Scribd
Upload
33 views4 pages

Power System Protection Coordination

Uploaded by

Vishal Kumar Singh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views4 pages

Power System Protection Coordination

Uploaded by

Vishal Kumar Singh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

✅ Why Protection

- Power System designed by human has a probability of failure


- We can not design a power system which free from failure
- It is not economically feasible to design a power system which is free from failure
- It is advisable to design a power system considering the economics in mind and
allowing the failures to happen and design a protection system to reduce the damage
is always better

✅ What is Protection

- Protection system is equipment / equipments together detects, isolate the fault /


failures / abnormalities to minimise the damage and prevent the cascaded failure
- Fuse,
- CT, Cable, Relay, CB
- MCB
- MCCB & ACB

✅ What is Protection Coordination?

- There are many Protection Devices available in the system


- Hence we need to coordinate these protection devices

✅ Objective of Protection coordination studies

- Isolate the fault


- Isolate only the fault
- Isolate only the fault as quick as possible
- Isolate the fault along with minimum possible healthy equipments in case if the main
protection system fails

✅ Reference Standards

What is included and excluded?

Protection:

- HV / EHV
o Differential
o Distance
o Restricted Fault
- MV
o Over current – 51 (IDMT OC) and 50 (Instant OC)
o Earth Fault – 51N (IDMT EF) and 50N (Instant EF)
- LV
o Thermal Magnetic Release
o Electronic Release / Microprocessor Release
- Other Protection
o Frequency
o Voltage
o

✅ IDMT Over current Protection – How to select Pick up, Curve and Time Dial Setting

✅ Instantaneous Over current Protection – How to select Pick up

✅ When to use Definite Time and when to use Instantaneous Over current Protection

✅ IDMT Earth Fault Protection – How to select Pick up, Curve and Time Dial Setting

✅ Instantaneous Earth Fault Protection – How to select Pick up

✅ manual calculation

✅ simulations using ETAP


Protection:

- Current detection based


- Phase faults – OC
o IDMT
o Instant
o Definite Time
- Ground / Earth Faults

TCC – Time Current Characteristic Curve

CT Ratio:

- FLA * Margin = 179 *1.1

Over Current Protection:

IDMT

- Inverse Definite Minimum Time


o Inverse curve ends and becomes definite Minimum Time at 20 / 30 / 50 times
the Pick up current
- Applications
o Transformer – IEC EI
o Motor – IEC VI / IEC LTI
o Cable – IEC NI
o Buscoupler – IEC NI
o Incomer – IEC NI
o Capacitor
- Three Parameters
o Pick up current (I>)
 Full load current * Over Load margin * Safety Margin / (Reset Ratio *
Under Voltage Margin)
o Curve
 IEEE 242

o Time Dial Setting (TDS) / Time Multiplier Setting (TMS)
TCC Curve

- Adjust TDS / TMS to move the curve vertically


- Adjust the pick up to move the curve horizontally – Pick up is science

Curve and Time Dial Setting has to be selected together based on

- Should not trip for motor starting (Motor starting current 6 / 7.2 / 10 times)
- Should not trip for transformer energisation (Transformer inrush current could be 6 to
12 times of FLA)
- Should not trip for Capacitor switching (APFC)
- This should have coordination with downstream relay
- Ensure that overloading capability of equipment is utilised without tripping
- Ensure that equipment is protected against damage

Why we are not selecting pick up current as Full load current?

- There is a probability of overloading of equipments for short time and equipments


has the capability to withstand
- CT always have error – 5P20
- Equipments in power system are designed operate for a range of voltage (Voltage
Tolerance – Typically +/- 10%)

Instant OC – 50

- Pick up
o Above Starting Current
o Above inrush and Through fault for transformer
o Above inrush current for capacitor
o Importance to RMS – Includes DC, Harmonics

Common questions

Powered by AI

Failures are allowed in power system design as it is not economically feasible to create a system free from failures. A protection system is implemented to detect and isolate faults or abnormalities to minimize damage and prevent cascading failures .

Standards ensure overcurrent protection does not trip during high inrush situations by selecting appropriate pickup, curve, and time dial settings to accommodate motor starting currents (6-10 times), transformer inrush (6-12 times), and capacitor switching currents .

Protection coordination impacts equipment selection and placement by ensuring that fuses and relays are strategically positioned to detect and isolate faults without impacting surrounding healthy equipment, thus optimizing system reliability and safety .

Critical parameters for instantaneous earth fault protection include pickup settings that must be above starting currents and inrush levels, considering through faults and capacitor inrush currents. These settings are influenced by the operational conditions and equipment capabilities .

For IDMT overcurrent protection, the pickup current is determined based on full load current, overload margin, and safety margin. The curve selection is guided by standards like IEEE 242, and time dial settings adjust the curve vertically. These settings are essential to ensure protection devices do not trip during normal conditions like motor starts and transformer energisation .

IDMT characteristics assist in fault management by providing time delay in tripping based on current magnitude, allowing discrimination between fault conditions and operational variations. This delay helps in avoiding unnecessary tripping during transient overcurrents .

Protection coordination involves coordinating multiple protection devices to isolate faults effectively. The objectives of protection coordination studies are to isolate the fault quickly, ensure only the fault is isolated, and minimize impact on healthy equipment in case of main protection system failure .

A protection system detects and isolates faults, preventing them from spreading and causing cascading failures. This minimizes system damage and maintains operational integrity, ensuring reliability .

HV systems utilize differential, distance, and restricted fault protection; MV often involves overcurrent and earth fault protection; LV uses thermal and electronic releases. These differences are significant because they cater to specific voltage levels and their associated fault characteristics .

Pickup current is not set to full load current due to possible short-term overloading and the need for equipment to withstand temporary overloads. Additionally, CT errors and voltage tolerance must be considered to avoid unnecessary tripping .

You might also like