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Final Revision
Part 1
Name: ………………………………………………... Class: ………………………

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 Covered Items – Grade 8 – English – Final Exam

Study from Successful Writing

- Describing Places
- Describing People
- News Reports
Reading - Autobiography
and Writing - Biography
- Problem-solution
- Opinion Essay (Persuasive)
- For and Against Essay (Argumentative)
- Informal, semi-formal and formal letters
- Letters of asking for/giving advice
- Letters of Complaint
- Assessment of Good and Bad Points Reports
- Articles Writing
- Narrative Techniques

Study from Copybook/Worksheets

- Author’s Purpose
- Points of View
- Plot Mountain
- Elements of Fiction

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 - Figures of Speech
- Show not Tell
- Summarizing and Paraphrasing
- Myths
- Legends
- Leaflets
- Realistic Fiction
- Adventure Story
- Non-chronological Report/Informational Texts
- Persuasive Techniques

- Present Simple
- Present Continuous
- Present Perfect
- Past Simple
Grammar , - Past Continuous
Punctuation - Past Perfect
&figurative - Passive and Active Voices
Language
- Types of Sentences
- Types of Conjunctions
- Punctuation (End punctuation, semi-colons, colons, commas,
hyphens, dashes, capitalization)
- Dashes and ellipsis
Present Perfect
- Conditionals – Zero, 1st, 2nd and 3rd
- Reported Speech (Direct and Indirect Speech)
- Future Simple (Will Vs. Going to)
- Relative Clauses
- Adverbs, Adverbials and Fronted Adverbials

*Figurative language:
similes, metaphors, personification ,hyperbole, pathetic fallacy,
idioms, alliteration, sibilance, euphemism, oxymoron and
assonance, anthropomorphism, imagery

- identify poetic devices: rhyme, rhythm, enjambment.

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 Present Forms
Directions: Use the prompts to write correct sentences using Simple and Progressive Tenses

1. (He/wear/a hat/often) ................................................................................,

but .......................................................................... (he/not/wear/a hat) today.
2. (We/have/breakfast/now) .................................................................. although
(we/not/have/breakfast/normally) ....................................................................at this time.
3. (While/Grace/clean/the house) ........................................................................, (her kids/play/in the
garden).........................................................................
4. I must hurry to the bus stop because (I/meet/Jack) ........................................................................ in an hour
and (the bus/leave) ........................................................................ in ten minutes.
5. Listen! (you/hear/that noise)..................................................................?

Directions: Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or Progressive
The Smiths ...............................(go) on holiday. They usually ............................... (go) on holiday by
train. They ....................................... (take) a taxi to the station, ..................................... (check) the timetable
and (get on) the train.

At the moment, they ....................................... (stand) in front of the timetable. The

train .................................... (depart) at 15:12 and ..................................... (arrive) in Brighton at 16:45.

At 6 pm, the Smiths ....................................... (meet) Ben’s aunt in Brighton. She ....................................
(study) law in a London, but she .................................... (work) as a waitress in Brighton during the summer
holiday.

Directions: Put the verb between brackets in the Present Perfect Tense
1. Someone ....................................... (eat) my apple.
2. Oh no! I .................................. (break) a window.
3. My sister .................................. (start) a new job recently.
4. You .................................. (not leave) your homework on the bus. Here it is.
5. I .................................. (write) my English essay.

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Directions: Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets
I am going to the club. (every day)
...................................................................................................................
Kate hasn’t played basketball since 2013. (for)
...................................................................................................................
He watches TV every night. (at the moment)
...................................................................................................................
I haven’t seen him for three years. (ago)
...................................................................................................................
The plane is departing now. (at 6 o’clock)
...................................................................................................................
Directions: Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences
1- Water is turning into ice when we freeze it.
...................................................................................................................
2- They have visited to London five days ago.
...................................................................................................................
3- Sarah meets her friends on Sunday.
....................................................................................................................
4- The bus is leaving at 10 o’clock.
...................................................................................................................
5- I have done my homework already.
...................................................................................................................

Past Forms
Directions: Put the verbs into the correct tenses (Simple Past or Past Progressive).

1. While I .................................. (do) the washing-up, I .................................. (break) a plate.

2. While Tom ............................. (play) the piano, his mother.............................. (do) the washing-up.
3. He (drink) .................................. some juice and then he .................................. (eat) a few chips.
4. I .................................. (have) dinner when I suddenly .................................. (hear) a loud bang.
5. When my father .................................. (work) in the garden, an old friend .................................. (pass)
by to see him.
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II- Directions: Put the verbs between brackets in PAST Simple or PAST PERFECT Tense

1. We had already eaten when John .................................. (come) home.

2. Last year Juan .................................. (pass) all his exams.
3. When I .................................. (get) to the airport I discovered I had forgotten my passport.
4. I went to the library, then I .................................. (buy) some milk and went home.
5. I opened my handbag to find that I .................................. (forget) my credit card.

Directions: Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses (Past Simple,
Past Continuous or Past Perfect)
It was Sunday afternoon. I .................................. (watch) a cookery program on TV when
I .................................. (realize) how hungry I was. But of course, I was hungry; I .................................. (eat)
anything since lunch, and I .................................. (run) a race in the morning. “Biscuits!” I ..............................
(think). My mother................................. (give) me a jar of delicious home-made biscuits.
I .................................. (go) into the kitchen, .................................. (open) the fridge
and .................................. (pour) some milk in a big glass. Then I
.................................. (look) for the kitchen chair but it .................................. (not be) there:
somebody .................................. (take) it away. And there were no biscuits in the biscuit jar:
somebody .................................. (eat) them all! I was sure I .................................. (put) the jar there the
previous day, and I .................................. (eat) only one cookie. It was very strange.
Directions: Choose the correct answer:
1- When I was a child I ................ like peanuts.
a) didn’t use to b) wouldn’t c) both are correct

2- In the morning he ................ sit on the front porch and read.

a) used to b) would c) both are correct

3- Which sentence is NOT correct?

a) I would go shopping with her every Friday.
b) I would have very blond hair.
c) She would call me after class to chat.

4- I ................ wear glasses when I was at university.

a) didn’t use to b) wouldn’t c) both are correct

5- When the weather was bad, I ................ stay home and read comic books.
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 a) used to b) would c) both are correct
Directions: Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets:-
1- I put on ten kilos and them then I decided to go on a diet. (before)
...................................................................................................................................

