10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Circular Functions

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

1
Mathematics – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Circular Functions
First Edition, 2020

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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Circular Functions

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Circular Functions.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Circular

Functions.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be given
Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master Circular Functions. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

In this module, you will be able to:

 illustrate the different circular functions; and
 use reference angles to find the exact values of circular functions.
M10 AL-1a-b-1

Specifically, you are expected to:

1. define circular functions;
2. find the value of the different circular functions;
3. define reference angle;
4. find the reference angle of a given angle and;
5. give the exact values of circular functions by using the reference angle

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 What I Know

Let us find out how much you already know about this module by answering
the questions below.

Direction: Read and understand the following questions. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the space provided before the number.
___1. What is cos 1200?
a. 1/2
b. −1/2
c. √ 3/2
d. −√ 3/2

___2. What is the y-coordinate of a 2250 angle along the unit circle?
a. −1/2
b. −√ 3/2
c. −√ 2/2
d. −1

___3. An angle measuring 30o is in standard position along the unit circle. What are
its coordinates?

a.
( 12 , √23 )
b.
( 12 ,− √23 )
c.
( √23 , 12 )
d.
(− √23 , 12 )
___4. The value of tan 315 ° is the same as the value of _____________.
a. cos 0 °
b. sin 90 °
c. tan 135 °
d. sin 180 °

−3
___5. Find cos p if p is a real number given that sin p= and cos p>0.
4
−7 7
a. c.
16 16
−7 7
b. d.
4 4

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 π
___6. What is the exact value of csc s if s= ?
6
a. 0 c. 2
b. 1 d. 3

___7. What do you call an acute angle that is used to find the circular functions of
the other angles?
a. Circular Angle c. Reference Angle
b. Coterminal Angle d. Referral Angle

___8. If an angle θ is located at Quadrant II, what formula will you use to find its
reference angle?
a. θ−2 π c. θ−π
b. 2 π −θ d. π−θ

___9. Which of the following angles does not have a reference angle of 60 ° ?

a. a. −420° c. −60 °
b. −300 ° d. 660 °

23 π
___10. Find the reference angle of .
6
π 2π
a. c.
3 3
π −π
b. d.
6 3

___11. Which of the following pair of angles has the same reference angle?
16 π −5 π
a. 135 °∧305 ° c. and
9 18
π −π
b. 470 ° ∧−290 ° d. and
4 8

___12. Give the reference angle of 960 ° .

a. π/12 c. π/6
b. π/9 d. π/3

−10 π
___13. Use the reference angle and appropriate sign to find the value of cot .
3
a. −√ 3 c. −2 √ 3/3
b. −2 √ 3 d. −√ 3/3

23 π
___14. Use reference angle to find the value of the expression sin + cos
6

( −133 π ) .
a. 0 c. 1/2
b. 1 d. -1/2

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 17 π 9π
___15. Use reference angle to find the value of the expression 2 cos - sin .
3 2
a. -1 c. 1
b. 0 d. 2

Very good for doing your best! Let us try to find out if you got the correct
answer.

Lesson

2 Circular Functions

Geological and structural engineering studies commonly uses Circular

functions to create mathematical models of rock folds. This set of functions is
considered "circular" because the functions describe a point on a circle as the
function of an angle, which is defined by radians. So, enjoy and have fun in your
journey for five days as you apply your knowledge of the different mathematical
concepts previously studied and your skills in coverting degree measure to radian.
These knowledge and skills will help you in illustrating circular functions and
finding the values of circular functions using the reference angles.

What’s In

The lessons were presented in a very simple way so it will be easy for you to
understand and be able to solve problems alone without difficulty. Treat the lesson
with fun and take time to go back if you think you are at a loss.

Great day ahead of you! Your goal in this section is to apply your previous
knowledge through answering honestly the following activities.

In this activity, you will recall the six trigonometric ratios.

Activity 1: Remember the Ratios?

Directions: Given the figure below, complete the following statements. The first
item was done for you.

opposite side a
1. sin A = =
hypotenuse c

2. cos A = =

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 3. tan B = =

4. cot B = =

5. sec A = =

6. csc A = =

Activity 2.1: Special, Right?

