• Explain , with dawing , whenever possible ,the Characteristics of renaissance
architecture ? • Explain the Rococo style, in interior design, the decorative arts, painting and
o Inspired by Roman buildings, orderly arrangements of columns, pilasters and lintels, Architecture ?
as well as the use of semicircular arches o architecture, and sculpture that originated in Paris in the early 18th century but was
hemispherical domes, niches and aedicules replaced the more complex proportional soon adopted throughout France and later in other countries, principally Germany
systems and irregular profiles of medieval buildings. and Austria.
o Plans - square, symmetrical appearance in which proportions are usually based on a o It is characterized by lightness, elegance, and an exuberant use of curving, natural
module forms in ornamentation. The word Rococo is derived from the French word rocaille,
o Facades - symmetrical around their vertical axis, domestic buildings are often which denoted the shell-covered rock work that was used to decorate artificial
surmounted by a cornice grottoes.
o Columns and pilasters - the Roman orders of columns are used: Tuscan, Doric, _______________________________________________________________________
Ionic, Corinthian and Composite • What are the introductions that paved the way for the design of skyscrapers in
o Arches – semi circular o Vaults – Chicago?
do not have ribs 1. new technologies: steel-frame construction in commercial buildings
o Domes - the dome is used frequently, both as a very large structural feature that is 2. the elevator, invented in 1852 made multi-storey buildings possible
visible from the exterior 3. spatial aesthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel
_______________________________________________________________________ developments in European Modernism.
• Mention with the explanation briefly about the most famous Architecture of the _______________________________________________________________________
Renaissance ? o Renaissance architecture tends to feature planar classicism (i.e.―flat How the late Baroque marks the ascent of France as the heart os western culture
classicism( o Planar classicism also tends to divide a wall into neat sections, with such through residencies and palaces ?
elements as columns, pilasters, and stringcourses. The Late Baroque marks the ascent of France as the heart of Western culture.
o
o The foremost Renaissance building types were the church, palazzo (urban Baroque art of France tends to be restrained. o The most distinctive
mansion), and villa (country mansion) element of French Baroque architecture is the doublesloped mansard roof.
_______________________________________________________________________ o The most famous Baroque structures of France are magnificent chateaux
What are the Distinctive features of Baroque architecture ? (grand country residences), greatest of which is the Palace of Versailles. The Palace of
1_In churches, broader naves and some mes given oval forms . Louvre in France and Blenheim Palace in England are other fine examples.
2_Fragmentary or deliberately incomplete architectural elements . _______________________________________________________________________
3_Drama c use of light; either strong light -and -shade contrasts as at the church of • Explain the phrase the says Baroque architecture is the building style of the Baroque
Weltenburg Abbey, or uniform lighting by means of several windows. era, begun in late 16th- century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance
4_Opulent use of colour and ornaments (pu or figures made of wood (o en gilded), architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion ?
plaster or stucco, marble or faux finishing). o It was characterized by new explorations of form, light and shadow, and dramatic
5_Large -scale ceiling frescoes . intensity.
6_An external façade o en characterized by a drama c central projec on . o The Baroque was, initially at least, directly linked.
7_The interior is a shell for pain ng, sculpture and stucco o to the Counter-Reformation, a movement within the Catholic Church to reform
8_ Illusory effects like an art technique involving extremely realis c imagery in order to itself in response to the Protestant Reformation.
create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three dimensions and the
o Baroque architecture and its embellishments were on the one hand more
blending of painting and architecture.
accessible to the emotions and on the other hand, a visible statement of the wealth
9_Pear -shaped domes in the Bavarian, Czech, Polish and Ukrainian Baroque
and power of the Church.
10_Marian and Holy Trinity columns erected in Catholic countries, often in thanksgiving
o The new style manifested itself in particular in the context of the new religious
for ending a plague.
orders, like the Theatines and the Jesuits who aimed to improve popular faith
_______________________________________________________________________
5 Andrea Palladio : *the four books of architecture: *orders
• What are the basic schools of modern architecture? of architecture *domestic of architecture
*public buildings *town planning
1. The Chicago School
*temples *Villa rotunda, Vicenza *Villa barbaro, maser
2. The Werkbund *San Giorgio Maggiore.
3. The Bauhaus 6 Giacomo da Vignola : *villa Farnese *canon of the five
_______________________________________________________________________ orders of architecture *the church of the gesu, Rome.
7 Michelangelo Buonarotti : *The palazzo Farnese
• Talk about the works of the big three of modernism? *Sagrestia Nuova *The Laurentian library , Florence *Medici
Le Corbusier in France 1896-1967 chapels
The Domino House *Tomb of Lorenzo di Piero de Medici *Tomb of Giuliano di
Villa Savoye, Poissy Lorenzo de Medici *The statue of David
*picture of Jesus and his mother.
The Modulor Man by Le Corbusier __________________________________________________________________________
Notre-Dame-de-Haut, Ronchamp, France
1. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Germany 1886-1969 THE FOUR BOOKS OF ARCHITECTURE : •Orders of
architecture •Domestic architecture •Public buildings
His famous works in Europe are the Barcelona Pavilion and the Villa Tugendhat, in
•Town planning •Temples
America are found in Chicago such as the Federal Center and the Crown Hall of the IIT. __________________________________________________________________________
The German Pavilion
THE ARCHITECTS OF THE RENAISSANCE ?
Crown Hall
_ 1Filippo Brunelleschi(1377 –1446).
2. Walter Gropius in Germany 1883-1969 2_Michelozzo di Bartolomeo(1396-1472).
The Bauhaus School Building 3_ Leon Ba sta Alber ( 1404-1472).
Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts 4_Donato Bramante (1444 –1514).5_Andrea
Palladio (1508 –1580).
_______________________________________________________________________
6_Giacomo da Vignola (1507 –1573). 7_
• what are the main characteristics of modern architecture? Michelangelo Buonaro (1475 – 1564( .
o a radical simplification of form ____________________________________
WHAT ARE STEPS OF A CULTURAL MOVEMENT,
o a rejection of ornament
IN ITALY THAT ENCOMPASSED THE LEARNING?
o and adoption of glass, steel and concrete as preferred materials. As a cultural movement, it encompassed a
_______________________________________________________________________ resurgence of learning based on:
1_classical sources.
• What are steps of a cultural movement, in Italy that encompassed the learning? 2_the development of linear perspec ve in
1. classical sources painting.
2. the development of linear perspective in painting 3_gradual but widespread educa onal
reform.
3. gradual but widespread educational reform.
__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
1-Filippo Brunelleschi : *The Florence cathedral dome
1436 *The foundling hospital 1421 – 1444 *Pazzi chapel
1460 *Basilica of Santa Maria del Santo spirit.
2 Michelozzo di Bartolomeo: *Palazzo of Medici.
3 Leon Battista Alberti : *the plazzo of rucellai *san Maria
novella *basilica of Sant Andrea mantua.
4 Donato Bramante : *the Tempietto Rome *Sant peter
basilica Rome.