2- Nobody informed Sam about the test. That’s why he didn’t study. (because)
.................................................................................................................................

3- I was trying to call David and at the same time he was trying to call me.
(While)
...............................................................................................................................
4- First, they washed the car and then they waxed it. (after)
.................................................................................................................................

5- Paul’s father was fishing in the lake. (often)

.................................................................................................................................

Directions: Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences:

1- Jack was losing his wallet last week.
.................................................................................................................................

2- I was reading a book when the doorbell was ringing.

.................................................................................................................................

3- When we arrived, the conference starts.

.................................................................................................................................

4- Tom’s father use to be an actor when he was young.

.................................................................................................................................

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Complete the following text with the verbs in the correct tense

(Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect)

The Expedition

‘When Professor Sutcliffe, the famous archaeologist, …………………….. (invite) me to take part in his expedition
to find a lost city in South America, I ………………………. (not hesitate) to accept his invitation. Sutcliffe
…………………… (discover) an ancient map showing the exact position of the city. In fact, most of Sutcliffe’s
colleagues in Cambridge either ………………….. (believe) that such city ………………………………. (never exist) or
………………. (feel) that it ……………………. (vanish) a long time ago and …………………….. (become) simply a legend.
According to the Professor, the builders of the city ……………………… (hide) it among the mountains in order to
protect its immense riches, which ……………….. (consist) mainly of gold and precious stones. He ……………………..
(believe) that the modern inhabitants ……………………… (still keep) themselves apart from the rest of mankind
for the very same reason. So when we ………………….. (set off) on a cool April morning towards the unknown,
each of us …………………….……… (look forward) to exciting discoveries. For a week we ………………………… (climb)
higher and higher, following the map, which Sutcliffe ……………………….. (study) from time to time. Then one
morning, while we ………………………. (rest) near a valley, we ……………………….. (notice) that a man on a horse
…………………….. (wave) at us from the other side of the valley. A rider whose clothes ………………………. (shine)
like gold!’

Future Forms
Directions: Put the verb between brackets in the correct form (Will or Be Going To):
1. Doris is always late. I'm sure she ............................... (be) late tomorrow, too.
2. A: Would you like tea or coffee?
B: ...................................... (have) coffee.
3. Watch out! You ..................................... (hurt) yourself.
4. The friends ................................. (stay in) tonight. They are grounded.
5. It's starting to rain. I ....................................... (put up) the umbrella.

Directions: Put the verbs into the correct form (Will or Be Going To)
Martha: What a horrible weather today. I'd love to go out, but I think it
.......................................... (1) (continue) raining.

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Jane: Oh, I don't know. Maybe the sun ......................................(2) (come out) later this afternoon.
Martha: I hope you're right. Listen, I .......................................... (3) (have) a party this Saturday. Would you like
to come?

Jane: Oh, I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Who
.......................................... (4) (come) to the party?

Martha: Well, some people haven't told me yet. But, Peter and Mark
.......................................... (5) (help) out with the cooking!

Jane: Hey, I.......................................... (6) (help), too!

Directions: Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets:
1- They are going to build a block of flats here next year. (I believe)
...............................................................................................................................
2- They planned to travel to London next month. (be)
.................................................................................................................................
3- He promised not to lie to me again. (I promise)
.................................................................................................................................
4- The sky is cloudy. I guess it might rain. (be)
...................................................................................................................................

Directions: Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences:

1- I promise I am not going to that again.
...................................................................................................................................
2- Those boys are too close to that cliff! They will fall of the edge.
.................................................................................................................................
3- We forgot to tidy up the room but we are going to clean it this afternoon.
.................................................................................................................................
4- We decided that we are going to the cinema.
.................................................................................................................................

All Tenses
Directions: Choose the correct answer:
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1- They (had been – were – have been – are) in Chicago for 20 years.
2- I (had seen – saw – see – have seen) a wonderful film last night.
3- The sun (was shining – shines – had shined – will shine) when we reached Mount Everest.
4- Unfortunately, just as we got to the airport their plane (was taking – took – takes – has taken) off.
5- They (went – had gone – go – were going) to the movies once a month.
6- I was tired yesterday because I (didn't sleep – hadn't slept – don't sleep – wasn't sleeping) well the day
before.
7- Shh! someone (is listening – listens – listened – has listened) to our conversation now!
8- When I left the house this morning, it (rained – had rained – was already raining – rains)
9- I think Bob (left – has left – is leaving – left) for London at this very moment.
10- I (doesn't get up – get up – didn't get up – gets up) at 7 every morning, but this morning I (slept – sleep –
has slept) long and I (don't get up – didn't get up – hasn't got up) until 8.
11- I (don't wear – hadn't worn – am not wearing – didn't wear) my watch because it's being fixed.
12- Everyone (was sleeping – had slept – slept) when then earthquake hit the small town.
13- I was angry that I (had done – had made – did – made) such a stupid mistake.
14- He (quitted – had quit – quit) his job a couple of years ago.
15- Out daughter (had not graduated – has not graduated – didn't graduate) from the university yet.
16- They (hadn't sent – haven't sent – didn't send – didn't sent) any Christmas cards last year.
17- She (went – goes – has gone – had gone) to a doctor once a year for an examination.
18- They (had talked – talked – were talking) about me when I interrupted their conversation.
19- Nothing much (was happening – were happening – happened) when I got to the meeting.
20- Unfortunately, our team (hadn't won – didn't win – wasn't winning) any games last year.

Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets:
Two years ago Trisha's firm ...................................... (make) the mistake of
sending her to Germany. Although she (study) ...................................... German at school, she
soon ...................................... (discover) that she (cannot) remember very much. She ......................................
(miss) an important meeting because she ...................................... (forget) that "halb nEUN" in German
...................................... (mean) half past eight in English. So while she...................................... (have) breakfast
her colleagues ............................... (be) already at the meeting. When she arrived "on time”, the
meeting ...................................... (already finish).
When she got back to England, Trisha ...................................... (join) a German course at her local
college. While she ...................................... (drive) to work every day she ...................................... (listen) to
language CDs. In the past few weeks her German ...................................... (improve) a lot and now
she ...................................... (know) how to tell the time ! Right now she ...................................... (study) hard
for an examination.
Next year Trisha ...................................... (plan) to spend her summer holiday in a language school near
Munich. After that, she hopes that her company ............................... (send) her to Germany again.

