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"24 'TRIBHUVAN LINIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Full Marks

BEL, BEX, BAME,
Exanrination Control Division BCT, BIE, B,Agri
Pass Marks i 32
2074 Ashwin Tirne

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Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Anempt AII queslions.
All questions. carry equal marks-
Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. Define ceinters of suspension and oscillation of a compound pendulum and show that they
are interchangeable. What length of the pendulum has its minimum time period?
OR
Define SHM. Derive the expression for energy of SHM. Show that the KE and PE of
simple harmonically oscillating object changes with time however'the total energy-is
invariant.
1
What is LC oscillation? Derive the differential equation of free oscillation and cornpare
its solution with mass spring system.
J. V/hat is piezoelectric effect? Describe the const:uction of a piezoelectric oscillator for
the produition of ultrasonic waves.
4. [Link] interference fringes are formed by a thin wedge shaped film examining by
norrnally reflected light. Derive a relation for the fringe width on such'system of
interference fringes.
OR
What is double refraction? Explain how would you use the phenomenon to produce linear
polarized light and circularly polarized light.
5. A diffraction grating used at normal incidence gives a line (540 nm) in a certain order
superposed on the violet line (a05 nm) of the next higher order. How many lines per cm
are there in the grating if the angle of diflraction is 30"?

6. In Ramsden's eyepiece a coaxial lens system is used. There are two lenses in air and are
of equal focal length of separated by a distance2fl3. Find positions of ihe cardinal points.
7. Discuss the physical significance of numerical aperture QllA). How does it depend on
refractive index ofcore and cladding?
8. Calculate the thickness of cioubll, refracting plate capable of producing a path differetrces

of ! b.t*.en extraordinary and ordinary rays of wavelength 5890A. (Use po - 1.53;

4
and 1t. = 1.54)

9. What is an electric dipole and dipole rloment? Shorv that electric field for a short dipole
drops inversel-v to cube of the distance at aily point from the dipole on an axjai line-
oR
\Vhat is an eleciric qrrdrupole? Calculaie poieniial fi-.1-points ofl [Link] axis of the qudiupole.
 i
t,

l:

18 cm apart in air' Locate the positions of

zero
[Link] point charges 6pc and-24pc are
poteniial on the line joining the charges'
and 5pF are connected in parallel and charged
[Link] capacitors having capacitance 25pF
palculate the total energy stored in the two capacitors'
with a 100V;;;;pply.
. .ri..:,fr,*!sthat is superconductor? Explain critical magnetic field;,DescribE -the characteristics of
superconductor.
OR
carrying circular coil behaves as a magnetic
Explain Biot-savart law. Show that a current

.r-^rr:-r'.^+i^- r-alarr :lenoid and Toroid'

13Expl{[Link]..----
14. Deuterons in a Jescribe a circle of raaius. O':Z -^juu,!-: ::^"I::T9*#
"y"tot'on
#:l:"fi:"rJ&i"r'*;;;. emrs.r0 MHz. Find the flux densitv orthe magnetic:
"opi"a of the cyclotron' (mass of deuterons
field and the energy of deuterons emerging out
3-32x t0-27 kg.1
15. What are Maxwell's equations? Using Maxwell equations dTI :ft:.^"f"i**1iT]
i*,""*. travers with vetocitv l"ry 4T
;ffi'ffirii#|" -"air*'i.r" ttu,
"*'wave
veiocitY of iigitt in such medium'
times as fast as an electron' The ratio of the
de-
16. A non relativistic particle is moving three
is l'813 x 104' Calculate the
Broglie warelenih of the particlato that of the electron
masl of the Particle.
 74 TRIBHUVAN T'NIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2074 Chaitra

Candidates are required to give their answers in their ou,n rvords as far as practicabie.
Attempt A$questions.
All questions tz*y equal marlcs.
Assume sui{{}ble datc if necessary.

1. Describe L.C oscillation qualitatively by using neccssary circuits and graph.

OR
Define tlre terms sharpness of resonancc and quaiity factor. Derive thc relation of quaiiq,
factor in terrns of band w'idth.
2. Define transtrerse rl'ave" I)e."'eiop a differcntial equation of the -"ry'ave in a stretched string
and then find the velocity oftransverse lvave.

-1. A reverberation time sf 2.3 sec is observedin a hall cf volume 5500 m3. The sounrl
ai:sori:ing surface of the hall has an area o[ 15A m?. Calcr:late the average absorption
coelficient.
4. \!hat are construclive and riestructile interference? Prove that the path difference lor
constructive interf'erence is integer multiplc of 2, anrJ that for destnlctive interference is
odd integer multipie ot)"2.
OR
Hon'can you disringuish thc plane. circularl-v and elliptically polarizei light bi,using
niccl prised and war.e plate?
). 'v\rhat is diffi'action of light'/ tlxpiairr' ihe dispersir,'e pcwer ani resciving porver ol a
diffraction $ating. Derive tite relatiori and alsrt relate them.
6. A 30 cm lorg polarimeler iube containrng 50 crr3 of susar soiution prociuces an opticai
rotation i4.5o [Link] placed on a polarimeter tube. If the spccrfic rolation of si-igar solution
is 65o, calculate the quantitl' of sugar containeC in the tube.
'i. Two thin converging lenses oI' focal lengths i0 cm and 40 cnt respectivelv [Link] placed
co-oxially in air sepaiated by a distance of 20 cnr. An object is placed 40 cm in fi'cnt of
the first lens. Find the pcsiiion and nature of the image.
B- \Vhat is cipticai {lheri'Irxplain numerjcal aper"ture ancl acceptance angle. Alsci compare the
attenuation propefiy efficicncy and cost of single mode and multimoele opticai fibcrs.
9. What is electricai dipoie and dipoie rnoment,) Derive an expression oitiie electric field
intensity at a point due to Cipole at equatorial iine?
10. Define the three electric vectors E,P,D and develop a relation between them.

OJ?

A cylindrieal capacitor has radii 'a' and 'b'. Show that haif the energy stored lies within the
cyiinder whose radius is r = Jab .
11. What wiil be the conductivity of sodium metal having atomic weight 22.9 and density
1.013 grdcm-'? Th" relaxation time of sodium metal isJx l0-la sec.

12. lilbat type of particles can be accelerated by a cyclotron? Explain the working of
cyclokon and synchrotron with their differences.
OR
Differentiate between electromagnetic induction and seltinduction. Develop an
expression for self-inductance of a teroid.
13. Using Ampere's la'+v', calcuiate the magnetic field inside, outside and on the surface of a
long curent carrying conductor and hence plot a graph between the magnetic field versus
distance from the center of the conductor.

14. Determine the energv stored in an inductor. AIso, determine the energy density in
mapetic fieid.
l5.A radio r,l'ave transmits 25 Wlm2 of [Link] per unit area, The flat surface area is
perpendicular tc the direction of propagation of the wave. Calculate the radiation pressure
on it and maximum electric and magnetic field associated with the waye.

16. What are &e significaaees of wave-function? Using the wave fLnction derive and
expression for the time dependent Schrodinger wave equation.
**t
 T'RIBH{JVA}! LINi VERSITY Exaryr.
T,'iSTITU T.E OF ENGINEEPJNG Lel,el DE Fuii *tarks 80
BAME, BEL, EEX
Examinati*n Control *ivisinn Progrxurrne BCT. BIE, B. Aqri. Fass Marks 32

2{J?3 ShrarE*n Year I Part ltl l['ime 3 hrs.

Swbj*ct: - Engineering Physics 1SH4AZ)

Candidates are reqliired to give their answers in their own words as far as praciicable"
Attempt Altqaestions.
A$ questions carry equal marks.
Assuarc suitable d*ta lfnecessary.

1. Write the differences tretween msshanical oseillation and e.m. osciliation" Set up the
differential equation of damped harmonic mechanicai oscillaticn. Obtain the relation for
fiequency of'such oscillation. FIence explain the conditions for different types of damped
oscillation
OR
Define sharpness of, resonance. Derive the relation for current amplitude of forced e-m
oscillation.
Z. What are the measures of good acoustic building? Sholv that the reverberation tim*
with increase in absorbing factors in a hall.
decrease

J. Two thin lenses of focal length fl and f2 separated by a distance having an equivalent
focal length 50 cm" The combination satlsfies the ccndition for no chromatic aberration
and minirnum spherical aberration. Find the separation between the two lenses il both
lenses are of same materials.
4. Prove that the intensity of first maxima is 4.54o/a of the central maxima in Fraunhoffer's
singie slit diffraction.

OR
Write the physical meaning cf dispersive power and resolving power of grating. Shorv
thai resolving power is directly proportional to the total number of rulings on the grating.
5. Newton's Rings arraqgement is used with a source emifiing two wavelerrgth 1"1 and 1,2. it
is found that the nth dark ring clue to Ir coincides with {n+l)th dark ring to ?.2. Find the
diameter of nth dark ring" (f,1 :6x10-5 cn_t"?,.2: 5.9x10-s cn: radius of curvature of the lens
R - 90 cm).
A A quartz crystal has refractive indices 1.553 and 1.544. Calculate the thckness of a
quarter [Link] plate fcrr so<lium iight of wavelength 5890A'.
7. Explain the terms stimulated emission, populatinn inversion, opticai pumpling and
metastable. Expiain working principle of He-Neiiaser.
e A heavy eircular ring ofradius R oscillates in a verticai plane about a horizontal axis at a
distance x from the center. Sirow that the time period is minimum rvhen x : R

:
 --=__

9' Derive the relation for potential at any point due to

an electric dipcle and show that no
work is done in bringing a charge from infinity to
aipore arong the perpendicular bisector
of the dipole.

