PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
The permanent magnet synchronous motors are one of the types of AC synchronous
motors.
Field is excited by permanent magnets that generate sinusoidal back EMF.
So, sinusoidal type BLDC motor is called as PMSM.
Permanent magnet is used in the rotor to create magnetic field.
Very efficient , safe and give high dynamic performance when compared to
conventional synchronous motors.
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CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION (CONTD…)
The PMSM construction is similar to the basic synchronous motor, but the only
difference is with the rotor.
A PMSM consists of a stator and a rotor.
Stator is the armature and rotor is the permanent magnets.
The rotor doesn’t have field winding.
The permanent magnets are used to create field poles.
Stator core is made up of soft steel laminations.
Stator core has slots and winding is placed in these slots.
The most widely used permanent magnet is neodymium-boron-iron because of its
effective cost and ease of availability.
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CONSTRUCTION (Contd…)
Based on the mounting of permanent magnet on the rotor, construction of a
permanent magnet synchronous motor are divided into two types.
1. SURFACE MOUNTED PMSM
2. INTERIOR PMSM or BURRIED PMSM
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1. SURFACE MOUNTED PMSM
The magnet is mounted on the surface of the rotor.
It is suitable for low speed applications.
Provides uniform air gap and low noise.
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2. INTERIOR PMSM OR BURRIED PMSM
The permanent magnents are embedded into the rotor.
It is suitable for high speed applications.
Small air gap and high noise.
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CONSTRUCTION ( Contd…)
Based on the direction of magnetic flux PMSM is classified into radial field and axial field
machines.
1. Radial field PMSM
2. Axial field PMSM
Radial field machines produces magnetic flux perpendicular to shaft or in radial direction.
Radial flux motor requires low volume of permanent magnets compared to axial flux motors.
They are cheaper and easier to install.
Axial field machines have their field along axial direction or flux is parallel to shaft. Axial field
machines have high power density and acceleration. They have complex structure compared to
radial field machines.
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WORKING PRINCIPLE
The working principle of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is same as
that of synchronous motor.
It depends on rotating magnetic field. Stator is having 3 phase windings.
When three phase winding of stator is energized from 3 phase supply, a rotating
magnetic field is set up in the air gap.
At synchronous speed N=120 f/P , rotor field poles locks with the rotating magnetic
field to produce torque and hence rotor continues to rotate.
As like synchronous motors , PMSM are also not self starting.
It requires variable frequency power supply to start the motor.
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FEATURES
PMSMs are very efficient, brushless and give high dynamic performance.
It produces smooth torque, low noise.
Instead of using winding in the rotor, permanent magnets are mounted to create rotating
magnetic field.
Simple construction and low cost.
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CONTROL OF PMSM
1. SELF CONTROL
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2. SENSORLESS CONTROL
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Comparison of BLDC Motor and PMSM
BLDC motors PMSM motors
1. The waveform of back emf of a BLDC motor is The waveform of back emf of a PMSM motor is
trapezoidal shaped. sinusoidal shaped.
2. The torque produced by a BLDC motor is A PMSM motor produces higher torque as compared
comparatively lower. to BLDC motor.
3. The efficiency of a BLDC motor is less, around PMSM motors are comparatively more efficient. The
85% to 90%. typical efficiency is about 92% to 97%
4. At same switching frequency, a BLDC motor The switching losses in a PMSM motor are high.
has less switching losses.
5. Simple control method. Control method is complex.
6. The BLDC motor is comparatively less The cost of PMSM motor is high.
expensive.
7. Performance is poor when compared to High performance.
PMSM
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APPLICATIONS OF PMSM
Compressors
Blowers
Steel rolling mills
Ship propulsion
Fans
Pumps
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