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Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses:
Lars: Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

Tony: We (wait) ..................... for the new Stars Wars movie. In fact, we have been waiting here for more than
five hours.

Lars: Five hours? When did you arrive?

Tony: We (get) ..................... here at 6:00 o'clock this morning. More than forty
people (stand, already) ........................................ here waiting for tickets when we arrived.
Lars: I can't believe that! Are you serious?

Tony: Yeah, people (take) ..................... Star Wars movies seriously. In fact, this particular showing has been
sold out for over a week. We (wait, just) ........................................ in line to get a good seat in the theater.

Lars: When did you buy your tickets?

Tony: I (buy) ..................... them last week by phone. I (know) ..................... tickets would be hard to get
because I (see) ..................... some news interviews with a group of people standing in line to get tickets. They
had been waiting in line for almost a month to buy tickets for the first showing.

Lars: I don't believe that!

Tony: It's true. They (camp) ..................... out in front of Mann's Chinese Theater
in Los Angeles for about a month because they (want) ..................... to be the first people to see the movie.

Directions: Choose the correct answer:

1. A: What ................ ?
B: He's an engineer.
a) is your father doing
b) does your father do
c) does your father doing

2. He................... an iPhone, an iPad and a computer. He's so lucky!

a) is having
b) have

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 c) has
3. John ............................... his homework.
a) Just started
b) has just started
c) have just start
4. Why ................... sunglasses? It's cloudy today.
a) are you wearing
b) do you wearing
c) are you wear
5. Have you ever (sing) in a concert, Jack?
a) sung
b) has sung
c) have sung
6. Bill ................... really hard at the moment because his company has just received a big order from China.
a) works
b) is working
c) has worked
7. The cat ............................ Mother’s vase.
a) break
b) has broken
c) broke
8. It ............. a lot in La Spezia in winter.
a) rains
b) rain
c) is raining
9. A: Where's John?
B: He's in the bathroom. He ............... a shower.
a) is having
b) is making
c) has had
10. I’ve never ........................... in a helicopter before.
a) have flown
b) flown
c) has fly

Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Progressive or the Present Simple:
I .................................... (stay) in England for a few weeks. You see, I

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......................... (be) a businessman and I ............................. (want) to improve my English. I ..............................
(attend) a special course in business English at the moment, The course ........................ (last) three weeks

Directions: Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Progressive or the Past Simple:
Angela said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students .................................. (sleep,
actually) in class. Some of the students .................................. (talk) about their plans for the weekend and the
student next to her .................................. (draw) a picture of a horse. When Angela ............................ (tell) me
she was not satisfied with the class, I .............................. (mention) that my biology professor was quite good
and .................................. (suggest) that she switches to my class.

Directions: Complete the sentences using will-future or going-to-future!

1. I think in 50 years, cars .................................. (run) on sunlight.
2. What do you need that bucket of water for? I .................................. (wash) the car.
3. Jill .................................. (come) to the youth club tomorrow. She has promised to give us some tips.
4. Do you expect that he .................................. (visit) us during his stay?
5. What do you think you .................................. (do) next year at this time?
6. Have you bought some milk?
- Oh no! I completely forgot. I ............................. (go) now and buy it.
7. Have you made up your mind about next year´s holidays?
- Yes, I .......................................... (go) to my uncle´s place in California.
8. .................................. (ask, you) her for a second chance?

Directions: Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets:
1. John never stops criticising my friends. (always)
...................................................................................................................................
2. Julie said that her tooth was aching, so her father took her to the dentist’s. (had)
.................................................................................................................................

3. I am considering visiting my cousins in Canada next summer. (thinking)

...................................................................................................................................
4. What time is your plan scheduled to arrive at London? (land)
.................................................................................................................................
5. I put on ten kilos and then I decided to go on diet. (by the time)
.................................................................................................................................
6. Lucy is swimming in the pool. She started swimming half an hour ago. (for)
.................................................................................................................................

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7. Dave has had this computer for three weeks. (ago)
.................................................................................................................................
8. I started training five months ago. Now, it’s August. (since)
................................................................................................................................
9. Paul’s likes eating pasta more than any other game. (favourite)
...................................................................................................................................
Fill in the correct form of the verb
1. My family have ___________________ (buy) some land in southern France recently. They
___________________ (build) a summer house there at the moment.
2. Andy and Mary ___________________ (go) to a concert tomorrow night. They
____________________________ (look forward to) it the whole week.
3. Jonathon ___________________ (watch) the news on TV every day and it ___________________ (help)
him with his English.
4. My car ___________________ (break) down when I ___________________ (drive) home from work. I
________________________ (fix) it if I ___________________ (know) what was wrong. But I didn’t so
___________________ (have) to take it to the garage.
5. When he ___________________ (found) Microsoft, Bill Gates was only 20 years old. He
___________________________ (already write) his first computer programme six years earlier.
6. An accident ___________________ (happen) near my house last night. A car _______________ (hit) a
young man. He ___________________ (ride) his bike when someone in front of him suddenly
___________________ (open) a car door. Many people ___________________ (see) the accident. The police
___________________ (interrogate) them last night.
7. Mrs Smith said that one day she ________________________ (retire) from teaching. She said that she
___________________ (spend) her new free time learning about computers.
8. I ______________________ (not sleep) at all last night. Someone ___________________ (listen) to music
all night.
9. I ___________________ (see) a film a week ago, but I _______________________ (not enjoy) it very much
because I _______________________ (already read) the book. If I ___________________ (not read) the book
I ____________________________ (probably enjoy) the film more.
10. The judge sentenced the man to eight years in prison because he ___________________ (rob) a bank.
11. They ________________________ (stand) in the queue for over an hour when the manager
___________________ (tell) them that there were no more tickets.
12. Alan ___________________ (be) in the car accident yesterday. The other driver ___________________
(lose) control of his car because he ___________________ (fall) asleep.
13. She ___________________ (not see) her father since he ___________________ (start) to work in
Marseille two years ago.
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14. I ___________________ (sleep) when the fire broke out.
15. Linda phoned and explained that she _________________________ (not can) to come to the party the
next day because she ___________________ (be) still sick.
16. I ________________________ (just see) the film “The Da Vinci Code”. – ___________________ (you see)
it too? – No, I ___________________ (not have) but I ___________________ (read) the book.
17. My sister ___________________ (fly) home from London today. Her flight ___________________ (arrive)
in an hour so I ___________________ (leave) for the airport right now to get there in time.
18. Unless he ___________________ (sell) more he won’t get much money.
19. While he ___________________ (wait) for the bus there ___________________ (be) a robbery at the
bank. After the robbers ___________________ (go) away the police ___________________ (come) but they
___________________ (not can) to catch them.
20. I ___________________ (use) to ski when I was at the university but I ___________________ (break) a leg
five years ago and since then I ___________________ (not ski) any more.