OR
A plastic rod contains uniformly distributed
Q charge. The rod has been bent in I20.
circular arc of radius 'r' as shown in figure below.
Proie that the electric field iatensity at
the center of benr ro<i is E -
o'83Q
4xeor2

10' xerive lhe relation lor rise and fall of cun:ent [Link] ancl discharging
through resistoi. prot graphs between *urrent and cf capaoitor
time #c ixptain the figures"
II ' The space betu'een two concentric [Link] sphcrical
sheils of radii b : I .?0 cm and a
= 1'7s cm and a= 1.2a cm is fi1led with a *brtu*r"
of dietectric constant k:23.5. A
potential difference v : 73 v is applied across
ttrre imer and outer shells" Determine
the capaciiance of the device (b) the^free charge q ia)
on the i**, ,ir*ri.
12' What is Hall-effect?.Derive an expression
for the Hail coefficient and established tlie
relation between mobility of charge carrier and
conductivity of material of wire.
OR
Derive a relation resistivity of a eonductor using
rnicroscopic vie*,. From your result,
explain why resistivif of a couductcr increase
with necessary vrith' increasing
temperafure.
13' E'<plain the phenomenon of self induction.
Caiculate the vaiue r:f incluctance for (ai long
soienoid and (b) Toroid.
i4' wJrat is Ampere's law? [Link] expression for [Link] flux density outside
a long straight conductor carrying
and inside
cient I.

15' Define Poynting vector' Pro,e thatd=[E.d'jru", where rhe s-vmbols have rheir usual
(.,
meitnings.
16' Discuss the significance of the wave function ancl deduce the time independent
Schradinger,s wave equation.

+**
 i1 TRIBI IUVAN LT.,IiVERSITY
(-}IT II}IGI].iEEIiIN U iBE,- ... FullMarks
-"i--- i
B0
BjSTITUTE ..i .. .......-..

: BEL, BEX, BAME" Fass Marks t 12

Examination Contr+l l)ivision j B_CTzBiE2 B,Agl1,
2073 Chaitra UI Time

-
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'/ Attetnpt 4!1. questions..
,/ Atl qwestions can'y equal tnarks'
{ Assume suitable data if necessary'

pendulum fallorvs angular

1. Deflne compound pendulum. Show that the motion of torsional
SI-IM, Use it to find modulus of rigidity of a given wire'
OR
prove that maximum
Prove that LC circuit is an analogy of spring mass system. Ilence
energy stored in the capacitor is equal io maximum enelgy stored in indr-rctor'

2. If the relaxation time of a damped harmot-ric oscillator

is 50 sec. find the tirne in r'vhich the
r-l system falls to
arnplitude falls to 1ti,r*, the initial value and energy olthe iof its
L

initial value.
sound wave in the
1
J. A roorn has dimensions of 6x4x5rn" Finct (a) the mean free path cFtire
with the walls o1'the
room (b) the nr-rmber of reflections per second made by sound wave
.[Link]*n, velocity of soutrd in air is 330ms-1)
theory for the
4. Write dornn the conditions for interference of light? Give the Ilecessary
interfeience in thin fihn due to rellected light'
OR
polarized light. L'xplain
Describe how rvill you produce linearly, circrilarly and elliptically
wiih mathematical calculation.
5. A graiing with 25rl grooves/mm is used with an incandensent
light source' Assurne visible
ta range in wa,-el",rgth from
*[Link]*ri 400 to 700 nm. ln horv many orders oan one see
the entire visible sPectrum?
Newton,s rings formed by sodium ligbt viewed irormaily. What is the order of
dark ring
6.
w'hich will have double tire diaineter of 50'" ring?
of He-
-1.
what do you mean by populalion inversion ancl pumping? Describe the working
Ne laser with the help of energy level diagrarrr'
What is chromatic Aberration? Show that a single lens is always aocompanied with
such
8.
abcrration. Discuss in brief how can we minimize chromatic Aberration in the

combination of lenses.
v- Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point P at an axial distance x from
center of the iing of radius 'a' and linear charge density 1". F{ence develop the expression
for electdc field intensity at the same point.
oR
prove that the electric field due to a short dipole at a point on axial line is tr,vice that on
ti-re equatorial line.
i0. Charge of uniform volume densitlr p:3.2 pClmi fills a non conducting solid sphere of
radius 5 crn. What is the magnitude of tile electric field 3 cm fi'om the sphere's center?
1i. A parailel plate capacitor has a capacitance of 100 pF, a plate area of tr00 cm2 and a mica
clielectric. At 50 volts potential difference calculate (a) E in the rnica (b) the free charge
on the plates and (c) the induced surface charge. fDielectric constant for rnica, k = 5.4]

12. What will be the conductiviq,of sodium rnetal having electron density 2"5xi028 m-l and
relaxation time 3x 1 0-iasec'l
13. Derive an expression for Hall Voltage. How clo you dilferentiate the type of charge
carrier frorn the result ol Hall experiment? What is Hall resistance?
OR

Derir.,e the relation for rise and fall of cnrrcnt in LR circuit. Floi a graph between current
and time and explain the f;gure.

14. A parallei plate capacitor u,ith circular plates is being charged by varyir"rg electric filed of
1.5xi0rr Vim-s. Calculate tire induced magneiic field if the diameier of the plate is
110 mrn and displacemettt cut:rent of this conditicn.

15. \Yrite N4ax*'ell equations in difierential lbrm in liee space. Derive electromagnetic w'ave
equations in vacuum. Find their plane wave solutions.

16. Write dorvn Schrodinger time dependent and time independent wave equations. Plove
that the energy levels are quantized when the electron is confined in an infirfte potential
'*,ell of width'a'.
**-*
 24 ]]RIIJHi,IVAN {JNIVERIITY
n\i S TITUllr-, OIr Ehi GiNEERLT'i $ Full Marks
Exarnination Cantrotr llivision
207? Kartik

$$ie9r, , Esg3negriris Phys!!? islr402i

/ Candidates are requireii to give their answers in their own w*rds as far as practicable.
/ A*empt 4!!questians.
{ ALquestions caruy equa} mcrfcs.
{ Assume suitable data if necess*ty.

i. Diffe;:entiate betlveen bar pendulum and torsional pendui,:m. Using a t,;rsional penduium"
deri'.,e a reiation fc',r n:orinlus of rigidit'v of the metallic wire.
stt
Compare the rlamped a-nil ibrced l-CR oscillaticn. llerive the dilTerential eqr"1;1-116p 61
ibrced em-cscillation and compare ir with ciriven rnechanieai osciiiatioir
2. Shor:'that in bal peldulum. mininlum time perioC is acirieved if rariius c1'gyration is
a-
equai to the distan,;e r:f point of suspensian or point of oscillation frcm center cf gravity.
3- Wriie sorne features of acousticaili.' good audiiorium" Derive Sabint:'s fi,.rmula.
4. Two thin ccnverging ienses of tbcai irngths 3 cm and zl c:n respecti.,'cly are placed
[Link] in air separated b1' a dislance of 2 cn-'. an cbjeci is griaced at 4 c:'ir in front ol-
first iens. Locate ihe pe'rsitions olthe principal pornts ani finai irnage.
5. What is polarization'i Derive the relalion ior plane, eliipticai ard circular polarized light"
GR
What a:e the coherenl. sources of light? Holv such souices rlevelop in iab? Sho-w ihat tne
sqilars of diamctcis oI the ntn dark ring b-v the ret'Ier:trd light cf )iei,'ton's ring is directl,v
proportional to tire natural number.
6. Deiine iicceiltimce angie anci munerical aper1ure. In an oplical fiber. ,s[pr.1, 1131 Nrimerical
Aperture (NA): [Link].{(2A), symbols have ihcir rrsuai meanings.
7" in a Fraunhotbr Singie siit difliacricn, a convex lens of fccal length 2i) cm is piaccd just
aftsr a siit of rvidth 0.6 mm. Ii'a plane wavc of wavelength 60CCA' laiis on siil nomrally,
caicrilate the separaiion betu,een the second rninirna on either side of central ma;<in:urn.
0
(r. Caiculate the rninimum no of lines per cm in a 2.5 cm .*ide grating rvhicir rvill just

rcsolve the sodium lines 5890 i and 5896 A in second crder spectnrm.
q" A thin ring made cf plastic of radius R is unifunnl,v charged r.,'ith linear charge densitl'),.
Calculate the electric field intc-nsit,v at any point at an axial distimce 1, f}om the center. {f
electran is con:;trained to be in axial line of the same ring, shorv that the rnotion of

OR
Discuss the behavior of dielectrics in a paraliel piate capacitor. Based on Gauss lavy of
electrr:static in dielectric., show thatfr=uoi*i , where s_vmbols have their usual
meaning.
[Link] potentiai in a region between x=0mandx=6misV=a+bx2 where a: 10 and
b : -7vlm. Determine (i) the potentials at x: 0m, 3m and 6m and (ii) the magnitude and
direction of electric fields ai x: 0m, 3m and 6m.
11. What are the curent density and mobility? Expiain the atoroic view of the resistivity and
show that p : {m/ne2t}, wirere symbols have their usua} meanings.
12. Give general method cf calcuiating capacita::ce of a capacitor. Use the method to
calculate the capacitance ofa spherical capacitor.
13. A toroid has number of f':rns 1250, intemal radius 52 mm, external radius 95 mm and
thickness of the ring 13 mrn, calculate the inducta:rce.

oli
A solenoid having an inductance of 6.3 pH is connected in serieswith a 1.2 kg2
resistance. If a 14 V battery is connected across the pair, trrow long wili it take for the
current through the resistor to reaeh 80% ofits final value?
14. Explain Hall effect. What results you can draw from Hall experimelt? Obtain an
expression for the Hall voltage in a current carrying specimen placed in a magnetic field.
15. State Max':veii equation in integral forrn. Convert them into differentiai fbrm. Explain
each of these equatiors.