Directions: Find the missing angles and sides of the following special right
triangles. Write your answer on the space provided.
1.

B = __
a = __
c = __

2.

b = ___________
c = ___________

Good Job! Since you already know the measures of the missing angles and
sides of the given special right triangles, you can now proceed to the next activity.

Activity 2.2
Directions: Complete the table below showing the six trigonometric functions of
the angles found in the special right triangles.

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 sin θ cos θ tanθ csc θ sec θ cot θ

30 ° 1 2. √3 2 7. 9.
2 3
45 ° 1. √2 4. 5. √2 10.
2
60 ° √3 3. √3 6. 8. √3
2 3

Activity 3: I’m Even With?

Directions: Convert the following angles in radian measure to degrees and vice
versa then give at least two of its co-terminal angles. Write your
answer on the space provided.
Conversion Co-terminal Angles
1. 50°=¿ ______________ __________ & ____________
2. 130°=¿ ______________ __________ & ____________
3. -70°=¿ ______________ __________ & ____________
4. 5π/3 rad¿______________ __________ & ____________
5. 10π/9 rad¿______________ __________ & ____________

Great job! You’ve done it well! You are now ready to continue your learning
adventure.

What’s New

Now, to further give you more ideas about Circular Functions, let us start it
by understanding the illustrations below.

Circular functions

The circle below is drawn in a coordinate system where the circle's center is
at the origin and has a radius of 1. This circle is known as a unit circle.

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 The x and y coordinates for each point along the circle may be ascertained
by reading off the values on the x and y axes. If you picture a right triangle with
one side along the x-axis:

The cosine of the angle would be the x-coordinate and the sine of the angle
would be the y-coordinate. Since both the coordinates are defined by using a unit
circle, they are often called circular functions.

Example

Solve the equation sin v = 0.5 with the unit circle.

If we examine the figure below, it is evident that there are two solutions to
the problem:

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 We arrive at the first solution by using a pocket calculator and keying:

v=sin−10.5=30∘v=sin−10.5=30∘

Since half a revolution is 180 degrees, we ascertain the other angle by:

180−v=180−30=150∘180−v=180−30=150∘

What is It

A. ILLUSTRATING CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

Circular Functions on Real Numbers

In your Activity 1, you can recall that sine and cosine functions (together
with the other four functions: tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant) of angles
measuring between 0° and 90° are ratios of the sides of a right triangle. It can be
proved that these definitions are special cases of the following definition as what
you have done in Activity 4 .

In a unit circle, if we let θ be an angle in standard position and

P ( θ )=P( x , y ) be the point on its terminal side, we define:
1
sin θ= y csc θ= , y≠0
y
1
cos θ=x sec θ= , x ≠ 0
x
y x
tan θ= ,x ≠0 cot θ= , y≠0
x y

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Example 1. Find the value of sin 150° , cot 150° , cos (-45° ), and csc (-45° ).

Solution.

(A) (B)

For θ=150° , using the property of 30° -60° -90° right triangle, the length of
the shorter leg ( y ) is half of the length hypotenuse ( 1 ) ; x=1/2 , and the length of the

longer leg (x ) is √ 3 times the length of the shorter leg ( y ) ; x=( √ 3 ) ( 12 )= √23 .
Hence, the coordinates of A is ( −2√ 3 , 12 )
.

Therefore, we get

− √3
−√ 3 x 2
cos 150°=x=¿ and cot 150°=¿ = =
2 y 1
2

( −2√ 3 ) ( 2)=−√ 3 .

For θ=−45 ° , using the property of 45° -45° -90° right triangle, the length of

the shorter legs (x∧ y ) is

√2 times the length of the hypotenuse ( 1 ) ; legs( x∧ y )=
√2 .
2 2

Thus, the coordinates of B is ( √22 , √22 ) . With this,

√2 , 1 2 2 √2
sin (-45° ) ¿ y=¿ and sec (-45° )¿ = = ⋅ = √ 2.
2 x √2 √2 √ 2
From the last example, we may then also say that:

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 cos ( π6 rad )= √23 , sin ( −π4 rad ) ¿ √ 22 ,
and so on.