Write sentences from the words in the given tense!

1. We – can- climb – mountain (past simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
2. What – you – think –of England? (present simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
3. We – learn – the whole night. (past perfect progressive)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
4. I – go – doctor (conditional 1)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
5. We – not be – there (conditional 2)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..………………………….
6. We – walk down – street (past progressive)
………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
7. He – ever – visit – grandmother? (present perfect simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
8. We – never- read – books (present simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
9. Jane – not able to – walk – after the accident (past simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..

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10. She – wait – for an hour (present perfect progressive)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
11. He – be – an interesting man (past simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
12. I – come – at 7 (going-to future)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
13. We – discuss- the topic – for hours (present perfect progressive)
………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
14. She – get – up – now? (present progressive)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
15. We – just finish – our homework (present perfect simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
16. They – play – baseball – whole day (present perfect progressive)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
17. He – often – shop –at Harrods (present simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
18. He said – Mum – already – go – out (past perfect simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
19. I – find – this cap – this morning (present perfect simple)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
20. John and Sheila – marry – on Wednesday (present progressive)
…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..…………………………..
Complete the IF-sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. If I had to make a speech I________________________________ pretty nervous. (BE)
2. If I ________________________________ you were sleeping I would not have woken you. (KNOW)
3. If the weather ____________________________________fine tomorrow we will be able to go to the
beach (BE).
4. You dog ___________________________________ so fat if you didn't feed it so often (NOT BE).
5. If her hair were black she ___________________________________ completely different (LOOK).
6. They ___________________________________ to the meeting if they had been informed about it. (NOT
COME)
7. If the trip hadn't been so expensive we _____________________________________ reservations for a
better hotel (MAKE).
8. If they ________________________________________ him for permission he would have agreed (ASK).
9. I'll ___________________ you the money if you pay me back next week. (GIVE)
10. The workers ______________________________ the road if they had had enough tools (BUILD).
11. If it _____________________________________ yesterday we would have gone on a picnic (NOT RAIN).

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12. If they locked the door properly nobody ______________________________________ into their house
(BREAK).
13. If he __________________________________ much time he would go to the university (NOT WASTE).
14. If I found a wallet on the street I ____________________________it to the owner (RETURN).
15. If I __________________________________offered a loan I would accept it. (BE)
16. If you ask the policeman, he _____________________________you how to get to the station (TELL).
17. You _____________________________________healthier if you ate less junk food. (BE)
18. The police _________________________________into the warehouse, if there hadn't been any gunshots.
(NOT BREAK)
19. If I _____________________________ $1,000 I could afford to repair my house (HAVE)
20. If the movie ___________________________ more than 3 hours I won't be able to sit through it. (LAST)

Combine the following simple sentences to form a complex sentence

1. Bailey will go skiing this year at Christmas. Her family has rented a cabin.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Being involved in school activities is important. It gives students a sense of belonging.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Jonathan has decided to try out for the school basketball team. Basketball is his favorite sport.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Garrett will clean the fish he caught today. We can eat them for dinner tonight.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Gigi will go to the mall. She has finished all her chores.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the sentences using the coordinating conjunctions “and, but, or, for, nor, so”
1. He was very tired after a long working day, ___________________ he washed all the dishes in the kitchen.
2. Miriam bought apples, oranges, carrots, lemons ___________________ potatoes from the market in the
city center.
3. Mr. Robertson should stop smoking cigarettes immediately ___________________ he will get seriously ill.
4. I forgot to take my umbrella with me ___________________ I got soaked under the heavy rain yesterday
morning.
5. Benjamin could get the job easily ___________________ he was the only applicant for that position in the
company.
6. He got up very late. He could neither have something to eat ___________________ have something to
drink.
35
7. My mother vacuumed the floor ___________________ I dusted the furniture last weekend.
8. Our maths teacher gave her a punishment ___________________ she was late for class for the third time
this week.
9. I didn't have enough money to buy the laptop I liked ___________________ I borrowed some money from
my friend.
10. Samuel really wanted to go to the pop concert ___________________ he had to study for the French
exam.
11. Either you finish the English project on time ___________________ the teacher will give you a bad mark.
12. James neither knew her telephone number ___________________ her home adress. He couldn't reach
her.
13. [Link] had enough money to buy a new car ___________________ she couldn't decide which
one to choose.
14. The students decided not to go out in the break ___________________ it was snowing heavily.
15. The thief went into the house from the kitchen window ___________________ got the mobile phone on
the table.
16. Most shampoos include chemicals in them ___________________ I prefer using natural olive oil soap for
my hair.
17. Stop drinking too much coke and eating a lot of fast food _____________________ ___ you gain too much
weight soon.
18. There were some injured players in our football team ___________________ we could win the match
easily.
19. Abigail neither took a shower ___________________ she brushed her teeth this morning since she was
very tired.
20. Benjamin fell asleep in a few minutes ___________________ the book he started reading was quite
boring.
21. People in this small town neither have traffic problems ___________________ they have environmental
problems.
22. Freddie didn't have enough eggs and sugar for the cake ___________________ he went to the
supermarket.
23. People should stop cutting down the trees ___________________ we will suffer a lot from air pollution.

Passive Voice
Change these sentences from active to passive

36
[Link] speak Portuguese in Brazil.