16. A free particle is confined in a box of width L. Using Schrodinger wave equation find an
expression for energy eigen value.

***
 ?4 'IRIBHUVAN LI}[Link]
fi\TSTITUTE OF ENGINEERiI'{G
Examinaticm Control llivisiom EEL, BEX,tsCT'
BIE,
;

BAME, . Fass Marks

B Asri, :

20?2 Chai€ra Year/Part 1111

/ Candidates are requireci to give their answers in their o',ryn words as Ib-r as practicabie.
d Anempt 4!lquestions..
{ All questions carry equal marlrs.
{ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. Differentiate betrneen bar pendulum and torsional pendulum. Prove that there exists four
collinear points in bar pendulum
oR.
Prove that LC circuit is an alalogy ol simple harmonic motion and hence prove that
maximum energy stored irr electric fieid is equal to maxirnum energy stored in magneiic
field.
2. In simple harmonic motion, when the displacement is cne-half the amplitude, what
fracti<ln of the totai energy is KE and what fraction is PE? At what displaeement is the
energy half KE and half PE?
\
A sonrce of sound has a frequency of 256 Hz and amplitude of 0.50 cm, calculate the
energy flow across a square {lm per sec. The veiocity of sound in air is 330 mls and
density of air is 1.29 kgim3.
4. Frove that inferference in thin fihn of reflected and transmitted light are complementary
to each other.
OR
is diffraction cf light? Discuss the intensify distribution with special reference to
trtrtrat
diffraction of light in a singie siit.
5. Tr,vo thin converging ienses of focai iengths 30 cm and,4A cm respectively are placed co-
axially in air separated by a distance of 20 cm. An object is placed 40 cm in front of the
first lens. Find the position and nature cf the image.
6" A 2A0 mm long hrbe and containing 48 cm3 of sugar soiution produces an optical rotation
of I tr o w-hen placed in a saccharimeter. If the specific rotation of sugar solution is 66o,
calculate the qriantit-v of sugar contained in the tube in the fcrm of a solution.

7_ In a Newton's ring experiment the diameter of the 10th ring changes from 1 .40 cm to 1.27 j
cm when a liquid is introduced between the iens and the piate. [Link] the refractive
index of the liquid.
6. r,Vhat is an optical fiber? Show that Numerical aperture
of an optical fiber is given by the
expression, NA: p",DA , where the symbols carry their usual meanings.
9. Determine the electric fieid at a distance z on the central axis from the center of a charged
ring. Also, find the maximum value of electric field.
Ofl
Calculate the potential at any point due to an eleckic dipoie. Also, find the potential on
the axial line.
i0. Over certain region of space the electric potential is v : 15x-3x2y+'l2yz2. F'ind the
expxession for the x, y ard z components of the eiectric field over this region. Whai is the
magnitu<ie of the field at the point P that has coordinales (1,0, -2) m?

I 1. Wriie the general methods to calculate the capacitance of a capacitor and hence
determine the capaciknce of a cyiindrical capacitor of inner and outer radii. 'a' and'bt
respectively.
elec^trons when 20 A currenl^is
12. Calculate the drift speed of electrons cun'ent is supplied through a copper
--
wire of cross-sectionil area I mm2 and electron density 1028 m-3. -

13. Detennine the energy stored in an inductor. Ilelrce, prove that the energy density in
magnetic field is directly proportional to square of magnetic fie1d,

' Obtair: an expression for magnetic {ield ,lrl**, due to a circular coil carrying current at
its axial point
14. A copper strip 3.0 crn wide and 2.0 mm thick is placed in a magnetic field 1.75T. if a
current of 150 A is setup in the strip, calculate (i) Hali voltage and (ii) Hail mobility if the
number of electrons per unit volume is 8.4x1028m-3 and,resistivify is 1..72x1A-8 ohm-m.

15. Define poynting vector. Prove that S = 1['d. d')

p\)
16. A beam of electrons having energy of 3eY is incident on a potential barrier of height 4
eV. If the width of the barrier is 20.3. , calculate the percentage transmission of the bqflA:*,
through the barrier.
,<*)i
)
24'[Link]"iIV]]TtSITY
1
INS'IITUTE OF EIJG [Link] Fuil [Link] i 8il
Examination Control Division Pass Marks
207i Shau,an 'f irne

S uljgcg Enggeerlgs Phy-sics- {!n! :g?i

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as I'ar as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
All questions carry equal rnarks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. Derive a reiation to find the moment of inertia of a rigid body about an axis passing
tkough its center of gravity using the torsional pendulum.
OR
What is resonance? Formulate the differential equation of forced electromagnetic
oscillation. Then determine the expression for resonant frequency.
2. A string has a linear density of 625 gm/m and is stretched with a tension 50N. A u,ave,
whose frequency and amplitude are l60Hz and 10mm respectively, is kavelling aiong the
sting. At what average [Link] the ',t/ave transporting energy along the string?
Why is it important to study tlie reverberation time, before the construction of a Cinema
Hall? Derive a relation for reverberation time based on absorption coefficient, volume
and surface area ofthe hall.
4. What happens to the energy when waves perfectly cancel to each other in interference?
Derive the relations for thin film interference by reflected light.
OR
Show that the diameters of the Newton's rings when two surfaces of radii Rl and R2 are
placed in contact are related by the relation (1/Rr)-(l/R2) :
(4nUd2n), where n is the
integer number of the &inges.
,5. A grating with 250 grooves/mm is used with an incandescent light source. Assurne the
visible spectrum to range in wavelengh from 400 to 700 nm. In how many orders can one
see the entire visible spectrum?

6" Define the polarization of light" Write. its importance in different opticai instruments.
Derive the relation for the thickness of quarter wave plate and half wave plate.
\ Two thin converging lenses of focal length 3cm and 4cm respectively are placed
coaxially in air and separated by distance of 2cm. An object is placed 4cm in front of the
fust lens. Find the position of the nature of the image and its lateral magnification.
o
o. A glass-clad fiber is made with a core glass of refractive index 1.55 and the cladding is
doped to give a fractional index difference of 5.5x104. Determine (i) Cladding indexlii;
the critical internal reflection angle (iii) the extemal critical acceptance angle and (iv)
numerical aperture (NA).
9. A particle of,charge -q and mass m is placed midway befween two equal positive charges
q0 ofseparation d. Ifthe negative charge -q is displaced in perpendicular direction to the
line joining them and released. Show that the particle describes a SHM with a period.
i- ,*
l€n rnl i- d-
!uo
,OR
Calcuiate electric field at any point is axial distance due to a dipole and a quadrapcle"
What conclusion you can draw from your results.
 -

10. Charges ave uniformly distributed through out the volume of an infinitely large cylinder
ofradius 'a'. Show that the electric field at a distance 'r'from the cylinder axis r < a is
given by E = +f- where p is the volume charge density.
')^
Loo

11.A cylindrical capacitor has radii a and b. Show that halfthe stored electric potential
energy lies within a cylinder rvhose radius is . = Jub

12. Explain Hall Effect. Derive a relation for hall resistance. From this relation explain the
meaning of quantization of hall resistance.

13. The current density in a cylindrical wire of radius R

= 2 mm and uniform cross-sectional
area is given by J : 2x Am2. What is the current through the outer portion of the wire
1 0s
between radial distances R/2 and R?
14. Explain the phenomenon of "self-induction'. Find an expression for the self-induction of
a toroid having N numbers of tums, radius r and carrying current i.
OR
State Ampere's law. Find the exprerssions for magnetic field outside and inside the long
straight wire by using this law.

15. Write down the Maxwell's equations for non conducting Find the equation of propagation
of plane electromagnetie wave for E-field and B-field for such medium. Show that
electromagnetic wave travels with velocity less than velocity of light in such medium.
16. Derive schodinger time independent wave equation. A particle is moving in one
dimensional potential well of infinite height and width 'a'. Find the expression for energy
of the particle.
 Exarn. ',-,R6EUIAf: rr .;.:, :.,,1,,
24 1 [Link] TJ]'I]"'IiR SITY
INSTITLITE OF ENGINEERING tr cvel l1 t1 !-utrl Markq 80
BEL, BEX, BCT
Examinatlsn Celntrgl Division Programrne BIE. B. Acri.
i"rss '{ark$ 21

?{}71 Chaitra Year / Fart III Time i 1rs.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.'
4ll questions carry equal marks.
Assume suitable dala if necessary.

