Answers to Coursebook exercises

19 Interpreting and discussing results

F Exercise 19.1 Interpreting and drawing frequency diagrams

1 a Mass, m (kg) Frequency Midpoint
40 ≤ m < 50 4 45
50 ≤ m < 60 12 55
60 ≤ m < 70 8 65

b Masses of students in 9T
y
14
12
Frequency

10
8
6
4
2
0 x
40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Mass (kg)

c 24 d 2
3
2 a 50 at each surgery
b Oaklands Surgery Birchfields Surgery
Time, t (minutes) Frequency Midpoint Time, t (minutes) Frequency Midpoint
0 ≤ t < 10 25 5 0 ≤ t < 10 8 5
10 ≤ t < 20 10 15 10 ≤ t < 20 14 15
20 ≤ t < 30 12 25 20 ≤ t < 30 17 25
30 ≤ t < 40 3 35 30 ≤ t < 40 11 35
c Waiting times at two doctors’ surgeries
Oaklands Birchfields
y
30
25
Frequency

20
15
10
5
0 x
0 10 20 30 40
Waiting time (minutes)

d Over three times as many people had to wait less than 10 minutes in Oaklands surgery compared to
Birchfields. More people had to wait over 10 minutes in Birchfields surgery compared to Oaklands.

Copyright Cambridge University Press 2013 Cambridge Checkpoint Mathematics 9 1

 Unit 19 Answers to Coursebook exercises

3 a Number of hours year 9 students spend doing

homework each week
y Boys Girls
20
16
12
8
4
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 x

b More girls spend between 0 and 4, and 12 and 20 hours doing homework each week, whereas more boys spend
between 4 and 12 hours doing homework each week.
c 40 boys and 50 girls
d No, as there were 10 more girls than boys surveyed. There should have been the same number of boys and girls
in order to make a fair comparison.

F Exercise 19.2 Interpreting and drawing line graphs

1 a y Monthly rainfall in Lima, Peru
5
Rainfall (mm)

4
3
2
1
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D x
Month

b Example: Rainfall decreases steadily from January to April, then increases between April and July. Apart from
an increase between August and Spetember there is a steady decrease between July and November. The year
finishes with a small increase between November and December.
c June and July
2 a y Number of tourists worldwide
Number of tourists (millions)

1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650 x
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Year

b Number of tourists is increasing each year. The number increased at a similar rate between 2002 and 2008,
then from 2008 to 2010 it increased at a smaller rate.
c 880 million
d Answer between 950 and 970 million

2 Cambridge Checkpoint Mathematics 9 Copyright Cambridge University Press 2013

 Answers to Coursebook exercises Unit 19
3 a Daily temperatures recorded in Athens in one week
Maximum temperature (°C)
y Minimum temperature (°C)
24
22
Temperature (°C)

20
18
16
14
12
10 x
Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun
Day of week

b For example: The maximum temperatures increased gradually during the week, peaked on Thursday, then
gradually decreased for the rest of the week. The minimum temperatures started increasing from Tuesday,
peaked on Thursday, dropped back down on Friday and Sunday, with a slight increase on Saturday.
c Friday
4 a 43 million b 1998 and 2000 c 2000 and 2002
d No because the graph is increasing and decreasing by different amounts. There is no real pattern to the figures.
5 a Mass is increasing every year. b Age 10 and Age 12 c 50 kg
d No because by age 18 a girl should be almost fully grown. You cannot tell whether she will put on more mass
or stay the same.

F Exercise 19.3 Interpreting and drawing scatter graphs

1 a
Hours spent by students doing
y homework and watching TV
Hours watching TV

20
15
10
5
0
x
0 5 10 15 20
Hours doing homework
b Negative correlation. The more homework the students does, the less TV they watch.
2 a History and music test
y results of 15 students
80
70
60
Music result (%)

50
40
30
20
10
0 x
0 20 40 60 80 100
History result (%)
b No correlation. Getting a good result in one subject doesn’t mean a student will get a good, or bad,
result in the other.

Copyright Cambridge University Press 2013 Cambridge Checkpoint Mathematics 9 3

 Unit 19 Answers to Coursebook exercises

3 a Temperature and number of cold drinks sold

y over a 14 day period
cold drinks sold 32
Number of

28
24
20 x
25 30 35
Maximum daytime temperture (°C)
b Positive correlation. The higher the temperature the more cold drinks were sold.
4 a Positive correlation. The greater the distance, the longer the journey took.
b 6 km in 16 minutes. It should have taken less time, so the taxi may have been delayed in traffic.

F Exercise 19.4 Interpreting and drawing stem-and-leaf diagrams

1 a Beach car park City car park
3 0 4 9
7 6 6 6 5 4 2 5 5 5 7
9 7 7 6 5 4 6 9
2 2 1 0 0 6 8 8 9
Key: For the Beach car park, 5 | 4 means 45 ice-creams
For the City car park, 3 | 0 means 30 ice-creams
b i Mode ii Median iii Range
Beach car park 46 57 17
City car park 45 46 39
c For example: On average Antonino had better sales at the Beach car park. His median was higher. This shows
that 50% of his daily sales were 57 ice-creams or more, compared to only 46 for the City car park. His mode
was also higher. The range was smaller, showing that his sales were more consistent, however it was at the City
car park where he had his highest daily sale of 69 ice-creams.
d For example: No, Antonino’s sales were better at the City car park as he had a higher median and mode and
sales were more consistent.
2 a
i Mode ii Median iii Range iv Mean
Boys’ times 17.4 s 16.3 s 2.9 s 16.56 s
Girls’ times 16.8 s 17.5 s 4s 17.72 s

b For example: On average the boys ran faster than the girls, as their mean and median were lower. The girls had
the fastest modal time, but they had a larger range showing that their times were more varied than the boys.
c For example: No, as the girls mean and median are both slower. This shows that on average the boys are faster.
3 a Website A Website B
12 8 9
4 3 0 0 13 4 6 8
8 7 6 5 5 5 2 1 14 5 5 5 6 6 8
9 8 5 3 3 2 2 15 4 5 6 7 7 8
1 0 16 6 7 8 9
Key: For Website A, 0 | 13 means 130 hits
For Website B, 12 | 8 means 128 hits