_______________________________________________________________
2. The Government is planning a new road near my house.
_______________________________________________________________
3. My grandfather built this house in 1943.
_______________________________________________________________
4. Picasso was painting Guernica at that time.
_______________________________________________________________
5. The cleaner has cleaned the office.
_______________________________________________________________
6. He had written three books before 1867.
_______________________________________________________________
7. John will tell you later.
_______________________________________________________________
8. By this time tomorrow we will have signed the deal.
_______________________________________________________________
9. Somebody should do the work.
_______________________________________________________________
10. The traffic might have delayed Jimmy.
_______________________________________________________________
11. Everybody loves Mr Brown.
_______________________________________________________________
12. They are building a new stadium near the station.
_______________________________________________________________
13. The wolf ate the princess.
_______________________________________________________________
14. At six o’clock someone was telling a story.
_______________________________________________________________
15. Somebody has drunk all the milk!
_______________________________________________________________
16. I had cleaned all the windows before the storm.
_______________________________________________________________
17. A workman will repair the computer tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________________

37
18. By next year the students will have studied the passive.
_______________________________________________________________
19. James might cook dinner.
_______________________________________________________________
20. Somebody must have taken my wallet.
_______________________________________________________________

The Passive: Verbs with Two Objects

1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________
2. I lent a pencil to Graham.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

3. Fiona told the truth to Julian.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

4. They offered the job to Simon.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

5. The boss showed the new computer to Anna.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

38
6. Julie taught the grammar to the students.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

7. I sent the email to John.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

8. Lucy threw the ball to the child.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

9. Sophia sold the car to a doctor.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

Convert the sentences from active into passive voice:

1) The boys walk the dog every day.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) Sue asked the waiter to bring some water.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3) An expert has valued the painting.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4) The secretary opens the mail every morning.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5) A gardener is watering the flowers.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

39
 6) Jimmy walks the dogs every day.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7) Heavy rain had caused the flood.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8) Police officers were examining the evidence.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9) A spokesman gave an interview to the reporters.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10) A guide will take you to your seat.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11) We are going to announce the results on Friday.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12) The new manager has made some changes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13) The students are making arrangements for the party.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14) They clean the windows every week.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15) They had invited him to the cinema.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Change the sentences into reported speech, using the correct tense!

1) He said, "I won't have enough time to finish the job."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) She asked me, "Could you help me with my luggage?"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3) They asked us, "Are you going anywhere at the weekend?"

40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4) She told him, "Don't worry!"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5) They asked us, "What time does the party start?"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6) She said, "I can get home on my own."
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7) They said, "We haven't been to the art gallery for a long time."
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8) He said, "I'll think about it."
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9) She said, "I should have phoned my mother"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10) He asked me, "Do you understand the rules of the game?"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11) She asked him, "Will I see you again?"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12) She told him, "Wait until I get back.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13) ‘I visited my parents last week’
He --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14) ‘Don’t do it!’
She told me --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15) ‘Could you explain number four again, please?’
He asked Mrs. Mary --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16) ‘Where have you been?’
I asked her --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17) ‘I’ll come and help you at twelve o’clock’
She told Tom --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

41
 18) ‘Have you ever seen ‘The Lord of the rings?’
She asked them --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19) ‘Wait here until I come back!’
He told his daughter --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20) ‘I’m not leaving tomorrow’
I said --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21) ‘Who is the Prime minister of Canada?’
They --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22) ‘She hasn’t eaten sushi before’
They --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rewrite the following sentences into the Reported Speech.

1. “I live in a small house near the sea”, she said to me.

She said to me --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. “I will meet you outside the cinema”, Tom said to Mary.

Tom said to Mary -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. “Did you have a nice time at the party?”, she asked me.

She asked me --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. “Don’t make so much noise!” the teacher told the students.

The teacher told the students-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. “I have already done my homework.” Sarah said.

Sarah said --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. “I went to the zoo last week”, Zack said.

Zack said --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. “I was at home at 9 o’ clock yesterday”, Pat said to her friend.

42
 Pat said to her friend ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. “We can’t find our bags”, they told us.

They told us --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. “Where is the nearest bus station?”, the old woman asked me.

The old woman asked me ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. “Open the window quickly!”, mum told me.

Mum told me --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. “We will come tomorrow”, our friends told us.

Our friends told us ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12. “I am doing the washing up now”, mum said.

Mum said --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13. “Can you lend me some money?”, my friend asked me.

My friend asked me --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14. “I bought my car last week”, Aunt Helen said to us.

Aunt Helen said to us ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15. “Don’t go to that old house alone”, Our neighbour warned us.

Our neighbour warned us ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16. “You should stay in bed all day”, the doctor advised me.

The doctor advised me ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

17. “It is colder today than yesterday”, Dad said.

Dad said --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18. “I read a book every week”, she said to me.

She said to me --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

19. “Do you speak any foreign languages?” he asked me.

43
 He asked me --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20. “Have you ever seen a ghost?” the boy asked the girl.

The boy asked the girl -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONDITIONAL
WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS ACCORDING TO THE CONDITIONAL TYPE REQUIRED

1- I work ten hours a day. If I (have) _________________________ more free time, I (practise)
____________________ some sport.
2.- Jane’s always late for school. If she (be) ___________________ punctual, the teacher (not punish)
___________________ her almost every day.
3.- She’ll probably go to the Old Students’ Party. If she (go) _________________________, she (meet)
_________________________ her old school mates.
4.- You should carry an umbrella. You (get) _________________________ wet if you (not carry)
_____________________ one.
5.- Did you say Susan is moving to Australia? She (miss) _________________________ her London friends if
she (leave) ________________
6.- We didn’t pay the phone bill. If we (pay) ___________________ it, they (not cut) _____________________
the line off.
7.- You’re eating too much. You (have) _____________________ an indigestion if you (eat) _______________
like that.
8.- He always stays at home. If he (go) _________________________ out more often, he (have)
_______________ a better social life.
9.- She’s saving money. If she (save) ___________________ enough, she (buy) ________________ a new car.
10.- I live far away from my school. If I (live) ______________________ nearer, I (not go)
_____________________ by bus.
11.- Mary’s at Peter’s party. If you (go) _________________________ there, you (see)
_____________________ her.
12.- Don’t worry. My dog is very sociable. It (not bite) _____________________ you if you (come)
__________________ into my house.