1. What is torsional pendulum? Derive the expression for the time period of oscillation for this
pendulum.
OR

Prove that LC circuit is an analog of simple lnrmonic motion and hence show that maximum
energy in capacitor is equal to maximum energy in inductor.
Z. If the relaxation time of a damped harmonic oscillator is 60 sec, find the time^ for which
(a) the amplitude falls to l/e times the initial value and (b) energy falls to 1/e2 times the
initial value.
J" Thevolume of a small hall in BICC is 900m3. The wall area of the hall is 150 m2, ceiling
area 90 rn2 and floor area is 95 m2. The sound absorption coefficient for wall is 0'04, far
ceiling is 0.04 and for the floor is 0.08. Calculate the average sound absorption coefficient
and reverberation time.
4. 14hat are Newton's rings? How are they different from Haidinger fringes? Derive an
expression for the diameter of bright rings in transmitted light. Ho'*. can you obtain central
fringe dark in this system?
GR

Explain the dispersive electric field power and resolving power of a diffraction grating.
Derive their expressions and relate them.
5. What is the principle of double refraction? Establish the relation for the production of
Iinearly, elliptically and circularly polarized light.
6. What is stimulated emission? Explain with a suitable energy level diagram, how He-Ne laser
works.
7. Two thin lenses of focal length fl, and f2 separated by a distance'x'have an equivalent focal
length 30 cm and both ienses are of same material. The combination satisfies the condition of
achromatism and rninimum spherical aberration. Find the values of fr and fz.
8. Two glass plates enclosing a wedge-shaped air filrn touching at one edge are separated by
wire of 0.03mm diameter at a distance of 15cm from the edge. Monochromatic light of
wavelenglh 600 nm from a broad source falls normally on the film. Calculate the fringe
rvidth.
s. Define electric dipole. Detdrmine the eiectric potentiai at any point at a distance r frbm the
center of the dipole
OR
o'a"
Find the expression for the electric field due to a ring of charge of radius at a distance "x"
frorn the center ofthe charged ring.
 -

10, Two fixed charges 1.07 pc and -3.28 pc are 61.8cm apart, where may a third charge be
located so that no net force acts on it?
I l. Give general method of calculating capacitance of a capacitor. Use the method to calculate
the capacitance ofa cylindrical capacitor"
12. Calculate the drift speed of electrons when l0 A current is supplied through a copper wire of
cross sectionalareal mm2 and elecffon density 8.5x I028m-3.
13. State Biot-Savart law. Derive an expression fbr the magnetic flux density at a distance "x" on
the axis of circular coil of radius "a" carrying current I.

OR
Derive an expression for rise and fall of current in LR circuit. Hence explain the inductive
time constant of this circuit.
14. A particular cyclotron is designed with Dees of radius R = 75cm and with magnets that can
provide a field of 1.5T. (a) To what frequency should the oscillator be set if deuterons are to
be accelerated? (b) What is the maximum energy of deuterons that can be obtained?
(Mass of deuterons is 3.32x10-27kg)

15. What is Poynting vector? Prove that S = ' [E>< il']) .

Fo\
16. A football of 500 gm is confined between two impenetrable walls of Dasharath Rangashala
that can be trealed as a box of length 100m. Calculate the minimum speed of the ball.
*{.ri
 TRIBHUVAN TJNTVERSITY Exam. Nerv Back {2066 & Later Batch)
. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme
BEL, BEX, BCT,
Pass Marks 3t
BIE. [Link].
2070 Ashad Year / Part TII Time 3 hrs.

Sy$e9t: : Engineering Physics (5H402)

Candidates are required to give their ansu,ers in their own rvords as fur as practicablc.
.lttempt AII quest ion:.
Allquestions cany equal marhs.
Assume suilable data if necessarl,.

1. Derive an expression for the time period oi a physical Penduium and esiablish the
ity of the center of o sci llation and suspension
interchangeabil
2. Give the necessary theory ol forced r,ibratioii and dedr:ce the condition for resonance
amplitude.

OR
Show that the fractional change in frequenc,v of damped oscillation is 1iBQ2 where
e is
quality factor.
The reverberation time for an empty hall is i.5 sec. With 500 audiences present in the
hali, the reverberation time falls to 1.4 sec. Find the number of persons present in the hall
if the reverberation time falls dor,rm to i .3 12 sec.
4. What is interference? Explain the intensity distribution in interference with mathematical
treatment.

OR
Show that the intensity of second primary maxima is 1.62o,b oi central maxima in
Fraunhoffer's single slit di ffraction.
5. A beam of plane polarized light is converled into circularly polarizecl light by passing it
through a crystai slice of thickness 3x10-s m. Calculate the difference in the refractive
indices of the two rays inside the crystal. wavelength of light is 600nm.
6" Whal are active medium population inversion and optical pumping? Give the importance
in the study of LASER. Write a method for getting He-Ne LASER.
7. write the physical meaning of dispersive polver and resolving power of plane
transmission grating. Show that the product of the total number of rulinf and the order of
the spectrum gives the resoiving power of the prane transmission grating.

8. Two thin identical convex lenses of focal length 8 cm and each are coaxiai and 4 cm
apart. Find the principal points and the position ol object for which image is formed at
infinity.
9. What is electric quadrupole? Calculate the electric potenrial of a linear quadrupole of
separation2zatanaxiai distance R from its center.
OR
A ring radius "R" is carr)ring a uniformly distributed charge ,,q,'. Find an expression for
electric field at any point on the axial line. irind the poirrt it which elcciric field is
maximum.
 10' A cylindrical resistor of raclius 6 mnr and length 2.5 cm is made
of materiai that has a
resistivrS'of 4x10-5 Qm. what are (i) The magnitude
of the curent density and (ii) the
potentialditfbrence rvlLen the energy dissipation*rate in the
resistor is 2 Watt?
i 1' A soienoid l'6 m long and 1.3 cm in diameter carries
a current of 94. The magnetic field
inside the solenoid is 20niT. Find the length of
the w,ire fbrming the solenoid.
12' comparc the methods of Biot an<i Savart Law and
Ampere's Lar,v to caiculate magnetic
fields due to current carrying conductor. calculate
magneti; freld at an axial distance ,,x,,
from ihe center of the circuiar coil carrying current.
13' ln a Hali cr-periment, a current of 25A is passed
through a long fbil of silver. rvhich is 0.I
krng. Calcuiate ihc Hail voltage [Link]*", ,lr"u,
lT.'*tk ?n9..3.*
l'4 \\ b r r- It the conduction of silver is 6.8x107 mho/m, estirnate the
rhe width bv a flux of
rnc,biiitv or ur.
eiectrons in silver.
14' A parallel plate capacilor with circular plates is charged by current ,,i,,
(a) What is the
magnitutl" oiJB'ds in terms of g, and i between the plates
if r = (ar5) from the center?
\\hat is ihe rnagnitucie of induced magneric fieid fori:frlil
in terms of displacement
current",

OR
An in
rrrr ir,-t:n-:
,tu!!!d1i!g T i
L' rs connected to a battery of emf E through a resistance.
Show that the
/-n \t
potential ditterence across ihe inductance atter
time t is VL: s el L .i . A1 rvhat time is
tire pc-rteniial difference across the inductance equal
to that across the resistance such
i
thal I = --:
:
l5' \\rrite \Iar$ell
eqtmtions in integral form. Convert them in differential
phi,sicai meaning of each equation.
form. Explain the

16' De-<crrbe the physical significance of the wave

function. Derive an expressio, of time
dependent Schrodinger equation.
***
 ,L,-
_-_SBHUVAN LNTVERSTTY
iExa-.
Exarnination control
Division l programrn"
- i IEL,.--,--S$ulrs
2070 Chaitr^
'--''uu'
i-_-.j--:*ij-F-4st-_ iPassMarr*
if.a11tr-l_i7;
r' Candidates are
required to give
--i:j"-'J
*"r. *r*"._ ,. ,=t_I}1-
- ilers in their orvn words ----.