From the above definitions, we define the same six functions on real
numbers which are called trigonometric functions. At the same time, since the
reference for the definition of the six trigonometric functions is the unit circle, they
are also called the circular functions.

Let m be any real number. If θ is the angle in standard position

with measure m rad, then:

sin m = sin θ csc m = csc θ

cos m = cos θ sec m = sec θ

tan m = tan θ tan m = tan θ

Based from the last example, we then have

cos ( π6 )=¿cos ( π6 rad )=cos 30°= √23

and

sin ( −π4 )=¿sin ( −π4 rad )=sin 45° =¿ √ 2¿

At the same time,

tan 0 = tan (0 rad) = tan 0° = 0.

π
Example 2. Find the exact values of all the circular functions of .
2

Solution. Let S ( π2 ) be a point on the unit circle and on the terminal side of the
rad. Then S ( )=(0 , 1) , and so
π π
angle in standard position with measure
2 2
π π 1
sin =1 csc = =1
2 2 1
π π 1
cos =0 sec = =undefined
2 2 0
π 1 π 0
tan = =undefined cot = =0
2 0 2 1

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 2π
Example 3. Given: θ= rad , find the exact values of all the six circular functions.
3

Using the property of 30° -60° -90° right triangle, the length of the shorter leg
(x ) is half of the length hypotenuse ( 1 ) ; x=1/2 , and the length of the longer leg ( y )

()
is √ 3 times the length of the shorter leg ( x ) ; y=( √ 3 )
1 √3
2
= .
2
Therefore,

= y = √ ,csc = = = ⋅√ = √
2π 3 2π 1 2 2 3 2 3
sin
3 2 3 y √3 √ 3 √ 3 3
2π 1 2π 1
cos =x = , sec = =2
3 2 3 x

√3
2 π y 2 √3
= = ⋅√ =√
2π 1 1 1 3 3
tan = = = ⋅2=√ 3∧cot =
3 x 1 2 3 2 π √ 3 √3 √ 3 3
tan
2 3

Example 4.

4
If m is a real number such that cos m = , and sin m > 0, find all the
5
remaining circular functions including sin m.
Solution 1. We will consider m as the angle with measure m rad. Let S (m) = (x , y)
be the point on the unit circle and on the terminal side of the angle m.

4
Since S (m) is on the unit circle, we know that x 2+ y 2=1 and cos m = x = ,
5
we have

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 2 2
x + y =1
2 2 2 2
x −x + y =1−x

()
2
2 4
y =1−
5

2 16
y =1−
25
2 25 16
y= −
25 25
2 9
y=
25

√ y 2= √ 9
25
3
y=±
5
3
Since sin m > 0, we have sin m ¿− . Hence, S (m) = (x , y) ¿
5 ( 45 ,− 35 ).
Therefore,

5 −5
sec m= csc m=
4 3
−3
tan m=¿ ¿
5
4
¿
−3
5 ( )( 54 )= −34 4
cot m=¿− ¿
3
5

Solution 2.

Let S(x 1 , y1 ) and T (x , y ) be points on the terminal side of an angle θ in

standard position, where S in on the unit circle and T on the circle with radius r

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(not necessarily 1) with center at the origin as well, as shown above. Observe that
we can use similar triangles to obtain

x1 x y1 y
cos θ=x 1= = and sin θ= y 1= =
1 r 1 r
We can then further generalize the definitions of the six circular functions.