44
13.- His car broke down in the middle of the highway. If he (take) ____________________ it to the garage
before the journey, it (not break) _____________________ down.
14.- He does nothing but work all the time. He (feel) ____________________ better if he (go)
_________________ out from time to time.
15.- She left the front door open. If she (close) _______________________ it, the dog (not run)
____________________ away.
17.- I’m sorry I shouted at my friend. He (not get) ________________________ angry with me if I (not be)
___________________ so rude.

17.- He knows very few people in this town. He (not stay) ____________________________ at home most of
the time watching TV if he (have) ___________________________________ someone to go out with.
18.- I can’t cook at all. If I (can) ________________________ cook, I (invite) ____________________________
my friends for dinner at home.
19.- You see Tom at work every day, don’t you? If you (see) ____________________ him tomorrow, (tell)
______________________ him what has happened.
20.- That dress is so beautiful! You (look) ___________________ gorgeous at the reception if you (wear)
______________ it.
21.- Mary wants to be healthy. She (not smoke) __________________________ so much if she (worry)
_________________ so much about her health as she says.

Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1) If I have time, I ___________________ (fly) to Berlin.

2) He ___________________ (come) to the party if you invite him?
3) If you don’t get there before seven, they ___________________ (eat) everything.
4) I would stay home if it___________________ (rain).
5) If I had such a bad watch, I___________________ (throw) it away.
6) What you ___________________ (do) if you didn’t know the truth?
7) Ali would have passed his exams if he ___________________ (work) hard
8) If you go to London, you ___________________ (have) a lot of practice in speaking English.
9) She will miss her husband if he ___________________ (die).
10) If he does anything wrong, he ___________________ (lose) his reputation.

45
11) If John had come, he ___________________ (help) us.
12) If I asked him for some money, he ___________________ (agree)?
13) We ___________________ (go) for a walk if it was/were fine and if it was/were not too windy.
14) If they had started earlier, they ___________________ (finish) on time.
15) If I ___________________ (be) you, I would tell him the truth.
16) If you ___________________ (not go), she won’t speak to you again.
17) You ___________________ (vote) for me if I stand for president?
18) If I didn’t eat too much cake, I ___________________ (not be) so fat.
19) You ___________________ (come) to the party if I invited you?
20) If I ___________________ (win) 500,000 dollars, I’d take a long holiday.
21) I wouldn’t buy that house if I ___________________ (be) you.
22) You ___________________ (leave) earlier if you’d known that he was coming?
23) If I hadn’t eaten so much, I ___________________ (not have) a stomach ache.
24) If he had read the book, he ___________________ (understand) the story.
25) What you ___________________ (do) if you were a president?
26) You ___________________ (tell) her the truth if she asked you that day?
27) If you ___________________ (be) there on time, you would see him.
28) If you didn’t pay him, he ___________________ (not give) it to you.
29) You ___________________ (succeed) if you try harder.
30) If he does it, he ___________________ (be) punished.
31) If you lost your wallet, what you ___________________ (do)?
32) If I ___________________ (be) you, I would go to pay him a visit.
33) If I’ve time, I ___________________ (call) for you tonight.
34) If you took a trip to Europe, which countries you ___________________ (visit)?
35) If they’d asked him, he ___________________ (answer) them immediately.
36) If you went to the party, you ___________________ (see) him.
37) If you ___________________ (not go), I’ll call the police.

Relative Clauses
Put who(m), which, what, whose or nothing in each space as necessary.
46
a) He didn´t know ___________ had paid him, ____________was strange.
b) Someone ___________ had been there before told us the way.
c)____________ I ought to do, is find out _________ gloves they are.
d) Peter, _________ car had broken down, met a man __________ managed to fix it.
e) The drawer in _________ he found the gun was the one __________ I had searched.
f) Those __________ come late must stay to do the work __________ they have missed.
g) The dog ___________ I bought was the one ___________ you saw the day you arrived.
h) That is the boy _________ mother knows the man __________ repaired our fridge.
i) He is the one __________ asked me __________ I gave the money to.
j) The snow, __________ had been falling all day, was _____ gave us trouble.

Join each group of sentences using the words given in brackets and beginning as shown
1 A man brought the letter. He left it on the table. (who)
The man _____________________
2 I have a friend. Her six children sing in a choir. (whose)
I have _______________________
3 I sold my car to a man. You spoke to him. (whom)
The man _____________________
4 The cup was on the table. It had tea in it. (which)
The cup ______________________
5 I bought a painting. I sold it to a friend. He liked it. (who)
I sold the _____________________
6 I went on holiday. I went with a friend. He has fallen ill. (whom)
The friend ____________________
In the following sentences, insert commas if there is a non-defining relative clause. Cross out the pronoun if
possible in the defining relative clauses.
The thing that I most regret is not going to university.
[Link] two daughters who are 16 and 13 are both interested in dancing.
b. The town where I was born has changed dramatically.
c.I didn´t like the clothes which were in the sale.
d. Salt that comes from the sea is considered to be the best for cooking.
[Link] whose qualities have been known since prehistoric times is used to season and preserve food.
f. The CD that I bought yesterday doesn´t work.
g. You know the book that you paid £20 for? I just got it for £5.
h. The area of England where I´d most like to live is Devon, in the West Country.
i. Devon where my mother´s family come from is famous for its lovely countryside and dramatic coastline.

Fill the gaps with a relative pronoun when needed.

a) The lady __________ is sitting in the wheelchair is my grandmother.

b) I know an Italian restaurant __________ serves excellent home-made pasta.
47
c) I know an Italian restaurant __________ you can always get a table.
d) Uncle Tom earns a fortune, __________ is why I´ve asked him to lend me £1,000.
e) Sean is a child __________ people immediately like.
f) My daughter, ___________ ambition is to emigrate to Australia, has finally got her visa.
g) I gave him a drink of water, ___________ he drank thirstily.
h) The flight ____________ we wanted to get was fully booked.
i) My Auntie´s house is the place ___________ I feel most at home.
j) This is the smallest car ___________ has ever been made.
k) That´s the man _____________ wife left him because he kept his pet snake in their bedroom.