,t ff;:#i*,io*.
E;;;;:;;;;;7"::i:::::3*. r*"i-, -
as far as . ,.
{.
_

)- Distinguish
{l

fu,#il#r##L#1J':?i::i,y,tj"H::.r"T,5fl ,i,1,[Link] ::
oR
-Defineoru
enersv
qimple harmonic
[Link]"r"
motion.
. ensrsy
--'bt is
"iJ;r;:#r,:"L'*,lljffiutetic ,cur oft
ro harr or rhe totar
J connected
::y, capacitor
i"
"yru .luy. Ihe battery is d.
,r,-"r,-g"a"u;;.JT:'"":.".,*.
acioss the
varue orthe 6ii#H
^^-IIi
Joj: ,i,ll;ff 1,?r,H',':"0:.^"^:y-ted and s0mH coir
occur- carcurut" is
tt. -rrimum
{r/".;.;,,,r**,inthecircuit.
- maximum,#r',:,t;l[l,
exceeding this
?ffi ff.,X 1:::. "r wire is equa
to 2'7axl0s Pa'
what is the
stress? (density
orrr",,*ully*.g.-"* ,L"il
= [Link] uJ*{opa*ate
arong this wire
g wrrar are .J:::'jj:".:sirv
orsteer
rings? How can you
without

'r, gi;"r'liil;"i" use these rings

to determine the
refractive index

Discuss rhe phenomenon

of Fraun-hor", oo#r"tion
intensities of at a
o u'gle
sinp slit' show that the
the successive relative
maxima ur" t,_lr_d """"'
Light of wavek 9n' 25n2
, falls normalry on
index I.o,a*1*-6o00.A a thin wedoe cpra^^r cr
active
' l:o-:oe";;;f;**:TT:ffi
compard ]T,"o;,'';'il#[-:,:,1ffi:d'J1rrefr
beam makes
lhe rntensirir; an ansl ot joe
{l,show,that
"r"*,1]lll",'_1*t
the .::l':i":;il;i""i?'*?}ffiT,ilrgte
w;lt' aeor1i.
*i,, '

",T;H*t*j
[$:fi*XJ#,:1,ft*";ffi:ffiL * *. o,*i.,". or r*,,1
" #r*i*i****#E*s*;
*i**#+]ffi
--ctive ioa"* .ilune;:''"n
has a refractive
::
index of ll
 {. Yrgfirthat electric field due to a short dipole at arial point is twice that at equatorial point.

- { rcAcapacitor of capacitance C is discharging through a resistor of resistance R. After how-

time constants is t}re stored energy l/8 of its initial value?
^*i
tt,/Givea seneral method to calculate electric tleld and potential due to continuous charge
" Jir*Uuion. Using your method, calculate electric field at an equitorial distance y due to a
long charged rod having linear charge density I.
lZ,/Constder a circular coil of radius R carrying current I. Find the magnetic field at any
point oil the axis of the loop at a distance z $om the center of the loop. Show that the
circular current earrying coil behaveS as a magnetic dipole for large distance.
l31ln aHall Effect experiment, a current of 3.2A lenglhwise in a conductor i.2 cm wide, 4.0
:
{
+ - ,* long and 9.5prn-thiok-produces-a tansver'se-Flall*voltage(aeross-the--widthlof 40pY
i when a rnagnetic field of 1.4T is passed perpendicularly through the thin conductor. From
+
l this date, find (a) the drift velocity of the charge carriers and (b) the number density of
i charge carriers.
tn
1: '
an expression for'growth and decay of current in LR circuit. Explain inductive
-/t/.Oorve
!iii1,i1;1:1.,:i'; ''
1t]:il,l,'r:)-:" -' , '
.?

time constant by sketching graph between current and time for both cases.
AD

Derive expiessions for inductan"" oi o Solenoid and Teroid. Then show that inductance is
the property of the coil.
i5. Write and explain Ampere's law in magnetism. How Maxwell modified it. Based on this
modified equarion, explain the term displacement current. Prove displacement current is
equal to conduction current.
ly'Explaun Schrodinger's wave equation. Derive time independent Schrodinger',vave
J equation. Use this equation to find energy- for a particle in a box of infinite square well
potential.
 :. 24 TRIBHWANLINIVERSITY
, INSTTTUTE OF ENGINEERING
Exam.
'Examinafion Level BE Full Marks
' Control Division. BEL, BEX,
80

i. Programme BCT, BIE, Pass Marks 32

&Ae.i.
2069 Ashad Year / Part I/T Time 3 hrs.
.i
,l
iI
:i
I

to give trreir answers in their own words

/. Attetnpt
_:i

I
i ffif:?rfrr;:,::ly""d
Ail questions- as far as practicabte.
r'. 4!! qirtiii"i ,quot *orf".
,t
I
i r' "ony
Assitme suitable doi yoirirrory
I
i

,J 1' 9bt"i" an expre-ssion for the time

it
I rerioj of a compound pendulum and show that its time
bv rhe nxiig
"r " '*Jililffi; ;;'il'li1i*io*ientre or
I

3,H";X,flJaffected
OR
' what is electromagnetic oscillation? Derive
differentiat equation of damped LCR,
oscillation and find its frequency

fut:a#:H:"rr.:,x*",ffi ;kT:,[:;H,#*,rxi,,1,J,,ff
"1"**TI,ilJ,
amplirude of the motion ir, u ,r'*,1-r,'*r'll.
=f
3' In the progressive wave, show that
L ,r'-u,' l
the potential energy and kinetic
energy of every
Xffi:.H*Tffiwith time but rhe ur".ug" K.E. ;;;;it volume and p.E. per unit
4. Two coherent sources having
constant phase 5 but different amplitudes
superimpose, prove that
the Ar and Az
,
inrensiry of ,rp".i*iorlJ-- beam 'is
=A,' + Ar2 +2Ar-A, cos6.
OR
phenomenon of double refraction.
fiTXiffit ff Describe the construction and
acrion of
t *'".fight is incrdent on a soap film at an
, angre ,r-,[iJand rhe ,ene.t"d ligtt 6n.,:
ex4lrunation by a spectrometer shows t
' dark bands."rr,"
to u'aveleqgth 6.lxl0-5cm and 6.0xt0-r.*. **Xtive dark u*os l
ff p:1Jl ,* ta'O6r, catculate its "[Link]"ipono i
6' Light of waverengrh 600nm is incidenr
r"rr"ii, orl,r, ;;;;l*;"H:ffI;
thickness.

i
7' Two leiibes of focal lengths 8cm and +11
are daced at a certa]l
':
distance apa.t. culcurate
the position ofprincipat points if they
f"* *'[Link]"."i,ii"oio,ou,ior.
:

,
.i
,i.i
:,t
 : -t

l
i

index of 1'59' Determine !

8- An optical fiber has a NA of 0'2 and-a cladding ltfr":t*: of 1'33'

1.

acceptance ungt" f;; nu"ii' *"tt' *nii-'* ntefractive index 1

[Link]":*ll:''io,fortheelectricfreld
point at which the field is maxrmum'
uliii;;;;i'ht;Il'' i"#t ir"
at any point o" *'"
OR
' " ' ' ''
'"' poini is twice that at equatorial point'
:o a short dipole at axial
that elecuic field duet . . .:;i.. #-,-=nei*iwe
plamct mlowav "::il;;
10. A particle of charge
q and 3-tu* -is m
; f"rp*ai""r*
.,,
,,,3i.
r :+: ":*:n#iffi1*t1'"*H::1#;;'ftri*#"'nll'ffi;**"lu'sm,*i'i'
,FJ
i

t - .' -*14't 'u j

nrr..
ri:j 4 i-
.a 1) '
'{r,iiijl.i: lS "i,.'.
lS,iS..,.., .,C.4 J+.
.

ill:ffi,,*?,,1fli=[ffiJ "1
l-.^
t :
i electric Potential
bShow that half the stored
.l
radii has a and
'i
11. 11A cylindrical Capacitor
of radius i ='lab'
energy lies wiihin a cyiinder
.i

r!
emf
to the flat face of the strip' The
l2..Aflatsilverstripofwidthl.5cmandthickness..l.5mlngarriesacurrentofl50A.a
p;;il;i*
i! :'('
[Link] field of z-o r"ri" irapplied the number
of it;;;; to be 17'9pv' Estimate
developed across;";;th 't'ip
electrons inthe metal'
; G:ttty;fr"e
iil :
I
that the magnetic field B
:..
of length I carries current I' -Show is
[3. A ]straight wire segment i-* it along a perpendicular bisector
prqduced ty ,rr",-"; at u airpru"" I
l"'=.f- - -*enJ
'8E6. t znvl lt 1t + 4'/11'
t:
':
of turns and radius R'
i. 1

14. Find the inductance

of a toroid having N nrunber
OR
i _-^1.,*,
,- volume in electic field and magnetlc ars proportional
field are
nagnetic rtelo Ptt'!
' Sho* that the energy per unit
L
1-
to the squre of their fields'
iq. ? A6
::-i ::i.
i {il 15. Statenand explain Maxwell's
equations' Derive the
continuity equation: V' J = - ' '
i r:
-;: rr4'.
iil : vYwuvr)when
equation' the potential
of a particle using Schrodinger -
i:;-
:j .-
.! '-
1'6.
''"
Deterrnine the total
;"T;il;;;Jr";6'*<q
energv ":1?,:::iTl""r
and-v:oT:ft
and .- xza'
j- q L4 c (.J
4qac
I
-f.
^ 4
.1
rl

n'
YW'1 I - 14
,-r..
t,
h! u'
.i
.t .da \ :

:
\i ^t
=' -,1-Ll
o
----1a ") 2,,,--
Ll

| v-t+;'
'-

1u
 r!

:i
. 24IR TRIBI]UVAN UNIVERSI'IY Bxam,
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks tO
.
J
Examination Control f)ivision ,.
l'r,gl'amme BEI-- nr,X, bCf,
Pass Marks ' lZ
BtL. L).Agri.
2069 Chaitra Year/Par1 '. Ill 'Iime r 3 hrs.