Let θ be an angle in standard position, T ( x , y ) any point on the terminal

side of θ , and r =√ x 2 + y 2 >0. Then

y r
sin θ= csc θ= , y ≠ 0
r y
4 x
For the second solution
x of Example 4, since rcos m= and and cos m= , we
cos θ= sec θ= x ≠ 0 5 r
r x
can say that x=4 and r =5 (which is always positive). With this, we can solve
y y x
for y, which istanθ= ≠ 0 sin m=
negative, xsince cot θ=< 0 or, ynegative.
≠0
x 5 y
2 2 2
r =x + y
2 2 2 2 2
r −x =x + y −x
2 2 2
r −x = y
2 2 2
5 −4 = y
2
25−16= y
2
9= y
√ 9= √ y 2
± 3= y
y=−3
Since x=4, r =5 and y=−3, we can now find the other circular functions.

4 5
cos m= (given) sec m=
5 4
y −3 r −5
sin m= = csc m= =
r 5 y 3
y −3 x −4
tan m= = cot m= =
x 4 y 3

7
Example 5. Find the value of csc θ ,if cos θ= , θ in QIV.
9
Solution
7 x
cos θ= = ; x=7 , r=9 , y=?
9 r
2 2 2
r =x + y
2 2 2
9 =7 + y
2 2 2 2 2
9 −7 =7 −7 + y
2 2 2
9 −7 = y
2
81−49= y

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 2
32= y
√ 32=√ y 2
y=4 √ 2

Since θ is in QIV, P ( θ )=( + x ,− y ) ; y=−4 √ 2.

Thus,
1 −1 1 √ 2 √2
csc θ= = = ⋅ = .
y 4 √2 4 √2 √ 2 8

B. FINDING EXACT VALUES OF CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS USING THE

REFERENCE ANGLES

From the previous discussion, we observe that if two angles ( θ∧θ1 ) are
coterminal angles, the values of their six circular or trigonometric functions are
equal, respectively. Therefore, in finding the value of a circular function at a
number θ , we can always reduce θ to a number between 0∧2 π .
29 π
Example 6. θ= , θ1=?
6
To find θ1 ,we have to reduce θ to a number between 0∧2 π .

Solution.

If θ is negative, θ1=θ +2 nπ

or θ1=θ +360 ° n where n is the number of 2 π that is to be added

or subtracted to/from θ1to reduce it to a number
If θ positive, θ1=θ−2 nπ or between 0∧2 π .
or θ1=θ +360 ° n
sin θ1=sin (θ−2 nπ )

sin θ1=sin( 296π −2(2) π)

sin θ =sin ( −4 π )
29 π
1
6

sin θ =sin (
6 )
29 π 24 π
1 −
6
5π
sin θ1=sin
6
29 π 5π 5π π
Hence, sin =sin . Also, observe from the figure below that sin =sin .
6 6 6 6

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 Furthermore, if θ1 , θ2 ,θ3 , θ4 are as shown in figure below, with P ( θ1 )= ( x1 , y 1 ),
then each of the x -coordinates of P ( θ2 ), P ( θ3 ), P ( θ4 ) is ± x 1, the y - coordinate is ± y 1
respectively. The location of the angle determines the correct sign. Thus, with the
correct sign, the value of a specific circular function at an angle θ can be
0∧π
determined by its value at an angle θ1, with radian measure between . With
2
this, the angle θ1 is called the reference angle of θ .

As you can observe from the figure above, the signs of P ( θ ) varies depending
on the quadrant or axis it is located. Thus, it is important to know the sign of each
circular function in each quadrant. You do not need to memorize the table below
given that the sign of each function depends on the values of its ratio . We know

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that the signs of cosecant, secant and cotangent are the same with the signs of its
reciprocal which are sine, cosine and tangent, respectively.

Since a unit circle is symmetric with respect to the x−axis , y−axis, and the
origin, we can use this fact to identify the coordinates of all the points using the
coordinates of corresponding points in Quadrant I, for special angles (30 ° , 45 ° , 60 °)
as you can see in the figure below.

If you can still remember, we have used the formula

θ1=θ +2 nπ where n is the number of 2 π that is to be added
If θ is negative,
or subtracted to/from θ to reduce it to a number
If θ positive, θ1=θ−2 nπ between 0∧2 π .

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 To find a coterminal of an angle θ that is between 0∧2 π , but with the given
definition of a reference angle, this is an acute angle which has the same circular
functions with a given angle θ . To find the reference of an angle between 0∧2 π , we
can use a formula depending on the location of the terminal side of the angle θ .