Join each group of sentences using the words given in brackets and beginning as shown
1. This is the CD. I bought it for Jane.
This is …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Jenny’s brother looks like her. He’s about her same age.
Jenny’s brother………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Grand Avenue was the best place to buy clothes. I used to go shopping there.
Grand Avenue, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. I’ll call the students. I went to London with them last year.
I’ll call ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Tim’s shoes don’t match his jacket. They’re brown.
Tim’s shoes, ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. My friend Claudia used to be a top model. She was extremely thin.
My friend Claudia, …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. In 1999 I was working in Dublin. I met Sally there.
I met…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Nail-biting is a bad habit. You should really try to stop it.
Nail-biting………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Eileen is a wonderful person. Her husband is very unfriendly.
Eileen, …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Pete may bring us something. We want it.
Pete ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. “Rolling Stone “ is the magazine. We told them about it yesterday.
“Rolling Stone” is the …………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. The girl he was looking at was really pretty.
The girl at which………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. The company she was working for was one of the biggest in the country.
The company for…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Paul’s brother won the first prize in the contest.
Paul has……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. We spend our holidays in this village every summer.
This ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. Tom became a vegetarian. That made him happier.
48
 Tom became a …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. She was hooked on gambling, making her lose a lot of money.
She was hooked…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Author’s Purpose
Directions: Read the descriptions of each item and determine the author’s purpose
1. A pamphlet urging people not to eat animals or use products made from animals or animal suffering
because the author thinks that is cruel and unnecessary
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
2. A book of over 1,000 knock-knock jokes
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
3. A cook book containing recipes for making cakes, cookies, and other desserts
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
4. The story of a young woman who, after the death of her grandfather, quit her job in the business world and
returned home to help her aging grandmother
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
5. A politician’s speech about how homes should be provided to families who cannot afford them
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
6. A poem about a “packrat,” a person who refuses to throw things away, even things that most people would
consider garbage
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
7. An article comparing and contrasting American and Swedish health care systems
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
8. The Shakespearean tragedy Romeo and Juliet, where two young lovers are forbidden from seeing one
another due to a centuries old blood feud between their two families
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
9. A young girl’s note to her parents giving reasons why they should buy a puppy

49
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________
10. A website describing a local dog leash ordinance, detailing its history and the penalties for walking around
with one’s dog unleashed
Author’s Purpose: _______________________________________________________

Author’s Purpose
Directions: read the description, determine the author’s purpose, and then explain your answer.
1. The first issue of Wolverine, published by Marvel in 1982
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
2. A pamphlet explaining how an unborn child may be affected when a pregnant mother smokes
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
3. A novel about a young girl who learns a lesson about bullying other students on the internet
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
4. The terms of use for Facebook, a social networking site
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
5. A speech written by a famous basketball player urging young people to stay in school
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
6. Directions to the mall written by a friend or relative
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
7. The ingredients listed on the side of a candy bar wrapper
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
8. The lyrics to Michael Jackson’s song, “Billy Jean”
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
9. A letter to a teen girl from her imprisoned father giving reasons why she should go to college
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
10. The documentation and instructions for a new touch-screen tablet PC

50
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
11. A bumper sticker warning people to “Click it or Ticket,” in reference to wearing a seatbelt
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
12. The story of a teacher who helps some of her troubled students get to college
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________
13. A brochure for custom glass windows with product descriptions, sample images, & coupons
Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________________

Point of Narration Technique: (POV)

A- 1st person point of narration: It’s the type of narration in which the narrator is actually part of the story
and is telling the story from his/her point of view. The narrator uses “I, me, mine, my…” throughout the
story referring to himself/herself as part of the actions taking place.
B- 2nd person point of narration: It’s the type of narration that is found in dialogues and found in the texts at
which the writer is talking to the reader directly. Ex: “Are you ready to experience a new journey? This
book will take you to a whole new magical world; where all your dreams will come true. You’ll wish you
lived there. First of all, close your eyes and imagine heaven, then picture it as the main setting of this
coming story. You’ll have loads of fun. Get your backpack ready, and get on the carpet, and let’s fly.”
C- 3rd person point of narration: It’s the type of narration in which the narrator is not part of the story.
He/she is just telling it as a person who knows the story and is not involved. It could be:
1- Objective: where the narrator tells only the events; without referring to any character’s feelings,
thoughts, or inner emotions.
2- Limited: where the narrator tells the events + the emotions and thoughts of JUST ONE character;
probably the main character
3- Omniscient: where the narrator tells the events + the emotions and thoughts of ALL characters in the
story (or most of them)

Point of View
Directions: determine from which perspective the passage is narrated.
1. Brian could not bear to be on the roof of the skyscraper any longer. He wasn't usually afraid of heights, but
the wind was so strong and Rufus kept messing with him. "Would you try to land on your feet or your head?"
Rufus asked with a straight face. Rufus could tell that he was getting to Brian, which only encouraged him to
keep going. "Let's go look over the edge, Brian," suggested Rufus, knowing full well that Brian would refuse.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________

51
2. The stars were burning brightly in the night sky. The evening breeze felt cool on my skin. It was the last
night of summer break and I was calm, oddly calm. It's not that I was excited to go back to school. I wasn't.
School is a lot of work for me. But I was excited to see my friends again, and I knew that she would be there.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
3. It was noon. The sun was high in the blue sky. The air was filled with the sounds of lawn mowers and birds
chirping. A door opened. A young boy walked outside. A woman's voice could be heard from the house yelling,
"Wait for me, Michael." The young boy did not wait. He ran to the sidewalk and began jumping. "Yeah! Yeah!
Machine gun!" he yelled, pointing an invisible gun in all directions. He took imaginary shots every few seconds
and pantomimed the recoil.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
4. Chad tightened his grip on the rope. He could feel his fingers weakening. "Come on, Chad! Pull! We're
losing ground!" shouted his teammate, George. Chad gazed at the mud puddle toward which he and George
were being dragged. Then he looked up at his opponents. They were screaming something, but Chad couldn't
quite hear it. The muscles in his arms and shoulders were tightening. "It's now or never!" George shouted.
Chad dug his heels in the dirt and pulled with all his strength.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
5. Grilling chicken is easy. First, give yourself plenty of time. If the temperature rises much past 350 degrees,
you may burn your chicken. So, keep the temperature low, and give yourself plenty of time to cook the
chicken. Set your burners on low and leave the chicken on the top rack. Flip your chicken every 15 to 20
minutes. During final twenty minutes of cooking, brush some barbeque sauce on your chicken. Now prepare
to eat a delicious meal!
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
6. Chuck analyzed the engine. With his experienced gaze, he was able to tell that the vehicle needed a fan
belt. He figured that the job would take twenty minutes and cost about ten dollars, but he had bills to pay. He
summoned the customer over to him with a wave. "Ma'am," he said, "your vehicle needs a new radiator. It's
going to take about four hours and cost around five hundred dollars, he lied. The woman smiled. "So I get my
car back tonight?" she asked. "That shouldn't be a problem," replied Chuck. The woman, still smiling, said,
"Thanks, Chuck. You're a good guy." Chuck felt a little guilty, but he smiled back at her and said, "You're so
welcome."
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
7. Anthony was making a snowman in his front yard. He wanted to make the tallest snowman ever. "Making
the tallest snowman ever is hard," he thought to himself. As Anthony rolled the snow around to form huge
spheres, Justin was watching him from the bushes. Justin had plans too, only his plans involved karate kicking
Anthony's very tall snowman. Justin figured that no snowman deserved to be as tall as Anthony's. Justin
stretched in preparation for his attack.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________