Subject: - I'rngineering I']hysios (,\H,/02)

Candidatcs are requit'ed to give their [Link] in tl'reir oun r,vords as far as practicable.
Attentpl All questi ons.
All qtrestiotTs carry equal ntarks.
Assttme sttitable data if necess'ary

1. Point out the similarities and dissimilarities between the oscillations of bar perldulum and
torsinal pocndulurn. Shou, that the radius of gyration is equal to distance from center of
suspension to ccnter of gravity of compound pendulum, when time period in min itlt-ttn.
2. l)crivc a clifferential equation for LC Oscillation. Shou, that the maximum valtte of
clcctric and magnetic energies stored in LC circuit is equal.
OR

l)rpvc that if a transverse wave is travelling along a string, then the slope at anl' point of
thc strirrg is numerically equal to the ratio of the particle speed to the u'ave speed at that
poin1.
'l'lrc tirnc o{'rcvcrberation of an empty hall is 1.5 sec u,ith 500 audiences present in the
hall: thc rcverberation time falls to 1.4sec. Find the no. of persons present itt the hall if the
rcvcrbe ration timc falls down to 1.32 sec.
4. Show that the intensity of the first subsidiary maxima of Fraunhoffer's dilfraction at a

singlc slit is 4.5% of that or principal maxima.

OR

What is double diffraction? Explain how Nicol prism can be used as polarizer and
analyzer?
5. In a Newton's ring experiment, the radius of curvature of the lens is 5cm and tire lens
diameter is 20mrn. (a) How many bright rings are produced? Assume that 7,:589nm
(b) How many bright rings would be produced if the arrangement were immersed in r,'r'ater
(p:1.33)?
6. A diffraction gratting 3cm wide produces the second order at 33" with iight of riavelength
600nrn. What is the,total number of lines on the gratting'
7. What is population [Link]? Explain why laser action cannot occur u'ithout population
inversion between atomic levels?
8. What are cardinal points of an optical system? Determine the equivalent focal length of a
combination of two thin lenses separated by a finite distances.
9. A ring has a charge q uniform distributed in it. Derive an expression for the electric field
at any point on the axial line of the ring. Extend your result to find the potential.
OR

Write an expression for electric field at any point in the axiai line of a charged ring.
Using this equation, calculate the electric field at any point in the axial line of a charged
disk.
10. \\ihat is the magnitucie of electric fie ld at tlie poir-it (3,2) m if the electric porential is
^tire
\l
gil'cn b.v '-' 2ri 5x1'I 3y2 r,olts. What acceleratiin cloes an electron experiences in the
x-direction.

11. I)erive an equatiorJ:oi. t xptain r,r,hy [Link] of a conductor increases u,ith

increasing temperature plot a graph betrn een Re (Resistance at any temperature 0) and
tcmperalurc. Based on tire graph. explain u,hat are superconductor? How the1, drffer from
pcrl'ec1 conductor? Describe the characteristics of superconductor.

12. Dcrivc an expression for energy storcd in magnetic ficld. Show that the energy stored per
uuit volume is directly proportional to the square of the magnetic flux density. Compare
this result with electric energy densitl'.
OR
What is sell induction? Define inductance of a coil. Shou, by calculation inductance of a
coil clcpcnds on the permeability of a rnedium and the geometrl, of the coil.
Li. A long circr-rit coil consisting of 50 turns u'ith diameter 1.2m carries a curlent of 10Arnp.
(tr) lrirtd thc magnetic field at a point along the axis 90cm from the center. (b) At what
clistiutcc liom the center, along the axis, the field is 1/8 greater as at the center.
l -1. I)cscribc thc principal and working of Cyclotron. Shorv that the time taken by the ion in a
l)cc 1o travcl a scmicircie is exactly same rvhatever be its radius and velocity.
1,5. Writc'Maxwell's equations in free space and dielectric medium. With the help of
Maxwell's equations, Derive charge conservation theorem.
16. A beam of electrons having energy of each 3eV is incident on a potential barrier of height
4eV. If the width of the barrier is 20A", calculate the transmission coefficient of the beam
through the barrier.
>k >1, *
 1'
t ,n
)-

A
'l i ?4 rRIBIHU\VAN UNIIVE,
TRI
ro)F ENGiIN{EEERING
UTiE(
INSSTII'UI IG
;ITY
ERST Exam.
Level ui:
=S
vr &slr(10$- !niell+..[Link]
i FulI M-erks_i_g_0_
r_ i

; ,'1E xaiamninatiItio)n Clontrr0nl I-Divisj

isioon
i

Programme Pass \{arks 32

fl
2068 Shrarvan Year / Part III '=- :Ilme 3 i,r:..

Subiect: - Engineeriug physics

'/ (
to give their answers in their own w'ords as
qo faras
aor oo practicable.
.:.1 I 911]L.r::,arerequired
Atiempt AII questions. . -Je
,i
...:{
.', t
{ Aft questiorts carry equal marlcs.
l
l
v ,4sstmte suitable data tf necessary.

/
t:'.1
',
:,.81

.ql 1' List [Link] pendulunis in practice

-- -'*'-
{tric!..[Link] "*4, ^physical pendulum
Shcrvz that poir,t of suspension and poirtt of
an6'why?
osciilution are interciarg.^Ui..
oit
i
r\
i
gy';}+:]h*.:y of a simple mass spring system. Develop the relah'on for rine period
:
LE"ffequenc) oi'trvo springs having spring constants. I(1 ancl K2 suppoiling
a mass .h4'
I

t:r;lr:rreei-r Ihern on a fr-ictionless

horizontal table.
' 2" /r rod'itrt:atj ,'.:i al 1-?. Hzgeueratts hanrronic lvaves wiih mnplitlde
of l.-5inrn ir, :, sii-irg
cr:nsiiv 2 En/[Link] tl:e tension iu the srring is t5N, vrhei
i ::.:1,:,:"llass ir'ir.. aveiate
: : fi..-;.,- r ...-.
[Link] :tcci-:.::.jl.t.)/ ii.;rtation Ihr r:,,,[Link] ii:ne And :;-;:,:,.:,_: lii.: L:,ltc;-s
aC! l,Uiliit-r -.-;
f r; rt, irli l;. afF-:ting th:.

!- :ri":'.!j
,,J::
')i:'r ir-rn's rlni:s cir': *l:,;'? [Link] aircl cerii,c tirc
rt neces:lrry
rrut/qiitll y th,.,>ri,
Lrti r)r-v of ).ie*lori
r;ng, e.).-'ljirii,",;r;t ir:rr [Link].i lrgrrt. :;
,
{) ii
i tt',:r. ti:':i the intensit'i [Link] partem of [Link]'s
I

o _islD(f1 sirgJ,: siit diliiacrion is

1.
i
- lri --- I . Where s;a:lbols carry their nsrial rr,eiinings.
l.
:
!
20crir iong tube having sugar solution rotate3, th3 ll^ane of poianzaiion
I "i
s1:'er:ific rr;tation of sr-i-ear by 20,. If the
i
is 66", caicuraie rhe stren*erh or,n. ,otl,ior.,.
I

I
1). r\ sr'reerr conrainiD.q rwo, 0,lrr,n1.;rprri is rm
fi-crn trre vicrving screen, T,igrrt
t
I wa'elcngrh r = 500 nm fail(
11its
on the srits from , ;";;;;';*i.".'[Link],how ot.
rpa* riill
1

the bright inrcfcrence fringcs be scen far

i;;;:r;;;;" ,,.
-7, Write dorvn lh_e p;:inciple ol optical fiber ald
,fro* thar fiumericai aperature B
([Link]) = p,o,. JIA , where symbols nave their ou/r:
rns211in=.
8.
'f''r'o
thin corvex renses having fi:t:rii renglhs lccm and +.rr.,
dis;ia'tce cf Sctn. finri the equiialent focai ienglr of
or. coaxiarl, separateci by a
the combl*,,on. Deterrnine aiso the
pt-rsiti,;ns oi tl-:e orin.;ipal points.
:C r'r'r a givrr,
short crectric dipole, sho'.v,r,aL the clectrrc [Link]
:r :ry point ar a dis:a:ce
,.;^ rr
f 1s \/= Pcos0
rvhere 0 is the argle niade'by r: io tlie dipole
I ' [Link] p is its dipole moment.
L sing aboYe relalion find an expression lor resuitrn- electric I

inrensiry ai rhar poinr

l
 - ;.\
.r,
lr
n\ ::
:-' l:l '1,I
i

!':ii;liiri cll:ii;'i.;
l'-i:.ile [Link] e;(p1ajr Gapss ilt''r' i1 r': :'i;':''st'itics' 111:.;;tni]lg
)
-,'eci..;r, i', )l ltrld l-r. /[Link]] a;ilo\-i iilirl i-''t'=eo t-- + ?' I
Segll!':rni (::Ifi-v'iiis tltir'i'-:r':-i I:''r'i C:l'l:Ulai
.t
'l
^
cl' -.- -, ii:,a![Link] r't:.rgt'ieiiC fiei,i t1'.,:'rl ti CriiVi'' *iIA
Ir-..c Cj1

convertecl into electrica.l [Link] irn;,l:-,' jrto h':at'-'Irr-gy'