Example 7
Find the value of each expression by using reference angle and appropriate
sign.
4π 4π
1. tan ∧cot 4. sec 510 °
3 3
15 π 15 π
2. cos ∧¿ sin ¿ 5. sec 750 °−csc(−300 °)
4 4
2 π 8π 13 π
3. cot (−225 ° ) 6. tan =2 cos −sin
4 3 6
Solution.
4π
1. is located at Quadrant III to find its reference angle we will use the
3
formula θ−π .
4π
θ−π = −π
3
4 π 3π
¿ −
3 3
π
¿
3

Thus, the reference angle is

π
3 2 2 (
∨60° with coordinates 1 , √ 3 . Since )
4π
3
is

located at Quadrant III, only the tangent and cotangent functions are positive.

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 √3
tan
4π
3
π y 2
=tan = =
3 x 1
=
−√ 3
2 ( )
(−2 )= √3
2
Since cot is the reciprocal of tan,

= = ⋅ √ =√
4π 1 1 3 3
cot
3 √ 3 √3 √ 3 3

15 π
2 . You also have the option to convert to degrees.
4

( 154π )( 180°
π )
=675 °

Since 675 ° is not between 0∧2 π ∨360 ° , we will use the formula θ1=θ−2 nπ or
θ1=θ−360 ° n.
θ1=θ−360 ° n
θ1=675° −360 ° (1)
θ1=315 °
15 π
Now since we already found out that 315 ° is coterminal with or 675 ° , let
4
us now find its reference angle. Given that 315 ° is located at Quadrant IV, we will
use the formula 360 °−θ to find its reference angle.
360 °−θ=360 °−315 °=45°

Hence, the reference angle is 45 ° ∨

π
4
with coordinates ( √22 , √22 ) .
Given that in Quadrant IV, cos is positive and sin is negative:

cos
15 π π √2
=cos =¿ x= ¿
4 4 2

=−sin =¿−¿ x = √ ¿ ¿
15 π π − 2
sin
4 4 2
3. Let us find first the coterminal of −225 ° by using the formula
θ1=θ +2 nπ or θ1=θ +360 ° n .
θ1=θ +360 ° n
θ1=−225° +360 °(1)
θ1=135 °

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 Now since we already found out that 135 ° is coterminal with−225 ° , let us
now find its reference angle. Given that 135 ° is located at Quadrant II, we will use
the formula 180 °−θ to find its reference angle.
180 °−θ=180 °−135 °=45 °

Hence, the reference angle is 45 ° ∨

π
4
with coordinates ( √22 , √22 ) . Since the

given θ belongs to QII, its coordinates would be ( −2√ 2 , √22 ) , or you can also use the

fact that cotangent function is negative in QII.

−√
2
x 2
cot (−225 ° )= = =−1
y √2
2

4. sec 870 °

Find the co-terminal angle: θ1=θ−360 ° n

θ1=870° −360 ° ( 2 ) =870 °−720 °=150 ° (QII)

Find the reference angle: 180 °−θ
180 °−150 °=30 °

Coordinates of 30 °∨
π
6
are ( √23 , 12 ). 870 ° belongs to QII; coordinates would be

( −2√ 3 , 12 ).
1 −2 −2 √ 3 −2 √ 3
sec 870 ° = = = ⋅ =
x √3 √3 √ 3 3
5. To find the value of the expression sec 750 °−csc (−300° ) , we will solve for the
value of each term first.
sec 750 ° csc (−300 ° )
Co-terminal angle: θ1=θ−360 ° n Co-terminal angle: θ1=θ +360 ° n

θ1=750 ° −360° (2) θ1=−300° +360 °(1)

θ1=750 ° −720° θ1=−300° +360 °
θ1=30 ° ( QI ) → Reference ∠ θ1=60° ( QI ) → Reference ∠

