ZAMBEZE UNIVERSITY
THE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
COURSE: GENERAL MEDICINE 1ST LEVEL 2023
ENGLISH
TOPIC: WORD FORMATION PROCESS
Tete, August of 2023
1
ZAMBEZE UNIVERSITY
THE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
GRUP WORK
TOPIC: WORD FORMATION PROCESS
ECHELDE MARCIA
JUSTINO LUIS
NARCISO MALATE
JAIMITO JORGE
NAYLA SIDDIQUI
MERINHO VASCO
EUFRASIA ALEXANDRE
MILTON ADRIANO
Essay to be submitted in
coordenation of degree in
Pharmacy of UZ.
Tutor:Dr Evance Kadzuwa
Marques
Tete, August of 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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First of all, at beginning of this present it can be said that the following job talks about the Word
Formation. Word formation process is generally known as the phenomenon which is so close to
human’s life in the world. According to Trask (1997), word formation process is a way to construct
new words from existing materials. Meanwhile, according to Hacken and Thomas (2013), word
formation process is how to produce the new words based on the some rules. Besides, Plag (2003)
stated that word formation process is the process to create new words from other words. From the
explanation above, it can be concluded that word formation process is the way to construct new
words from the existing words based on some rules. Word formation process can be productive and
[Link] the main goal of this job is to increase the most part of knowledge in terms of
word formation process. Certainly the result of this research became much important for me because
through that task it was possible to increase and improve once again our knowledge. In this case, we
have learnt more about this, but it was also a good time to conceive some ideas about how to behave
when we want to talk about the word formation. Naturally, I expect that this work is very simple and
understandable for everyone who is going to read all this rich information.
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1.1.1. General objective
Describe the word formation process
2. WORD FORMATION PROCESS
Word Formation Process (also called Morphological Process) is a means by which new words are
produced either by modification of existing words or by complete innovation, which in turn become
a part of the language.
[Link] of word formation processes
Different types of word formation processes are employed to create new words. Here, we will
explore some of the basic processes by which new words are [Link], all word formation
processes basically bring either 9 process’s of word formation.
9 ESSENTIAL WORD FORMATION PROCESSES
1. Derivation
2. Back Formation
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7. Abbreviation
8. Acronyms
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[Link]/affixation
'Derivation' is one of the significant word-formation processes that attach derivation affixes to the
main form to create a new word. Affixes (prefix or suffix) are regarded as bound morphemes.A
bound morpheme doesn't have any independent meaning, and it needs the help of a free morpheme
to form a new word.
It is a word formation process wherein an affix is attached to a root (also called stem; base) to form a
new word. A root is a free morpheme (also called unbound morpheme) that can appear alone. On the
other hand, an Affix is a bound morpheme which never occurs by itself, but is always attached to
some free morpheme and can be either inflectional or derivational. An Inflectional affix modifies the
form/grammatical category of a word, i.e., tense, person, number, gender, case, etc.
In English there are two types of affixations:
• Prefixation: In this morphological process words are formed by adding an affix to the front
of a root. The type of affix used in this process is referred to as prefix.
For example: Hyper Hypertension, hyperthyroidism
Inter : Inter-college, inter-state, inter-city
Micro: Micro-economics, microscope, micro-organis
• Suffixation: In this morphological process words are formed by adding an affix to the end of
a root. The type of affix used in this process is referred to as suffix.
able/-ible:Admissible, acceptable, permissible, practicable -al Logical, rational, seasonal -an/-ian:
Musician, Indian, technician -ant/-ent Defendant, recipient, assistant
Fear + less → fearless.
2.1.2.. Back formation
'Back-Formation' is a word-formation process that eliminates the actual derivational affix from the
main form to create a new word.
However,Back-Formation is contrary to derivation in terms of forming new words.
Base Forms Back Formation
Insertion Insert
Donation Donate
Procession Process
Obsessive Obsess
Resurrection Resurrect
2.1.3. Conversion
In conversion, a word of one grammatical form converts into another grammatical form without
changing any spelling or pronunciation. For example, the term 'Google' is originated as a noun
before the verb.
Noun To Verb
Access -to access
Verb To Noun
To hope Hope
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'Compounding' is a word-formation process that allows words to combine to make a new word.
Compounding words can also be formed as two words joined with a hyphen.
Words Compounding Words
Class+room Classroom
Notebook
Note+book
Breakup
Break+up
Brother+in+la Brother in law
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Clipping is the process in which there is a subtraction of one or more syllables from a word.
'Clipping' reduces or shortens a word without changing the exact [Link] contrast to the back-
formation process, it reserves the original meaning.
Clipping is divided into four types
Clipping is the process in which there is a subtraction of one or more syllables from a word.
Words Clippings
Advertisement Ad
Photograph Photo
Telephone Phone
Influenza Flue
Cable telegram Cablegram
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Blending is the process in which two base words are combined, but it retains only a part of one or
both words. Two words are blended and we get a new word.
Words Blendings
Breakfast+lunch Brunch
Biographical+picture Biopic
Motor+hotel Motel
Spanish+English Spanglish
Telephone+marathon Telethon
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'Abbreviation' is another famous and widely used word-formation method used to shorten a word or
phrase.
Words/Phrases Abbreviation
Junior Jr.
Mister Mr.
Mistress Miss.
Doctor Dr.
Department Dept.
Bachelor of Arts B.A
Master of Arts M.A
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Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words or Acronym is the
process of word-formation in which words are created from the initial letters or some parts of the
words.
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'Borrowing' is another word-formation process in which a word from one language is borrowed
directly into another language.
Words Borrowed from
Algebra Arabic
Cherub Hebrew
Murder French
Italian
Pizza
Spanish
Tamale
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Based on findings and discussion, it can be concluded that there are some processes which
found in English new words which are affixation (accretor, autocyclic, assimilativeness, etc),
folk etymology (apastron, falcial, geophagia, etc), compounding (battleground, busgirl,
broadband, etc), abbreviation (CABG, H-R diagram, MRS, etc), acronyms (captcha, FLOP,
LARP, etc), borrowing (kinara, emoji, korona, etc), blending (dataveillance, femcee, gaysoc,
etc), clipping (dom, eff, fem, etc), and back-formation (gank). Moreover, the researcher found
the interesting findings, such as double word formation process in creating the new words,
such as folk etymology + compounding, compounding + affixation, blending + affixation, and
clipping + blending. Then, the most productive processin English new words is affixation
process. It means that affixation is the dominant process of creating English new words.
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Christos Pliatsikas, Linda Wheeldon, Aditi Lahiri, Peter C. Hansen. (2014).
Processing of zero-derived words in English: An fMRI investiogation.
Neuropsychologia, 47-53.
Dictionaries, O. (2012, April 26). Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved January 13, 2018,
from © 2018 Oxford University Press
A.J. Thomson, A.V. Martinent – A Practical English Grammar/ Edited by HAMID
Sarrafzadeh / Oxford University Press.
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