Axial Force Analysis in Assembly
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박천우Axial Force Analysis in Assembly
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Powered by AIThe value of Q necessary to achieve zero deflection at point A in the rod ABC, made of aluminum (E = 70 GPa), is calculated by establishing equilibrium and compatibility of deformations. Given the known force P = 4 kN, the deflection at A is zero when the total forces and subsequent deformations at each segment cancel out. Applying the principles of superposition and using the relation δ = PL/AE for each segment allows determination of Q's value such that the deflections due to P and Q result in zero net deflection at point A .
The determination of the diameter of the largest bit involves ensuring that the allowable load at the drilled hole exceeds that at the fillets. This requires analysis of stress concentrations due to the presence of a hole, where the stress is adjusted considering the effective net area after the hole is drilled. The maximum stress should not exceed the allowable stress of 145 MPa for the plate, factoring in stress concentration effects. Calculating the load carrying capacity, considering these stress limits, informs the maximum drill diameter to maintain structural integrity .
To determine the force P required to cause a 1 mm downward movement of the plug at A in the brass tube AB, the compatibility of deformations needs to be assessed. The deformation induced by the applied force P in the brass and aluminum components is calculated using δ = PL/AE, considering both the brass tube and the aluminum cylinder properties (E_brass = 105 GPa for brass and E_aluminum = 72 GPa for aluminum). The force P causes an axial deformation that together with the given setup results in a total displacement of 1 mm .
The compressive force in the bars after an 82℃ temperature rise is determined by the thermal expansion properties, where force calculations consider the restraint of the bars preventing free expansion. The formula σ = EαΔT can be applied, considering the modulus of elasticity and coefficient of thermal expansion of the material, to find stress and thus force. For the bronze bar, this compressive stress translates to a change in length calculated by δ = PL/AE. The calculations provide the internal force and resultant deformation of the bronze bar after the temperature increase .
The normal stress in the aluminum shell under an axial force of 200 kN applied via rigid end plates is calculated using the stress formula σ = P/A, where A is the cross-sectional area. The corresponding deformation is determined using Hooke's law δ = PL/AE, where P is the applied force, L is the length of the shell, A is the cross-sectional area, and E is the modulus of elasticity for aluminum. This calculation provides both the stress experienced in the aluminum shell and the deformation it undergoes under the applied load .
The smallest allowable dimensions 'a' and 'b' of the rubber blocks are determined based on the constraints of maximum allowable shearing stress (1.4 MPa) and minimum required deflection (5 mm). The shear stress given by τ = P/A and the deformation from shearing δ_shear = (PL)/(AG) must both meet specified limits. Using the modulus of rigidity G = 12 MPa for rubber, these formulas allow solving for the minimum dimensions of 'a' and 'b' so that stress does not exceed the limit while necessary deflection is achieved .
For the restrained rod consisting of portions AB (brass, E_b = 105 GPa, α_b = 20.9 x 10^-6/℃) and BC (aluminum, E_a = 72 GPa, α_a = 23.9 x 10^-6/℃), the temperature rise of 42℃ induces thermal stresses due to differential thermal expansion. The normal stress σ in each portion is calculated from the equation σ = EαΔT, using the respective values of E and α for brass and aluminum. Since the rod is restrained, these thermal expansions create compressive or tensile stresses in each segment, which can be calculated independently for AB and BC .
The corresponding allowable load P when using the maximum diameter bit is determined by examining the combination of the stress concentration effect and allowable stress in the plate. With the chosen bit diameter, the net cross-sectional area is reduced, affecting load capacity. The allowable load P is calculated by ensuring the stress at the hole due to this load does not exceed 145 MPa, thereby using P = σ_allowable * A_net, where A_net is the reduced effective area with the hole included. This approach ensures that the applied load is within allowable limits to prevent failure .
The deflection at point B due to a 42℃ temperature increase in a restrained rod with segments made of brass and aluminum is determined using the principle of thermal expansion and the linear thermal expansion equation δ = αΔTL. Each material's properties, including α (coefficient of thermal expansion) and E (modulus of elasticity), are different and must be applied separately to calculate individual segment expansions. The total deflection at point B is a result of the combined expansions or compressions in the brass and aluminum segments, accounting for the rod’s restraint .
The maximum load P that can be applied to the 4 mm-diameter cable BC is determined by two constraints: the maximum stress (σ_max = 190 MPa) and the maximum elongation (δ_max = 6 mm). Using the stress formula σ = P/A, where A is the cross-sectional area of the cable, and Hooke's law δ = PL/AE, where L is the original length and E is the modulus of elasticity, both conditions must be satisfied simultaneously. By examining these constraints together, the maximum load P is the lesser value obtained from these calculations .