P ( 30 ° )=¿ ( √23 , 12 ) P ( 60 ° )=¿ ( 12 , √23 )

sec 750 °= = = . √ = √ csc (−300 ° )= = = . √ = √
1 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 3
x √3 √ 3 √3 3 y √3 √ 3 √3 3
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 2 √3 2 √3
sec 750 °−csc (−300° ) = − =0
3 3
8π
cos
3
2 π 8π 13 π
6. tan
4
+2 cos
3
−sin
6
3 (
8 π 180 °
π )
=480 °

π Coterminal ∠: θ1=θ−360 ° n
tan
4
θ1=480 °−360 ° (1)
P ( π4 )=¿ ( √22 , √22 ) θ1=480 °−360 °

θ1=120 ° ( QII )
√2
π y 2 Reference ∠ :180 °−θ=180 °−120 °=60 °
tan = =¿ =1 ¿
4 x √2
2 P ( 60 ° )=¿ ( 12 , √23 )→ P ( 83π )=(−12 , √23 )
8π −1
cos =x=
13 π 3 2π 2 8π 13 π
sin tan +2 cos −sin
6 4 3 6

( ) ( )
2
13 π 180 °
6 π (=390 ° ) ¿ tan
π
4
+ 2 cos
8π
3
−sin
13 π
6

Coterminal ∠: θ1=θ−360 ° n ¿ 12 +2 ( −12 )− 12

θ1=390 ° −360° (1)
1
θ1=390 ° −360° ¿ 1−1−
2
θ1=30 ° ( QI ) → Reference ∠ 1
¿ 0−
2
P ( 30 ° )=¿ ( √23 , 12 ) ¿−
1
2
13 π 1
sin =y=
6 2

What’s More

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 Here is another set of activities wherein you will apply the key concepts in
illustrating circular functions, and will assess your skills in finding the exact values
of circular functions using the reference angles.

Activity 5: Give Me a Value!

Directions: Given θ , find the exact values of the indicated circular functions. Write
your answer on the space provided.

1. θ=45 ° ; sin θ=¿ ¿, cos θ=¿ ¿

2. θ=120° ; sec θ=¿ ¿, tanθ=¿ ¿
3. θ=7 π /6; cos θ=¿ ¿ , cot θ=¿ ¿
4. θ=−π /4 csc θ=¿ ¿, cos θ=¿ ¿
5. θ=−π /2 cos θ=¿ ¿ , sin θ=¿ ¿

Activity 6: It’s Time to Classify!

Directions: Classify each circular function that can be found inside the box below
by finding its exact value. Write the circular function inside the
rectangle under its exact value.
5π 7π 5π
tan sin cos
6 6 3
2π 13 π
sec csc
3 3
cos ( −43 π )
17 π 23 π
tan sec
3 6
11π
csc
6
cos 420 °

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Activity 7: Complete the Six!
Directions: Given the value of a particular circular function and an information
about the angle θ , find the values of the other circular functions. Write
your answer on the allotted space.

1. cos θ=15/17 ; 0<θ <π /2

a. sin θ=¿ ¿ ¿ b. csc θ=¿ ¿ ¿ c. sec θ=¿ ¿ ¿

d. tanθ=¿ ¿ ¿ e. cot θ=¿ ¿ ¿

2. tanθ=−3 /2 ; 3 π /2<θ<2 π
a. sin θ=¿ ¿ ¿ b. cos θ=¿ ¿ ¿ c. sec θ=¿ ¿ ¿

d. csc θ=¿ ¿ ¿ e. cot θ=¿ ¿ ¿

3. sin θ=−√ 3/2; 3 π /2<θ<2 π

a. cos θ=¿ ¿ ¿ b. csc θ=¿ ¿ ¿ c. sec θ=¿ ¿ ¿

d. tanθ=¿ ¿ ¿ e. cot θ=¿ ¿ ¿

4. cot θ=5 √ 3 /7 ; θ is at QIII (not necessarily a unit circle)

a. sin θ=¿ ¿ ¿ b. cos θ=¿ ¿ ¿ c. sec θ=¿ ¿ ¿

d. csc θ=¿ ¿ ¿ e. tanθ=¿ ¿ ¿

−14
5. sec θ= ; θ is at QII (not necessarily a unit circle)
11
a. sin θ=¿ ¿ ¿ b. cos θ=¿ ¿ ¿ [Link] θ=¿ ¿ ¿

d. tanθ=¿ ¿ ¿ e. cot θ=¿ ¿ ¿

Activity 8: Do They Match?