52
8. Sid saw the ball floating through the air. He knew it was coming to him. He positioned himself where he
thought it was going to land. Then a large cloud moved in the sky. The sun blazed and Sid couldn't see
anything. "Thump!" the ball landed right in front of Sid. Coach yelled across the field, "Pick it up, Sid! Throw it
to second." Sid couldn't see the ball in front of him. All he could see were spots. The coach threw his hat on
the ground and continued to yell, "Pick it up, Sid!"
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
9. The stage was bordered with colorful lights but otherwise dark, yet in the center was a single spotlight, and
in the center of that was microphone stand. I slowly walked across the stage with my hands by my side. The
crowd murmured. I grabbed the microphone from the stand and cleared my throat. Then I held it a few inches
from my face and said, "Greetings, my fellow Thunderhawks. Are you ready to get excited for the pep rally?"
One guy clapped slowly.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
10. General Brosnan surveyed the enemy forces and gasped at their sheer numbers. He knew that his men
were better fighters, every last one of them, but were they that much better? He wanted a second opinion.
"Major Miller!" he called to his subordinate, "Take a look at " Major Miller gazed at the throng with concern
and said, "Look at all those ugly mugs." Major Miller was also quite surprised by the enemy's numbers, but he
felt that today would be as good of a day as any to die.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
11. It is midnight when you get the call. A crackly voice shouts over your radio. "Officer down! Backup
requested." All of the other things that you were thinking have left your mind. Your head is thumping. You
arrive at the scene and get out of the cruiser. The air is filled with the syncopated sounds of gunfire. You draw
your own weapon and crouch behind your squad car. You have no thoughts in your head. The only thing
guiding you is your training.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
12. The Gorlak raiders surrounded Bruce Hand. The one with the red eye said, "Now we have you, Bruce
Hand. Give us the key to your adventure Jeep." Bruce couldn't allow the Gorlak raiders to get their hands on
such advanced technology, but they had him surrounded. Fear sank through his heart. Suddenly he had an
idea. "Ok," he said, "here's the key." Bruce activated the plasma grenade in his pocket and tossed it at the red-
eyed Gorlak raider.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
13. The Green Fox notched his arrow and pointed it at Sheriff Woodburn. The Sheriff had been in standoffs
like this in the past. Sheriff Woodburn did not fear death and he wasn't going to give this masked bandit the
privilege of seeing him cower. The Green Fox, however, wasn't going to take any chances with the Sheriff,
whom he knew to be a crafty adversary. So the Green Fox said, "Put your hands in the sky, Sheriff." The Green
Fox waited for the Sheriff to comply. If the Sheriff resisted this order, the Green Fox was prepared to loose the
arrow.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________

53
14. The doorbell rang. Scott bounded down the stairs. He looked through the peephole and then opened the
door. The mailman stood there holding a package. "Is your mother or father home?" Scott shook his head back
and forth. The mailman handed Scott a bulky scanning device and said, "Sign here, please." Scott grabbed the
stylus and scrawled his name.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________

15. The stars seem brighter tonight. The night sky seems deeper. You gaze through the telescope and stare
into the wonder of the cosmos. As you turn the focus knob back and forth, something catches your eye. It is
appearing to be some kind of spacecraft, but it doesn't look like any that you've seen before. It seems more
advanced.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
16. Kelly took her seat in the airplane. There were three seats in her row and, to her dismay, she was assigned
the seat in the middle. As the time of departure drew closer, Kelly grew pleased that she was still sitting alone.
"Maybe I'll get the whole row to myself," Kelly said under her breath. Just then two tremendously large men
approached. "Excuse me, Miss. I have the inside seat." Kelly sighed. She knew where the other person would
be seated as well.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
17. The old man stared at the dog. The dog was sitting on his hindquarters and staring back at the old man.
The old man put his hands on his hips. The dog barked. The old man reached behind his back and pulled a
leather chew from his back pocket. The dog barked again. The old man smiled and laughed. Then he threw the
leather chew toy. The dog bounded after the chew toy in a manner that shook the pictures hanging on the
walls. The old man laughed deeply.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
18. Mr. Davis had his head on his desk. Several children were chasing each other around the classroom.
Others were playing on their cell phones. Everyone was chatting loudly, except Mr. Davis. He was groaning
with his head on his desk. Tabitha came to him and asked, "Are you ok, Mr. Davis?" Mr. Davis raised his head
weakly and replied, "No, Tabitha, I am afraid that I am ill." Tabitha smiled and ran back to her group of friends.
"I told you he was sick!" she shouted.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________
19. "There's no way that I'm getting on that," said Latrice, gesturing toward the unicorn. Latrice had never
ridden a unicorn. She had always been too afraid that she might fall from the sky or be burned up in a rainbow
or something. Cordelia put a hand on Latrice's shoulder and said, "When the Gromlins come, you're going to
want to ride one. You may as well learn now without the pressure of Gromlins." Latrice considered the
wisdom of this statement and decided that Cordelia was right.
Narrator's Perspective: _________________________________________________________________

54
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