2A are ci\t-ui{lclc
.ritca
11.'i'r..;o Co!il'Jerr,,'il';;s of sai0e lenEith / ancl';r:oss s"lcticnal ar';as A anc'1'
,Datiel.y. \[Link] lviil ite iire ratio oi dlifi. velcc:iies w'hen the wii:cs a:e in (l) sell'ls iiilC
\: '/ ^" "' *'^- '
.L2. A
2
cmwide, and 1Omm thick ii nll::9 ,T..1i:if:l:,,t:lt:1,]',:
II iicI
.i. strip
rric'i)t"i/:;.'i
.+ copp-e,
uuyyvr '. 'r.,
r.: , -A '\ ,r_,, r':! ir.11 .---r.;;;! ,;ar'
[Link] of
iJi 20t.r.\
ZU'.J.\ is
Ls sei
r5L up
uP iri
ILI the
Lrtu ;Lrri', Calci:le'ie,
-'trlp, "":,:"' ---, \-,' - (ii ilali --^1!^.-..-.
I'o1ia5'; - !l:;:':]'l
l,-' . ,.., I
-.*li
[Link];[Link]:-:p.,.unitroiu.',ri,s84*1,-l'irrrSant',resi:;tivi"yisf i'i''i0*"el';-'-r
",.,r-"ii i

i
i
I

i'.',,i.1c,:ri:';,,: t:q'iriil..t i,'ih:it [Link];s tlir-r t'er-'islaiii;') iiliih 1. .'rl

1

I . ijiai':.:r? ft-olli Ni::i-'.lvelL's €:ij:-'12,+.ir-1r'15 in i-i';e sr''tlc r' r-'irtai;t

-l
., i,:c trijua g-t ie-ii : w:l'\'e s' Fii tt'l irre pl all-: wav soi'xicir s'
t- -.
.1
3. ij,lr'i,,*,, aI. p-x},iressi;.)[ fur lil'-r enol'Ey of a p;il'ti;le iii an cile : r"U',,)

iiDlcl:i, ai '"vell. )q
j ,.:F .f .,<
i
t{-
rlr
tv
. (Z- G n
t/>r '' ' 9t
"/-/)
t'\. --.
), r* w -/' a5v
Lt
(r
\\ .ii
it r-
Q-y n'lri
'/'''n^\', '
l*L
r
y
.. A,{.
'ry
i
,
yf J-1
"''4n'

:i!i:i:.r
t:.:.::
',: l
!

I
,b
i.:::-1.
I

i
t

!
-E
t
1
,r;i iia:,::r' I
 24 TRIBHIJVA].I LNIVERSITI'
INSTITT]TE OF F*ll }{arkr 80

Examfuration ContloJ' ir'og'".*. i_All __."" _.jgIF:H_ 3,--*

2068 Chaitra' i,eei ir4-i -_,r I ll--
'"::":tr-' " ":----__
-
- - :'Jsi----:
irrieering P"hysics (stt loz)
Candidates are required tb give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions..
All q;rtrir; carry rdiirt:.ygrk. ;

1. Differentiate between linear and angular harmonic motion. Show that the motion of
torsion pendulum is angular harmonic motion. Also find its time period.
OR

Derive the differential equation of the forced oscillation of LCR circuit with an AC
source and find the expression for the current amplitude. Hence explain the condition of
crrrrent resonance in such circuit.

2. A 7509 block oscillates on the end of a spring whose force constant, 1e56N/m. The mass
*or"r i1 a fluid which offers a resistive force F : 'bv, where b : 0.162Ns/m. What is the
period of the oscillation?

J. A roomhas dimensions 6mx4mx5m. Find:

i) Mean free path of sound wave in the room
rr) The number of reflections made persecond by the sound wave with the wa1ls of the
Ioom. (Take velocity of sound in air= 350ms ').
4. Define interference. Show that interference in thin film due to reflected and hansmitted
lights are comPlementary'
OR
given liquid
What are Newton's rings? Hor,v can you detennine the refractive index of
f
using Newton's rings exPeriment?
5. Explain the dispersive and resoiving power of a diffraction grating. Derive expression$
and develop a relation befween them. I
c. A 200mm long tube crintaining 48cm3 of sugar solution produces an optical rotation of
11" when placed on a saccharimeter. If the specific rotation of sugar solution is 66o,
calculate the quantity of sugar contained in the tube in the form of solution'
7. prove that the condition for achromatisrn for the combination of two lenses of focal
length fr and f2 having dispersive power or and o2 placed at a separate distance
x is
qrr: 1/fr) +(02/fr:(x/f1 Pr) (o +oD).
1

Differentiate between spontansous and stimulated emission of radiation. Explain

a the
it.

construction and working of He-Ne laser'with a suitable enelgy level diagram'

9. Derive an expression for the eiectric field at a point P at a disiance X from a circular
plastic disc of radius a along its central axis. Does this expression for E reduces to an
expected result for x>>a?
 -, *0'Acapacitor of capacitance 'cl"[Link] tliroug! a resistor
of resistance ,R,. After
'.{'. how,fqgy;ti:ne cohstants is the energy stored beoornesone f#;;ffi;ffir";
4, tr
' fi',!-,
12' Exlilaia dre,[Link]{y'olkine of cJsclotron.
show that the time spent by the parricle

. ,,,-..,,
,04
use Bioe-'savart Law to calculate magnetic field
on the axial line of a current carrying
circuladoop. Exprain how the coil beha=ves for a
largg Jirt*"" point.
l3' A cooper strip t50pm thick is placed in a magnetic
field of strength 0.65T perpendicular
to the plane of the strip and current of33*mell
r.t rf iniir" srrip. calculate: (i) the Hall
voltage (ii) Hail coefficient and (iii) uall mobitity,
i? ir,. or .r..iioilJ per .unir
vol,me is 8.5x1028/m3 and resisti,ity is l.7Z * 10-r
0;;. "*u..
14' A parallel plate cqpacitor with circulal plates
of 10cm radius is charged producing
\,/ uniforrn displacement current of magnitudi zagn?.
bar""irr" (i) dE/dt in the region (ii)
Displacerrent current density and (iii) Induced
magnetic fieia.
15' obtain an exoression transfer rate by elechomagnetic wave. From your
S, "r:rg,
*T I T.u'*,. where I is'trre intensity .*
result
Atl"y
bf electric field.
*'uu" *Ji*,
i. root mean square value
16' Derive the schrodinger time independent
rvave equation. Also what do you mean by a
potential barrier?
t"/19
*rr*
&,-1 {\a-,,.
-L'-
d'l

,--6d y/ Aq ^4
d--/ e-
Q.r\
l\ Vcz - 0'
rt_lrfr

a,,x Y
\,,4 {/-
t\n
,r1t tt*
>L,-, du\rf-
JO
{
tsr\ '.J

d o)tto -1
\ an{
Jr
,-fl* gl'
,-.1. Y7') 1\
Y^/)

.1
I ,.:i
')
'a^ ''''^rl'
^J,
qY^J fi- .,s*
\,"
 24 'IRIBIIUVN N LTN]IVEi{SITY Exam, Regular/Back
INSTITUTE. OF ENGINEtrRING Levcl BE Full NIarks 80

Exalnination Coutrnl Divisiou IlEl-, BIrX,

Programme tsCT, BiE, Pass i\{arhs 32

2067 Ashadh Year / Part Ut Tiure 3 hrs.

S_ll\y:!| ;
i1_e-i1ger1gg l11ys1c_9 .

Canrlidates are required to give their answers jn their [Link] words as firr as practicable.
I t ! crr tytt ll I qucs t i otr s.
Al.l qttestictrts c(lrry equal mcu"ks.
-Assunrc suitable clala if nec:essary,.

1, Shor'v Lhat thcre are lour colliltear points within cornpounci penduluu having sarue timc
period. Give their physicai signiticance.
OR
Derive thc ciiffercntial cqrration of darnped harmonic [Link][ion iu LCR circuit. Solr,ing
llre erliLrtioir finii tlit: danrpccl fi"cciuorcy ol the osciliation aucl explain its significance.
2. A ruriftrrm circular disk whose radius R is 12.6cni is suspended as a physical pcndulum
frorn a point on its riin. (a) What is its period? (b) At what radial distance r < R. Is there a i:,lr-,1 ill;!i
-ffi:rtu
pivot 1:cint that givcs the same period? i

3. L],'lllrrr: absor;rtion cocillcicul of solitrtl. I)clivc a lcllition bclr'i,ecrt rcvelberation tinre ancl )::
rrlrr;i.r;'1;lioir ccie I'llcicirt lbl aiorrslioally goorl ha1l, fiq,i-erifl
BI I EJ{

,1.. ir-x1,'iairr horv ittl.;rjl;i'ertr;c Ii'inges at'c ibtlneil by a thin wedgc shapcci l'rlin, lvhcu examineil
1-rl,tiorinally rcllectcci light. Ilotv wi[1 1,ou estimalc the diflclence of film thicLuress
irr,iili:r-'rr tu,o poirrls'/ i

{,}}t
Slrolu' that lhc irilorrsitl,of socoucl oldcr rlaxima olFlaurrholier's surgle slit difll'actron is
)
.l-. iirrrcsr the inlorrsily r-,1'ceutrll [Link].