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Directions: Match the given angle measure in column A with its reference angle in
column B. Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before
each number.
A B
_______1. 605 ° a. 50 °
_______2. −350 ° b. 10 °
_______3. 1101 ° c. 60 °
_______4. −960 ° d. 36 °
_______5. 1935 ° e. 65 °
_______6. 2 π /9 f. 30 °
_______7. −41 π /18 g. 21 °
_______8. 9 π /5 h. 45 °
_______9. 257 π /36 i. 40 °
_______10. 39 π /4 j. 51 °
k. 25 °
Activity 9: What’s the Worth?
Directions: Using the reference angle, give the value of the following expressions.
Write your answer on the allotted space.

1. cos π /6 +sin 14 π /3−tan (−11π /4)=¿ ¿ ¿

2. sec 2 22 π /3 −cos 31 π /3 ¿¿
3. 3 sin 5 π + 4 cos 9 π /2 ¿¿
4. −2 cot ¿ ¿¿

5. ( 12 cos 5 π /6)( 32 tan 79 π /4) ¿¿

6. sec 750 °−csc(−210 ° ) ¿¿

2
7. cos 225 °−4 tan(−315 ° ) ¿¿
2
tan (−17 π /6 )
8. ¿¿
cos2 (−17 π /6 )
tan ( 2 π /3 )
9. ¿¿
tan ( 2 π /3 ) +cos 5 π /4

10.
1
( tan (−2 π /3 )
3 −1+ tan ( 39 π /4 )+ cos 5 π /2 ) ¿¿

Great job! You have done it smartly. I am sure that you are now ready to
answer the next activities.

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 What I Have Learned

Now, it is about time to express in writing what you have learned about the
topic. Let us complete the sentences below.

Activity 10: Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the sentences below with the correct word/phrase or value to
make each statement true.

1. In a unit circle, if θ is an angle in standard position and P ( θ )=P( x , y ) is the

point on its terminal side, then the ratio x / y denotes the ________________
function.
2. If an angle θ is in standard position and P ( θ )=( x , y ) is the point on the terminal
side of θ with r as the radius of the circle, then the cosine function is denoted by
the ratio ________________.
3. If the terminal side an angle θ in standard is located at the Quadrant IV, only the
________________ and ________________ functions are positive.

4. Given that θ1 and θ2 have equivalent circular functions (without considering the
signs) and θ2 has a value between 0 and 2 π , then θ2 is the ______________________
of θ1 .

13 π 31 π
5. To find the exact value of the expression csc + tan , we need to find the
3 6
reference angle of each circular function, and these are ________________ and
________________ respectively.

Congratulations! You have done it so well.

What I Can Do

Activity 11. It Is My Turn

Directions: Construct one problem applying our lesson in finding exact values of
circular functions. Solve it and show your complete solutions on the

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 space provided below the criteria. Please be guided with the criteria as
shown below as basis of earning points.
Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning
Criteria
5 4 3 2

The content is
The content is very The content is The content is not
relevant but not so
Mathematical relevant and relevant and relevant and not
much applicable to
Content applicable to our applicable to our applicable to our
our present
present situation. present situation. present situation.
situation.

Exhibit complete
Exhibit complete Exhibit incomplete Exhibit erroneous
solutions but one
Accuracy solutions with the solutions with the solutions but got
of the roots is
correct answer. correct answer. the correct answer.
wrong.