4 Cambridge Checkpoint Mathematics 9 Copyright Cambridge University Press 2013

 Answers to Coursebook exercises Unit 19
b i Mode ii Median iii Range iv Mean
Website A 145 147 31 147.1
Website B 145 148 41 149.9
For example: Website A and Website B both had the same mode and almost the same median. The median for
Website B was only one more than Website A, so this average is almost the same. The mean was also very similar
with only a difference of 2.8 hits per day. So on average Website B had slightly more hits than Website A. Website
B’s range is a lot higher than Website A, showing that the number of hits it had per day varied a lot more.
c Example: They could use either website. Website A was more consistent. Website B was only slightly better on
average than Website A.

F Exercise 19.5 Comparing distributions and drawing conclusions

1  or example: The heights of the Stage 7 students are more varied. There were no Stage 8 students between 120 cm
F
and 130 cm tall, compared with three Stage 7 students. The greatest difference was between 160 cm and 170 cm
tall where there were nine more Stage 8 students than Stage 7 students.
2 F
 or example: The number of goals scored at home matches was less varied than at away matches i.e. they were
more consistent at home. The greatest number of goals they scored at a home match was 5 (twice), compared
to 4 (once) at an away match. They never scored less than 2 goals at a home match, whereas at 9 away matches
they scored less than 2 goals.
3 a For example: The scatter graph showing monthly milk production and average daytime temperature has
positive correlation. The scatter graph showing monthly milk production and average rainfall has negative
correlation.
b Yes, because the graphs show that in warmer months more milk is produced, and in wetter months less
milk is produced.
c
Mode Median Range Mean
2010 59 000 59 000 20 000 63 000
2011 52 000 61 000 17 000 60 700
For example: Claude is correct because the mean milk production was higher in 2010 than 2011, so on average
his cows produced more milk per month. Although the median was higher in 2011, there were a few months
when milk production was low and so the overall mean was less than for 2010. The range in 2011 was less than
2010, which means that milk production in 2011 was more consistent.
4 a For example: In 1960 there were more people aged under 40 years in the village, compared to 2010. In 2010
there were 8 people in the village over the age of 80, compared with none in 1960. There were nine times as
many people aged 60 to 80 in the village in 2010 as there were in 1960.
b In 1960, 37 were over the age of 40 out of 158 altogether, 37 × 100 = 23.4% (approx 25%)
158
In 2010, 96 were over the age of 40 out of 162 altogether, 96 × 100 = 59.3% (approx 60%)
162
Yes they are correct.
c For example: People are living longer, so there are more people in the older age ranges. The number of young
people may be declining as they move to towns or cities to look for work.

End-of-unit review
1 a 60
b Andersons Supermarket Chattersals Supermarket
Time, t (minutes) Frequency Midpoint Time, t (minutes) Frequency Midpoint
0 ≤ t < 15 5 7.5 0 ≤ t < 15 32 7.5
15 ≤ t < 30 8 22.5 15 ≤ t < 30 13 22.5
30 ≤ t < 45 38 37.5 30 ≤ t < 45 10 37.5
45 ≤ t < 60 9 52.5 45 ≤ t < 60 5 52.5

Copyright Cambridge University Press 2013 Cambridge Checkpoint Mathematics 9 5

 Unit 19 Answers to Coursebook exercises

c
Time it takes employees
to travel to work
Andersons supermarket
y Chattersals supermarket
40
Frequency

30
20
10
0 x
0 15 30 45 60
Time (minutes)
d For example: More than 6 times as many employees took less than 15 minutes to travel to work to Chattersals
than Andersons, whereas nearly 4 times as many took between 30 and 45 minutes to travel to Andersons than
Chattersals. Only 5 employees (8%) from Chattersals took longer than 45 minutes to travel to work, compared
with 9 employees (15%) from Andersons.
2 a
Number of visitors (millions)

Number of visitors
y
to a theme park
3
2.5
2
1.5
1 x
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Year
b Visitor numbers are steadily increasing.
c 1.65 million
d Answer between 2.5 and 2.6 million (inclusive)
3 a i Mode ii Median iii Range iv Mean
Boys times 67 s 69 s 32 s 69.1 s
Girls times 56 s 63 s 32 s 64.5 s

b The range is the same for the boys and the girls so they are both as varied as each other. The median and the
mean for the boys and girls are all over 60 seconds. The boys’ mean and median are higher than the girls’. The
girls’ mean and median are closer to 60 seconds. The girls’ mode is only 4 seconds under 60 seconds, whereas
the boys’ mode is 7 seconds over 60 seconds.
c No, the boys’ median is higher, but is further away from 60 seconds, as is their mean, so the boys are worse at
estimating 60 seconds.

6 Cambridge Checkpoint Mathematics 9 Copyright Cambridge University Press 2013