ii)); (S → (ii))).
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
47. • Molarity - Mol L–1
• Molality - Mol kg–1
• Mole percent - Moles in 100 moles
• Sum of mole fractions - One
Hence, the correct answer is ((P → (iii)); (Q → (i));
(R → (ii)); (S → (iv)))