The concepts are The concepts are The concepts are The concepts are
very clearly clearly organized, not clearly not clearly
organized, correct correct grammar, organized, correct organized,
grammar, and and correct grammar, and incorrect grammar
Organiza-
spelling were spelling were correct spelling and spelling were
tion observed. Words observed. Words were observed. observed. Words
used are related to used are related to Words used are used are not
the topic. the topic. related to the topic. related to the
topic.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Congratulations! You have done it gracefully. And now, you are very much
ready to apply what you have learned through answering the questions below. For
sure your smartness will be tickled. Good luck!

Assessment

Directions: Read and understand the following questions. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the space provided before the number.
___1. What circular function is denoted by the ratio x/r?

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 a. sine c. cosecant
b. cosine d. secant

___2. In a unit circle, cos θ is equal to the value of _______ where θ is an angle in
standard position and P ( θ )=(x , y ) is the point on its terminal side.
a. x c. x/y
b. y d. y/x

___3. In a unit circle, _________ function is equal to the value of x/y where y ≠ 0
and θ is an angle in standard position and P ( θ )=(x , y ) is the point on its
terminal side.
a. cosecant c. secant
b. cotangent d. tangent

π
___4. What is the value of sin ?
3
a. 1/2 c. √ 3/2
b. −1/2 d. −√ 3/2

___5. An angle measuring 3 π /4 rad is in standard position along the unit circle.
What are its coordinates?
a. (−√ 2/2 , √ 2 /2) c. . (−√ 3/2 , 1/2)
b. (−1/2 , √ 3 /2) d. (−√ 3/2 ,−1 /2)

___6. Find sin k if k is a real number given that sec k =7/5 and sin k > 0
a. 2 √ 6/5 c. 6 √ 2/5
b. 2 √ 6/7 d. 6 √ 2/7

___7. It is an angle between 0∧π /2 that is used to find the circular functions of
another angle.
a. Right Angle c. Co-terminal Angle
b. Reference angle d. Circular Angle

___8. If an angle θ is located at Quadrant IV, what formula will you use to find its
reference angle?
a. θ−π c. π−θ
b. θ−2 π d. 2 π −θ

___9. Which of the following angles does not have a reference angle of 80 ° ?
a. 640 ° c. 320 °
b. 480 ° d. −800 °

___10. Which of the following angles has the same reference angle with−50 π /9?
a. 55 π /9
b. 41 π /9
c. 30 π /9
d. 26 π /9

___11. Which of the following pair of angles has the same reference angle?
a. 4 π /15 and 22 π /15
b. 11 π /45 and 22 π /45
c. 22 π /15 and 22 π /45

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 d. 11 π /45 and 169 π /45

___12. Give the reference angle of 2020 ° .

a. 20 °
b. 40 °
c. 60 °
d. 80 °
13 π 31 π
___13. Use reference angle to find the value of the expression csc + tan .
3 6
a. √ 3/3
b. 2 √ 3 /3
c. −2 √ 3/3
d. −√ 3/3

2 8π 2 8π
___14. Use reference angle to find the value of the expression cos −sin .
3 3
a. – 1/2
b. – 1/4
c. 1/4
d. 1/2

___15.
sin ( −π6 )−cos 136π = ?
+ cos (
6 )
23 π −7 π
sin
6
a. – 1
b. 0
c. 1
d. 2

Good job! You have done it excellently. Continue learning for the last activity. I’m
sure you will enjoy it. Good luck!

Answer Key

Assessment Activity 10: Complete Me! Activity 9: What’s the Worth?

1. d 6. b 11. d 1. cotangent −6+2 √ 3

2. a 7. b 12. b 2. x/r 1. −1+ √ 3 6.
3. b 8. d 13. a 3. cosine, secant
3
4. c 9. c 14. a 4. reference 2. 7/2 7. −7 /2
5. a 10. b 15. c 5. π /3, π /6 3. 0 8.4 /9
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4. 5 √ 3/3 9.
5
Activity 5
References
Grade 9 Leaners’ Material pages 430-434
Precalculus Teacher’s Guide pages 135 – 143

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd – Division of
General Santos City with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary
material to be used by all learners in General Santos City in all public
schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was
observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – General Santos City

Office Address: Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax: (083) 552-8909
E-mail Address: depedgensan@[Link]

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