5. ltt l'.lcwlotr's liuil iLlrilnljoilcul a sourco cmitling two .,\,avelcngths 6x i ,'J Tm aucl
7ru
5.9v: 1[) is usoti. it is fuuncl tl-rat rll' darii ring c1rle 1o one rvavelcngtir coircicles',vith
(n iltt'dark ring clue to othel. I::ind the clianreter of the n'l'dark ring if raclius of curvalure
-t-
r,l^ lcrrs is 0.9tn.

\ 6. Calcr-Liaic the thickness ol quartcr uave plale for light of wavelength 5893A. Given
rcfractivc indices c,lordinary antl extraordinaly ray are 1.544 atrd 1.553 respectiyerl-v.
L)cI-lrr:: accoptarce angle of an optical fitrer. Derivc thc relatiou Ior Numerical Apcilur.e
(blA t,-rf ilLe oirlical [Lcr. Also wrile [Link] iis siguillcurce.
B. 'l-r','o i.l:in corrvorgiirg icirscs of focal lengths 0.2nr ancl 0.3r-n are placcd cc,axiall),0.1Orn
altai:i itr air'. An object is locaiccl0.6m in front of the lens of sirallor focai length. Iiincl tirc
Ir.,silio;r oL lirr: trvci priucipal l..oints iin(1 thai of irnage.
9. J-]crii,c air expressiorr I'or the eleclr'ic poteutiirl at any poini on thc a:lis of the uniforrull'
clrirrir,cd tlisir, lixlencl youl resLLit lo calculatc electlic fielcl.
(]Jl
l)crivr.r an [Link] lbr thc elcctric ficld at any point on the tutis of tltc short liuear
r
1r
urriri r1.ro1L-.
 \i
l0' '/r' coppcr slab of tliiclirtcss b is inscrtcd into a parallel pltto caplcilor exactly half way
belrvcen the plates. If thc scparlrticru of lhe platc is d unil ihc [Link]^o-i'.,,J, pr,,t"'i, a, ,r,o*
that the change in capacitanc,c is ecpral to -59,Ab .
(cl - L))d

I1' \vlat is thc drifl s1:ccd of tlrt cotrcl'*ction ckrolLons irr a copl;cr rvire (nrolccular
mass ==
63 54 g/rno1, densitv 8.96 g/ctn3) lvith larlius 900 pLpr q,6en
it has a uniforrn curre,t 17*rr\
I'ioiviirg in thc rvilc'i
i2 z' Iorlg slraiilht wir^c of rarlius It carrics a unitbrrnly ciistrib-Lrlcd cLrrreut L Ciilcrrlater
rrriig,retic {relds at ary points i*sicre aiiti [Link] thc lvire.
13' ll'e conclticting tUd sltou'n in figLrrc has lcngth L ancl is bcing pulicd
aloug lorizcrutal,
llicti0nlcss coticlitctiltg mils at a constnnt vclt,citl, i:. 't'-l,..'r'ui]s arc
conncctcd al oLrc cLicl
r"ilh a tnetiil stip. A unilolm rilrgnclic field lj, directed out of thc page, fills
the [Link]
irt ivhicir the rJtl lllo\:Lrs. l)crilc ari exprcssii,rn for the rai.c r:['theLinal cn"rgy
L-cing
q:rrcrulet] ilr [Link] r.t,.l.

T
L-.
x
+
R

l4''A coil has au inductance of 53 rrlll and a rcsistance of 0.35f). If a l2V emf is appliccl
across the coil, how mucli encrgy is storcd in the magnetic
field after the current has built
trir t'r its cquilibrir'rnr valLre? Alter how many time cJrrstants
will half rhis equilibrir- tr.
st,.ri:ccl irr the magnetic field?

OR
Iri a cortain cyclotron a proton nloves in a circle of radius 0.5m. The
magnitucle of tire
magnclic fielc1 is 1.20T'. Yy'hat is the oscillator fi-equency?'What is the hinitic
energy of
tlic pn;torr in eV?

i5' I)ot'rnc poynting vcctor. Provc that [=J 1dril;, n ],.r. thc symbols havc thcir usual
Io
rncanings.
16. ,'\n clcctron is tra;r1:ctl in an one climensional inl'inite potential wcll of .,vic1t6 oa, such that
V-"o for 0<x aucl x)a
V=.C for 0<x<'a
Usi,g boundary condition, prove that tlie total energy of the systeur is
n2 n2li2
^l)11\^ "

1Vhcrc syurbols carry thcir. [Link] rriearrings.

x

24 Eir-.--:- -N;i, u;i

TRIBHUVAN LINIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
i "1".- . fi"q1,O Brt.t,t-" " 1

Examination Control Division

i Programme BCT. BIE. Pass Nlarks 32
I;... na
2067 Ashwin
............ -:: lSIl'
i y_sd]p_r_ii, . i ii- . til; .
-.
l.r,i'. . "r

Subject: - Engineering _Physicg

'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own worcls as far as practicable.
,/ Attentpt All cluestions.
./ All questions carrv eclual marks.
'/ Assrune stritoble clcttu if necessary.

1. Define forced oscillation. Show that the total energy of the damped oscillation decreases
rvrth increasing time.

OR
Derive a differential equation for LC oscillation. Solve the equation and shori that tl,e
maximum value of electric and magnetic energies stored in L.C. circutt are equal.
2. A meter stick swings about pivot point at one end, at distancelrliorl the stick's center oi
mass. Calculate the period of oscillation using parallei axis theorem.
J. Give an account of bad acoustic properlies of a hall. Derir.e the expression for
reverberation time in a good acoustics of a hail.
1. What are coherent sources? Describe a method for deten-r-rinrns the lefi'acrive index oi'
film using the interference phenomenon,
l{e+tspert liquid
-\-l-:,urr)
r\r"s-
toR
Describe the construction of Nicol Prisrn. Explain horv it can be r-ised as polalizer and
analyzet' .ft--cur ,. r1,. r
..4 . Lr a ,- n
5. A diffi'action grating is u#d at normal incidence. In such arrangement c,erta+r++rder of a
green line ()' : 5400d),.rs & slrperimposed on the violet line (i, : 4050'A) of the next
order. If the angle of diffraction is 30o, how many lines are there in 1 centimeter?
6. A light sources emits light of two wavelengths 4300qi and 5100"A. The soulce is used in
a doLrble slit experirnent. The distance between the sources ar-id the screell is 1.5m and the
distance betrveen the slit3is 0.025mm. Calculate the separation bets,een the third older
bright f ir-rges due to these two wavelengths.
7. A thin convex and thin concave lens,each of focal lerrgth 50cn-r are coaxially situated ancl
separated by 1Ocm. Find the position and nature of the fina1 image formed of an object
placed 20cm from the convex lens.
8. What is population inversion? Explain the lasing action of a gas laser n,ith necessary
energy level diagranr.
9. Consider a circuiar plastic disk of radir-rs R that has a positive sr-rriace charge of uniforn-
density on its upper surface. Find the electric field at any point at a distance x from the
centre of the disk aiong'bentral axis.

OR
 rr

Define electric quadrupole. Calculate tl-re electric potential of linear quadrupole of

separation 2a at an axial distance r fiom its centre.
10. As a parailel plate capacitol with circular plates 20cm in diameter is being char-ged, the
cuffent density of the displacement current in the region between the piates is unifonn
and has a magnitude of 20Alm2. Calculate the magnitude of magnetic field (B) at a

distance r : 50mm from the axis of sylmetry of this region. Also calculate 4 in this
dt
region.
11. Assurling that each atorn of copper contributes one free electrons, calculate the drift
."elocity of free electrons in copper conductor of cross
sectional area 10 arn2 carrying a
current of 2004. Given:
Atomic rveight of copper: 63.5 g/mol
Density of copper: 8.94x103kg/m3
Charge of an electron: 1.6x10 leC
12. State Ampere's law. Use this law to find magnetic field that a cLln'ent produces ir-rside anci
or-rtside a long straigl-rt rvire of circular cross section.

OR
Derive an expression for energy stared in an inductor. Shou. that the magnetic ellerg),
der"rsity is directly proporlionai to the square of the magnetic flur dcnsity. Hori can voll
compare electric energy density witir this result?
13. A cyclotron^which has the dees of radius 42cm and magnetrc fie1d of flux density
0.5 rveber/m' is employed to accelerate plotons. If the fina1 r-e1ocit1, of the proton is
2.02x107mlsec, calculate the charge to mass ratio for the proton and the fi'[Link] of the
altemating potential between the dees.
i4. In the given figure, when srvitch S is closed on a, the currerlt rises aud approaches a

lnnrtins. ualue -c
"R
a) Find the current through the inductor as a function of time.
b) When the switch is closed on b, the cunent reduces to zero. Finci the rate ol decay of
current thror-ieh the inductor.

15. State Maxwell equations in integral form. Convelt them into differential fonn. Explain
each of these equations.
16. Discuss the significance of the rvave functron and deduce the tin-re independer-rt
Schrodinger equation.
x*r<